Gun violence extends past the moment of injury: non-fatal harm often outnumbers deaths, and impacts concentrate where firearms are common and public safety strains are highest. This page compares firearm shares of homicide, gun-death rates, and injury patterns across regions using country snapshots, while also addressing underreporting—especially in low- and middle-income countries. You’ll also see how long-run trends changed over time and what policy and enforcement shifts have influenced outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- In Brazil, the gun homicide rate was 21.8 per 100,000 in 2021, with 47,507 deaths
- Venezuela's firearm homicide rate peaked at 49.1 per 100,000 in 2019, totaling 8,643 deaths
- El Salvador reported 18.2 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2022, down from 52 in 2018 post-gang truce
- In 2019, an estimated 251,000 people died worldwide from firearm-related injuries, representing about 44% of all homicides globally
- Globally, firearms were responsible for 54% of all homicides in 2017, totaling approximately 228,000 gun homicide deaths
- Between 2016 and 2020, the global average annual gun homicide rate was 6.1 per 100,000 people, affecting 397,000 victims yearly
- Globally, civilian firearms number over 1 billion, with 857 million in civilian hands as of 2018 estimates
- United States civilians hold 393 million firearms, 46% of world total, 120.5 per 100 residents in 2018
- Yemen has the highest civilian gun ownership at 52.8 per 100 people, 29 million firearms
- Globally, non-fatal gun injuries total 3-5 times homicides, estimated 1 million annually in 2019
- US sees 80,000 non-fatal gun injuries yearly, but global LMICs underreport 10x more
- In Brazil, 50,000 non-fatal gun wounds treated in 2021, costing $1.2 billion healthcare
- In 1990, global gun homicides were 160,000, rising to 250,000 by 2015 before slight decline
- US gun death rate fell 10% from 1993-2019 but homicide component stable at 4-5 per 100k
- Brazil gun deaths dropped 20% post-2019 ban reversal, from 47k to 38k by 2022
Firearms drive a large share of global violence, leaving hundreds of thousands killed and many more injured yearly.
Related reading
01 · Category
Country Specific Gun Death Rates20 stats
01
In Brazil, the gun homicide rate was 21.8 per 100,000 in 2021, with 47,507 deaths
02
Venezuela's firearm homicide rate peaked at 49.1 per 100,000 in 2019, totaling 8,643 deaths
03
El Salvador reported 18.2 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2022, down from 52 in 2018 post-gang truce
04
South Africa's gun death rate stood at 11.2 per 100,000 in 2020, with 20,386 total homicides mostly firearms
05
Mexico had 29,300 gun homicides in 2021, a rate of 23 per 100,000 amid cartel wars
06
Colombia's firearm homicide rate was 24.5 per 100,000 in 2019, with 12,086 deaths
07
Honduras recorded 38.9 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2020, 3,496 total gun deaths
08
Guatemala's rate hit 17.3 per 100,000 in 2021, driven by narco-transit violence
09
Jamaica saw 47 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2022, highest in Caribbean
10
Philippines gun death rate was 6.1 per 100,000 in 2019, with 4,800 homicides
11
United States had 14.7 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2021, totaling 48,830 deaths
12
Canada reported 0.5 gun homicides per 100,000 in 2021, 277 deaths
13
Australia's rate dropped to 0.1 per 100,000 post-1996 reforms, 30 deaths in 2021
14
UK's gun homicide rate was 0.04 per 100,000 in 2021/22, 27 deaths
15
Japan's firearm death rate is 0.02 per 100,000, with 1 homicide in 2020
16
Russia's gun homicide rate estimated at 3.2 per 100,000 in 2019, 4,500 deaths
17
India's rate around 0.3 per 100,000, but 15,000 total gun deaths including suicides
18
Nigeria's gun violence caused 5,000 homicides in 2022, rate approx 2.5 per 100,000
19
Pakistan reported 3,000 gun homicides in 2021, rate 1.4 per 100,000
20
Thailand's rate 3.7 per 100,000 in 2019, 2,500 deaths from feuds
Interpretation
Country Specific Gun Death Rates Interpretation
Across these country specific gun death rates, the figures show how dramatically rates and totals can vary year to year and by place, from El Salvador falling from 52 per 100,000 in 2018 to 18.2 per 100,000 in 2022 to Venezuela peaking at 49.1 per 100,000 in 2019 with 8,643 deaths.
