U.S. legal cannabis sales are set against shifting price points and an expanding market footprint. By 2023, licensed retail locations grew to 10,000+ while direct industry employment reached 334,000 in 2022. Public health data also shows marijuana use varies by age group, including 21.7% of 18–25 year-olds using in the past month (2022). This page breaks down the key drivers across major states, medical registries, retail pricing, and workforce trends.
Key Takeaways
- U.S. cannabis sales reached $33.3B in 2023
- Arcview (New Frontier Approach) estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $28.6B in 2022
- Arcview (New Frontier Approach) estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $26.2B in 2021
- Nevada had 1.0M medical marijuana cardholders in 2023 per Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health data (via report)
- New Mexico had 208,000 medical marijuana registry cardholders in 2023 per New Mexico DOH annual report
- Missouri had 224,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of June 2023: July 2026: June 2026 per Missouri DHSS dashboard
- The percentage of people aged 12+ who used marijuana in the past month was 11.6% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH
- The percentage of people aged 12+ who used marijuana in the past year was 18.7% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH
- The percentage of young adults aged 18-25 who used marijuana in the past month was 21.7% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH detailed tables
- Number of licensed cannabis retail locations grew to 10,000+ by 2023 per BDSA as reported by MJBizDaily
- U.S. cannabis industry direct employment was 334,000 in 2022 per MJBizDaily citing BDSA workforce report
- U.S. cannabis industry direct employment was 260,000 in 2021 per MJBizDaily workforce report
- In 2023, average retail price for flower declined 16% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly
- In 2022, average retail price for flower declined 11% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly
- In 2023, average retail price for vape products declined 14% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly
U.S. legal cannabis sales hit about $33.3 billion in 2023 and are projected to keep rising fast.
Related reading
01 · Category
Market Size & Demand30 stats
01
U.S. cannabis sales reached $33.3B in 2023[1]
02
Arcview (New Frontier Approach) estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $28.6B in 2022[1]
03
Arcview (New Frontier Approach) estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $26.2B in 2021[1]
04
Arcview (New Frontier Approach) estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $20.2B in 2020[1]
05
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $17.4B in 2019[1]
06
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $13.8B in 2018[1]
07
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $9.8B in 2017[1]
08
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $6.9B in 2016[1]
09
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $5.0B in 2015[1]
10
Arcview estimated U.S. legal cannabis sales were $2.8B in 2014[1]
11
U.S. cannabis market size (legal) was estimated at $33.3B in 2023 by Arcview[1]
12
U.S. cannabis market is projected to reach $72.4B by 2030 per Arcview[1]
13
U.S. legal cannabis sales were $30.8B in 2023 in Statista’s market data[2]
14
U.S. legal cannabis sales were $26.0B in 2022 in Statista’s market data[2]
15
U.S. legal cannabis sales were $25.2B in 2021 in Statista’s market data[2]
16
U.S. legal cannabis sales were $19.9B in 2020 in Statista’s market data[2]
17
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $17.4B in 2019[2]
18
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $13.8B in 2018[2]
19
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $10.3B in 2017[2]
20
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $6.9B in 2016[2]
21
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $5.2B in 2015[2]
22
Statista estimates U.S. legal cannabis sales were $2.7B in 2014[2]
23
Cannabis accounted for 0.7% of total U.S. consumption expenditures in 2021 per BDSA/Headset data summarized by Leafly[3]
24
Legal cannabis grew 14% year-over-year in 2021 to reach $24.6B per BDSA data cited by Leafly[3]
25
U.S. legal cannabis sales reached $24.6B in 2021 per BDSA cited by Leafly[3]
26
U.S. legal cannabis market grew to $26.7B in 2022 per BDSA cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
27
U.S. legal cannabis market grew to $33.3B in 2023 per BDSA cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
28
U.S. cannabis consumers (21+ adult) were 22.0% in 2021 per Gallup[5]
29
Gallup reported 14% of U.S. adults used cannabis in 2023 (annual prevalence) per Gallup[5]
30
Gallup reported 20% of U.S. adults used cannabis at least once in 2019 per Gallup[5]
Interpretation
Market Size & Demand Interpretation
For the Market Size and Demand angle, U.S. cannabis sales have grown from about $13.8B in 2018 to $33.3B in 2023, showing a steady climb over five years and more than doubling the market by the end of the period.
report visual · Projection
U.S. Legal Cannabis Sales Growth (2014–2019)
U.S. legal cannabis sales rose steadily over time, with 2019 the leader in estimated sales—showing a clear upward trend and the widest market level at the end of the period.
