While fossil fuels still fueled 80% of the world's growing energy appetite last year, a record surge in solar and wind power is lighting the way toward a more electrified future, according to the latest global energy statistics.
Key Takeaways
- In 2022, global primary energy demand grew by 1% or 136 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with fossil fuels accounting for 80% of the increase
- Saudi Arabia produced 10.7 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in 2023, leading global producers
- The United States produced 19.4 million b/d of total petroleum liquids including biofuels in 2023
- World total primary energy consumption reached 620 EJ in 2022, up 2.5% from 2021
- China consumed 171 EJ of primary energy in 2022, 28% of global total
- US energy consumption was 94 EJ in 2022
- World proved oil reserves totaled 1,732.4 billion barrels at end-2022
- Venezuela holds the largest proved oil reserves at 303.8 billion barrels end-2022
- Saudi Arabia’s proved oil reserves were 258.6 billion barrels end-2022
- Global average oil price Brent crude was $100.93 per barrel in 2022
- Henry Hub natural gas spot price averaged $6.45/MMBtu in 2022 US
- TTF European gas price peaked at €300/MWh in August 2022
- Global CO2 emissions from energy reached 36.8 Gt in 2022, up 0.9%
- China’s energy-related CO2 emissions were 11.9 Gt in 2022, 32% global
- US CO2 emissions from fossil fuels fell 0.8% to 4.7 Gt in 2022
Global energy demand and emissions rose in 2022, with fossil fuels still dominating consumption and production.
Consumption
1World total primary energy consumption reached 620 EJ in 2022, up 2.5% from 2021
Verified2China consumed 171 EJ of primary energy in 2022, 28% of global total
Verified3US energy consumption was 94 EJ in 2022
Verified4India’s total energy consumption grew 4.5% to 40 EJ in 2022
Directional5EU27 primary energy consumption fell 4.2% to 72 EJ in 2022 due to high prices
Single source6Global oil products consumption averaged 99.5 million b/d in 2023
Verified7Russia consumed 31 EJ of energy in 2022
Verified8Japan’s energy consumption declined 2% to 17 EJ in 2022
Verified9Global natural gas consumption rose 0.7% to 4,047 bcm in 2022
Directional10Brazil’s energy consumption increased 2.8% to 14 EJ in 2022
Single source11South Korea consumed 12.5 EJ in 2022
Verified12Global coal consumption hit record 8.25 billion tonnes in 2022
Verified13Germany’s final energy consumption dropped 4.9% in 2022 to 7,500 TWh equivalent
Verified14Saudi Arabia’s oil consumption was 3.9 million b/d in 2023
Directional15Canada consumed 13.5 EJ in 2022
Single source16Global electricity consumption grew 2.5% to 27,000 TWh in 2022
Verified17Australia’s energy consumption was 6.3 EJ in 2022-23
Verified18Indonesia consumed 11 EJ in 2022
Verified19UK final energy consumption fell 7% to 122 Mtoe in 2022
Directional20Global renewables consumption share reached 13.3% of total energy in 2022
Single source21Mexico’s energy consumption was 9 EJ in 2022
Verified22France consumed 10 EJ in 2022 with nuclear at 65% of electricity
Verified23Global road transport oil demand was 45 million b/d in 2022
Verified24Turkey consumed 8 EJ in 2022
Directional25Iran’s energy consumption was 13 EJ in 2022
Single source26Global aviation fuel consumption recovered to 66 million b/d in 2023
Verified27UAE energy consumption grew 5% to 3.5 EJ in 2022
VerifiedConsumption Interpretation
Despite a record-breaking sprint towards coal-fired oblivion, the world's energy story remains a fractured drama of booming appetites, chastened retreats, and a renewables understudy still waiting for its full cue on the main stage.