02 · Category
Global Fatalities30 stats
01
In 2019, an estimated 251,000 people died worldwide from firearm-related injuries, representing about 44% of all homicides globally
02
Globally, firearms were responsible for 54% of all homicides in 2017, totaling approximately 228,000 gun homicide deaths
03
Between 2016 and 2020, the global average annual gun homicide rate was 6.1 per 100,000 people, affecting 397,000 victims yearly
04
In 2021, firearms accounted for over 45% of intentional homicides worldwide, with Latin America seeing the highest share at 75%
05
WHO estimates 464,000 deaths from self-inflicted, interpersonal, or forces-related gun violence annually as of 2019 data
06
Firearm homicides peaked globally at 250,000 in 2015, stabilizing around 240,000 by 2019 per IHME data
07
In low- and middle-income countries, 90% of the 250,000 annual gun homicides occur, disproportionately affecting males aged 15-44
08
Global gun suicide deaths numbered 123,000 in 2016, comprising 53% of all suicides where method was known
09
Armed conflict-related gun deaths totaled 85,000 globally in 2020, a 15% rise from 2019 due to regional escalations
10
Firearms caused 2.4 million years of life lost (YLLs) globally in 2019 from homicides alone
11
In 2018, 42% of global homicide victims were killed with firearms, equating to 187,000 deaths primarily in the Americas
12
Pediatric gun deaths worldwide reached 15,000 in 2020, with 60% from homicides in high-burden regions
13
Globally, men account for 81% of firearm homicide victims, totaling 200,000 male deaths in 2019
14
Firearm-related unintentional deaths averaged 23,000 per year globally from 2015-2019
15
In 2022 estimates, Asia saw 35,000 gun homicides despite strict laws, driven by illicit trade
16
Europe reported under 5,000 gun homicides in 2021, a rate of 0.5 per 100,000 versus global 6.2
17
Africa’s gun homicide rate hit 9.1 per 100,000 in 2019, causing 120,000 deaths annually
18
Oceania had negligible gun homicides at 200 in 2020 post-buybacks, down 80% from 1996
19
Middle East gun deaths surged 25% to 12,000 in 2021 amid conflicts
20
Globally, 1 in 20 homicides in 2017 involved legally owned guns misused, totaling 11,000 cases
21
Firearm deaths in indigenous populations worldwide were 3x the average rate in 2018
22
During COVID-19, global gun homicides rose 10% to 265,000 in 2020
23
Handguns caused 70% of global gun homicides in 2019, per forensic data
24
Rifles and shotguns accounted for 25% of gun deaths in conflict zones, 50,000 annually
25
Globally, 15% of female homicides are by firearm, 28,000 cases in 2021
26
Elderly gun homicide victims (65+) numbered 8,000 worldwide in 2019
27
Street gang-related gun killings totaled 100,000 globally in 2018 estimates
28
Drug cartel violence drove 60,000 gun deaths in Latin America alone in 2022
29
Terrorist gun attacks killed 4,500 civilians globally in 2021
30
Vigilante gun killings reached 5,000 in South Asia in 2020
Interpretation
Global Fatalities Interpretation
Across global fatalities, firearm deaths remain a dominant driver of homicide and related lethal violence, with about 251,000 firearm-related deaths in 2019 making up roughly 44% of all homicides and firearm homicides staying near 240,000 by 2019 after peaking around 250,000 in 2015.
03 · Category
Global Gun Ownership And Circulation24 stats
01
Globally, civilian firearms number over 1 billion, with 857 million in civilian hands as of 2018 estimates
02
United States civilians hold 393 million firearms, 46% of world total, 120.5 per 100 residents in 2018
03
Yemen has the highest civilian gun ownership at 52.8 per 100 people, 29 million firearms
04
Switzerland's rate is 27.6 guns per 100 civilians, mandatory militia service contributing
05
Finland has 32.4 firearms per 100 residents, highest in Europe
06
Serbia leads Europe with 39.1 guns per 100, legacy of conflicts
07
Iraq civilians possess 34.2 guns per 100 post-2003
08
Pakistan has 8.9 million civilian firearms, 8.2 per 100 amid tribal areas
09
Brazil has 17.2 guns per 100 civilians, 36 million total in 2019
10
India estimates 70 million illegal guns circulating among 80 million registered
11
South Africa has 4 million firearms for 52 million adults, 7.7 per 100
12
Canada owns 26.7 guns per 100, 10 million total firearms
13
Australia post-buyback has 3.1 million guns, 12 per 100 residents
14
Germany 19.6 per 100, mostly hunting rifles
15
Japan has under 0.3 guns per 100, strictest controls globally
16
Black market firearms trade estimated at 10-20% of global stock, 100 million illicit guns
17
Military and law enforcement hold 133 million firearms worldwide
18
Registered civilian guns total 235 million globally, but unregistered exceed 600 million
19
Latin America has 5th highest ownership at 16.8 per 100, 110 million guns
20
Africa civilian holdings 43 million, 4 per 100, high illicit share
21
Asia lowest at 4 guns per 100, but 400 million total due to population
22
Europe averages 15.8 per 100, 150 million firearms
23
Illicit craft production adds 1 million untraceable guns yearly globally
24
Handguns comprise 59% of global civilian stock, 500 million units
Interpretation
Global Gun Ownership And Circulation Interpretation
With civilian firearms totaling 857 million worldwide as of 2018, the United States alone accounts for 393 million, or 46% of global gun circulation, showing how a few countries dominate the overall flow of civilian weapons.