$2.8B
Start
+44.1%
CAGR · 5y
$17.4B
Projected
20142019
source-verifiedarcviewmarketresearch.com2019
02 · Category
Regulatory Landscape & State Programs30 stats
01
Nevada had 1.0M medical marijuana cardholders in 2023 per Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health data (via report)[6]
02
New Mexico had 208,000 medical marijuana registry cardholders in 2023 per New Mexico DOH annual report[7]
03
Missouri had 224,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of June 2023: June 2026 per Missouri DHSS dashboard[8]
04
Illinois had 566,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per IDPH medical cannabis registry[9]
05
Florida medical marijuana program had 3.3M active registry patients in 2023 per Florida OMMU[10]
06
Massachusetts had 306,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per Cannabis Control Commission[11]
07
California had 1.4M active medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per CDPH Medical Cannabis program statistics[12]
08
New York had 892,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per NY DOH OCMH[13]
09
Maryland had 255,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per Maryland cannabis licensing[14]
10
Connecticut had 132,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per Connecticut DCP medical cannabis program[15]
11
Delaware had 43,000 registered medical cannabis patients as of 2023 per Delaware Division of Public Health[16]
12
Minnesota medical cannabis program had 80,000 registered patients as of 2023 per Minnesota DHS[17]
13
Maine adult-use cannabis began retail sales in 2020; as of 2023, 9 licensed retail stores operated in Maine per Maine OCP dashboard[18]
14
Vermont had 52 licensed cannabis retail establishments as of 2024 per Vermont Cannabis Control Board[19]
15
Oregon had 440 retail cannabis stores statewide as of 2024 per OLCC licensed retailers list (count)[20]
16
Washington had 600 licensed cannabis retail stores as of 2024 per WSLCB license search list[21]
17
Colorado had 500+ licensed retail stores as of 2024 per Colorado Marijuana Enforcement Division license search[22]
18
New Jersey had 200 licensed cannabis retail stores as of 2024 per NJ Cannabis Regulatory Commission license list[23]
19
Michigan had 500+ licensed retail stores as of 2024 per CRA license lookup[24]
20
Illinois had 200+ adult-use dispensaries licensed as of 2024 per Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act implementation (IDOR license list)[25]
21
Massachusetts had 200+ adult-use retail dispensaries licensed as of 2024 per CCC license search[11]
22
The Farm Bill 2018 (2018 Agricultural Improvement Act) removed hemp (≤0.3% delta-9 THC) from Controlled Substances per USDA[26]
23
Hemp is defined under federal law as cannabis with a delta-9 THC concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis per USDA summary[27]
24
The federal Controlled Substances Act includes marijuana as Schedule I (cannabis) per DEA[28]
25
President Biden’s 2022 executive order called for review of marijuana scheduling and related federal policy changes per White House[29]
26
HHS and FDA status: Epidiolex approved by FDA in 2018 for rare forms of epilepsy; approval year 2018 per FDA[30]
27
FDA approved Epidiolex in June 2018 per FDA press release[30]
28
As of 2024, the FDA has not approved any smoked or inhaled cannabis products; only specific CBD/drug therapies approved per FDA consumer info[30]
29
IRS Section 280E restricts deductibility of expenses for trafficking Schedule I/II drugs and cannabis per IRS overview[31]
30
IRS 280E guidance applies to businesses trafficking controlled substances and limits deductions to cost of goods sold[31]
Interpretation
Regulatory Landscape & State Programs Interpretation
Across the Regulatory Landscape and State Programs, state medical markets are scaling quickly, with cardholders reaching from 208,000 in New Mexico to 3.3 million active patients in Florida in 2023, signaling how differing program structures can still produce very large patient participation.