Emissions
1Global CO2 emissions from energy reached 36.8 Gt in 2022, up 0.9%
Verified2China’s energy-related CO2 emissions were 11.9 Gt in 2022, 32% global
Verified3US CO2 emissions from fossil fuels fell 0.8% to 4.7 Gt in 2022
Verified4EU27 CO2 emissions dropped 7.4% to 2.5 Gt in 2022
Directional5India’s CO2 emissions rose 4.7% to 2.7 Gt in 2022
Single source6Global coal CO2 emissions hit 15.5 Gt in 2022 record
Verified7Oil-related CO2 emissions were 11.5 Gt globally in 2022
Verified8Natural gas CO2 emissions grew 1.5% to 8.0 Gt in 2022
Verified9Russia’s CO2 emissions fell 5.9% to 1.7 Gt in 2022
Directional10Japan’s energy CO2 emissions declined 2.3% to 1.0 Gt 2022
Single source11Global methane emissions from energy rose 4% to 135 Mt in 2022
Verified12Power sector CO2 emissions increased 1.8% to 14.6 Gt globally 2022
Verified13Transport sector CO2 stable at 8.0 Gt in 2022 post-COVID
Verified14Industry CO2 emissions grew 1.2% to 9.9 Gt in 2022
Directional15Buildings sector CO2 emissions down 1% to 3.2 Gt 2022
Single source16China power CO2 emissions up 2% to 6.0 Gt in 2022
Verified17Global NOx emissions from energy were 40 Mt in 2021
Verified18SO2 emissions from coal power fell 10% globally to 40 Mt in 2022
Verified19Aviation CO2 emissions recovered to 85% of 2019 levels 1 Gt 2022
Directional20Cement industry CO2 emissions stable at 2.3 Gt globally 2022
Single source21Steel sector CO2 emissions 2.0 Gt from coal in 2022
Verified22Global fugitive methane from oil/gas 40 Mt CH4 equivalent 2022
Verified23US power plant CO2 emissions down 7% to 1.3 Gt in 2022
Verified24India coal power CO2 up 6% to 1.2 Gt in 2022
Directional25Global HFC emissions from refrigeration grew 5% in 2022
Single source26Brazil’s deforestation-related energy emissions 0.4 Gt CO2 2022
VerifiedEmissions Interpretation
The world's carbon report card for 2022 shows a failing planet, with the global total still climbing thanks to coal's grim resurgence, even as a few honor students in the EU cut emissions while the biggest kid in class, China, remains responsible for nearly a third of the entire class's messy homework.
Prices
1Global average oil price Brent crude was $100.93 per barrel in 2022
Verified2Henry Hub natural gas spot price averaged $6.45/MMBtu in 2022 US
Verified3TTF European gas price peaked at €300/MWh in August 2022
Verified4JKM LNG Asia spot price averaged $29.80/MMBtu in 2022
Directional5Newcastle coal price reached $400/tonne in 2022 peak
Single source6API2 coal price averaged €250/tonne in 2022 Europe
Verified7Uranium spot price Ux averaged $52.70/lb U3O8 in 2022
Verified8Brent crude forward curve for 2023 averaged $82/bbl
Verified9US gasoline retail price averaged $3.95/gallon in 2022
Directional10Diesel retail price in Europe hit €2.20/litre mid-2022
Single source11Global LNG contract prices rose 60% to $18/MMBtu avg 2022
Verified12Thermal coal FOB Richards Bay averaged $210/tonne 2022
Verified13WTI crude oil price averaged $94.58/bbl in 2022
Verified14Japanese crude cocktail (JCC) averaged $105/bbl 2022
Directional15EU ETS carbon price peaked at €97/tCO2 in 2022
Single source16California carbon allowance price averaged $30/tCO2 2022
Verified17RBOB gasoline futures averaged $3.25/gal 2022 NYMEX
Verified18Natural gas futures NBP UK averaged £120/MWh 2022
Verified19South American soybean oil price for biodiesel feedstock $1,200/tonne 2022
Directional20Global lithium carbonate spot price surged to $80,000/tonne end-2022
Single source21Nickel LME price averaged $26,868/tonne 2022 for batteries
Verified22Copper price averaged $8,718/tonne LME 2022 for electrification
VerifiedPrices Interpretation
These dizzying prices paint a clear, costly picture: in 2022, the global energy market loudly demanded we invest in anything *other* than fossil fuels.