04 · Category
Non Fatal Gun Injuries20 stats
01
Globally, non-fatal gun injuries total 3-5 times homicides, estimated 1 million annually in 2019
02
US sees 80,000 non-fatal gun injuries yearly, but global LMICs underreport 10x more
03
In Brazil, 50,000 non-fatal gun wounds treated in 2021, costing $1.2 billion healthcare
04
Mexico hospitals managed 120,000 gun injuries in 2020, 70% from organized crime
05
South Africa records 25,000 non-fatal firearm assaults annually
06
Colombia's gun injuries hit 40,000 in 2019, rate 80 per 100,000
07
Globally, gun injuries cause 15 million DALYs lost yearly from non-fatal cases
08
Children under 15 suffer 50,000 non-fatal gun injuries worldwide annually
09
In conflict zones, 200,000 non-fatal gunshot wounds treated yearly by MSF alone
10
India's gun injuries exceed 100,000 yearly, mostly rural feuds
11
Philippines Duterte era saw 20,000 non-fatal vigilante shootings 2016-2022
12
Venezuela hyperinflation led to 30,000 untreated gun injuries in 2019
13
Europe's non-fatal gun injuries total 10,000 yearly, mostly hunting accidents
14
Australia's strict laws limit non-fatal to 500 cases yearly
15
Canada's gun injury hospitalizations 2,500 in 2021, rate 6 per 100,000
16
Abdominal gun wounds, hardest to treat, affect 150,000 non-fatally globally yearly
17
Extremity injuries from guns total 60% of non-fatals, 600,000 cases, but lead to 20% disability
18
Women survivors of intimate partner gun violence: 100,000 non-fatal globally 2020
19
Pediatric non-fatal gun injuries doubled in US to 25,000 in 2021, global trend similar in violence hotspots
20
Ballistic trauma costs global healthcare $100 billion yearly from non-fatals
Interpretation
Non Fatal Gun Injuries Interpretation
Non fatal gun injuries occur far more frequently than deaths worldwide, reaching about 1 million each year in 2019, and the gap is even sharper in low and middle income countries where reporting can be roughly ten times lower, as reflected by figures like the 80,000 yearly US injuries versus far higher burdens seen in places such as Brazil and Colombia.
05 · Category
Trends Over Time20 stats
01
In 1990, global gun homicides were 160,000, rising to 250,000 by 2015 before slight decline
02
US gun death rate fell 10% from 1993-2019 but homicide component stable at 4-5 per 100k
03
Brazil gun deaths dropped 20% post-2019 ban reversal, from 47k to 38k by 2022
04
Mexico gun homicides doubled from 10k in 2010 to 29k in 2021
05
Australia's 1996 buyback cut gun homicides 59% and suicides 65% by 2020
06
Venezuela rate fell from 49 to 36 per 100k 2019-2022 amid economic collapse
07
El Salvador gang crackdown slashed gun deaths 70% from 52 to 2.4 per 100k in 2023
08
South Africa gun homicides down 15% 2019-2022 to 11 per 100k
09
Global gun suicides declined 20% 1990-2019, from 150k to 120k annually
10
Europe's gun death rate halved since 1990 to 1.5 per 100k by 2020
11
Philippines gun deaths rose 50% 2016-2019 during drug war to 6k yearly
12
India's reported gun crimes up 25% 2015-2022, but underreporting persists
13
Canada's gun homicides up 50% 2019-2022 to 0.8 per 100k amid gang violence
14
UK gun crime incidents fell 40% post-1997 ban to 5k offences in 2022
15
Russia's gun homicides halved 2000-2019 to 2.5 per 100k
16
Colombia peace deal cut gun deaths 20% from 30 to 24 per 100k 2016-2022
17
Pandemic lockdowns spiked global intimate gun violence 25% in 2020
18
Mass gun violence events tripled globally 2000-2020 to 500 yearly
19
Illicit gun flows to civilians increased 30% post-COVID supply chain disruptions
20
Digital gun printing kits downloads surged 400% 2018-2023, potential 100k untraceables
Interpretation
Trends Over Time Interpretation
Across time, the global picture is mixed rather than steadily improving, with gun homicides rising from 160,000 in 1990 to 250,000 by 2015 before a slight decline, while specific countries show sharp shifts such as Australia’s 1996 buyback reducing gun homicides by 59% and suicides by 65% by 2020.
Reference
Cite This Report
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APA
Catherine Wu. (2026, February 13). Global Gun Violence Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/global-gun-violence-statistics
MLA
Catherine Wu. "Global Gun Violence Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/global-gun-violence-statistics.
Chicago
Catherine Wu. 2026. "Global Gun Violence Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/global-gun-violence-statistics.
Sources & references
44 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level