Production
1In 2022, global primary energy demand grew by 1% or 136 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with fossil fuels accounting for 80% of the increase
Verified2Saudi Arabia produced 10.7 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in 2023, leading global producers
Verified3The United States produced 19.4 million b/d of total petroleum liquids including biofuels in 2023
Verified4Russia’s natural gas production reached 616 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2022 despite sanctions
Directional5China’s coal production hit a record 4.33 billion tonnes in 2022
Single source6Global solar PV production capacity added 299 GW in 2022
Verified7Norway’s hydropower generation produced 137 TWh in 2022
Verified8Qatar’s LNG production was 77.5 million tonnes in 2022
Verified9India’s crude oil production was 772,000 b/d in FY 2022-23
Directional10Brazil’s oil production from pre-salt fields reached 2.4 million b/d in 2023
Single source11Global wind power capacity additions totaled 94 GW in 2022 onshore and offshore combined
Verified12Australia’s coal production was 432 million tonnes in 2022-23
Verified13Canada’s oil sands production contributed 3.3 million b/d in 2023
Verified14Iran’s natural gas production was 256 bcm in 2022
Directional15Germany’s electricity production from renewables reached 235 TWh in 2022
Single source16UAE’s crude oil production averaged 3.2 million b/d in 2023
Verified17Global bioenergy production was 59 EJ in 2021
Verified18Indonesia’s coal production totaled 659 million tonnes in 2022
Verified19US shale gas production hit 24.4 trillion cubic feet in 2023
Directional20Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam produced 5.16 TWh in its first year 2022
Single source21Global nuclear power generation was 2,658 TWh in 2022
Verified22Kazakhstan’s oil production was 1.8 million b/d in 2023
Verified23South Africa’s coal production declined to 226 million tonnes in 2022
Verified24Vietnam’s hydropower capacity produced 100 TWh in 2022
Directional25Global geothermal power generation was 92 TWh in 2021
Single source26Mexico’s oil production was 1.6 million b/d in 2023
Verified27Turkey’s lignite production was 78 million tonnes in 2022
Verified28Global hydrogen production from fossil fuels was 96 Mt in 2022 excluding own use
Verified29Colombia’s oil production reached 783,000 b/d in 2023
Directional30Global CSP solar thermal electricity generation was 14 TWh in 2022
Single sourceProduction Interpretation
The energy transition is picking up steam with record renewable growth, but the stubborn, smoky reality is that our global thirst is still overwhelmingly quenched by the old fossil gang, who are digging, pumping, and producing at a feverish pace to prove they're not going quietly into that good night.
Reserves
1World proved oil reserves totaled 1,732.4 billion barrels at end-2022
Verified2Venezuela holds the largest proved oil reserves at 303.8 billion barrels end-2022
Verified3Saudi Arabia’s proved oil reserves were 258.6 billion barrels end-2022
Verified4Russia’s proved oil reserves stood at 107.8 billion barrels end-2022
Directional5Canada’s oil sands reserves are estimated at 166.4 billion barrels end-2022
Single source6Iran’s proved oil reserves were 208.6 billion barrels end-2022
Verified7Iraq holds 145 billion barrels of proved oil reserves end-2022
Verified8UAE proved oil reserves at 111 billion barrels end-2022
Verified9Kuwait’s proved oil reserves were 101.5 billion barrels end-2022
Directional10Global proved natural gas reserves were 187 trillion cubic meters end-2022
Single source11Russia has the largest gas reserves at 38 trillion cubic meters end-2022
Verified12Iran’s natural gas reserves totaled 34 trillion cubic meters end-2022
Verified13Qatar’s proved gas reserves were 23.9 trillion cubic meters end-2022
Verified14Turkmenistan holds 11.4 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves end-2022
Directional15US proved gas reserves increased to 13.6 trillion cubic meters end-2022
Single source16Global proved coal reserves were 1,074 billion tonnes end-2022
Verified17US anthracite and bituminous coal reserves are 250 billion tonnes
Verified18Russia’s coal reserves totaled 162 billion tonnes end-2022
Verified19Australia’s recoverable coal reserves are 149 billion tonnes end-2022
Directional20China’s proved coal reserves were 143 billion tonnes end-2022
Single source21India’s coal reserves stand at 119 billion tonnes end-2022
Verified22Global uranium reserves (reasonably assured) totaled 6.1 million tonnes end-2021
Verified23Australia has 28% of global uranium reserves at 1.68 million tonnes
Verified24Kazakhstan’s uranium reserves are 815,000 tonnes end-2021
Directional25Canada’s uranium reserves total 593,000 tonnes end-2021
Single source26Global lithium reserves for batteries estimated at 98 million tonnes end-2023
Verified27Chile holds 9.3 million tonnes of lithium reserves end-2023
Verified28Australia’s lithium reserves are 6.2 million tonnes end-2023
Verified29Global rare earth reserves totaled 120 million tonnes end-2023
Directional30China dominates with 44 million tonnes of rare earth reserves end-2023
Single source31Brazil’s niobium reserves are 842 million tonnes, key for energy transition
VerifiedReserves Interpretation
The world's proven reserves show a fossil fuel party still raging in the basement, even as the invitations for the renewable energy soiree—complete with lithium cocktails and rare earth canapés—are finally being sent out.
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