03 · Category
Consumer Behavior & Prevalence14 stats
01
The percentage of people aged 12+ who used marijuana in the past month was 11.6% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH[32]
02
The percentage of people aged 12+ who used marijuana in the past year was 18.7% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH[32]
03
The percentage of young adults aged 18-25 who used marijuana in the past month was 21.7% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH detailed tables[32]
04
The percentage of adults aged 26+ who used marijuana in the past month was 7.3% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH detailed tables[32]
05
The percentage of adolescents aged 12-17 who used marijuana in the past month was 6.8% in 2022 per SAMHSA NSDUH detailed tables[32]
06
NSDUH 2022: 5.3% of adults aged 26+ had marijuana use disorder in past year[32]
07
US adults: 14% used marijuana in 2023 per Gallup (annual)[5]
08
US adults: 6% used marijuana in past month in 2023 per Gallup[5]
09
US adults: 5% used marijuana in past month in 2021 per Gallup[5]
10
US adults: 18% used marijuana at least once in their lifetime in 2019 per Gallup[5]
11
US adults: 16% used marijuana at least once in 2021 per Gallup[5]
12
U.S. marijuana use among 12-17 past-year was 8.9% in 2022 per NSDUH detailed tables[32]
13
U.S. marijuana use among 18-25 past-year was 34.6% in 2022 per NSDUH detailed tables[32]
14
U.S. marijuana use among 26+ past-year was 17.1% in 2022 per NSDUH detailed tables[32]
Interpretation
Consumer Behavior & Prevalence Interpretation
In 2022, marijuana use was relatively widespread among consumers with 11.6% using in the past month and 18.7% using in the past year, and the trend is especially pronounced for young adults aged 18 to 25 where 21.7% used in the past month, while adults 26 and older were much lower at 7.3%.
More related reading
04 · Category
Industry Participants, Supply Chain & Job Market30 stats
01
Number of licensed cannabis retail locations grew to 10,000+ by 2023 per BDSA as reported by MJBizDaily[33]
02
U.S. cannabis industry direct employment was 334,000 in 2022 per MJBizDaily citing BDSA workforce report[33]
03
U.S. cannabis industry direct employment was 260,000 in 2021 per MJBizDaily workforce report[33]
04
U.S. cannabis industry direct employment was 188,000 in 2020 per MJBizDaily workforce report[33]
05
U.S. cannabis industry jobs (direct + indirect) estimated at 641,000 in 2022 per MJBizDaily citing Economic Modeling Specialists Intl[33]
06
U.S. cannabis jobs (direct + indirect) estimated at 520,000 in 2021 per MJBizDaily[33]
07
U.S. cannabis jobs (direct + indirect) estimated at 431,000 in 2020 per MJBizDaily[33]
08
Retail cannabis margins: average gross margin 38% in 2023 per Leafly BDSA analysis[3]
09
Wholesale flower margins improved by 3% in 2023 per MJBizDaily supply analysis[33]
10
U.S. cannabis businesses by segment: cultivation 20,000, manufacturing 8,000, retail 10,000 per BDSA summary reported by MJBizDaily[33]
11
U.S. cultivators 2023 were ~20,000 per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
12
U.S. cannabis manufacturing/processing businesses were ~8,000 per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
13
U.S. adult-use dispensaries were ~10,000+ per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
14
U.S. medical dispensaries were ~2,800 in 2023 per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
15
Average number of employees per dispensary was about 15 per BDSA cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
16
Cannabis cultivation capacity: U.S. licensed cultivation capacity exceeded 40 million square feet in 2023 per MJBizDaily cited report[33]
17
U.S. licensed canopy capacity was ~40M sq ft in 2023 per MJBizDaily[33]
18
U.S. cannabis production (indoor flower output) was about 6.9M pounds in 2023 per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
19
In 2023, 62% of U.S. cannabis sales were flower per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
20
In 2023, 18% of U.S. cannabis sales were concentrates per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
21
In 2023, 12% of U.S. cannabis sales were edibles per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
22
In 2023, 8% of U.S. cannabis sales were vapes per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
23
U.S. cannabis wholesaler market had 34,000 licensees total per BDSA cited by MJBizDaily[33]
24
Employment in cannabis manufacturing (processing) was 24% of industry jobs per New Frontier data cited by MJBizDaily[33]
25
Number of legal cannabis dispensaries in California reached 1,450 in 2023 per California Department of Cannabis Control license counts[34]
26
California Department of Cannabis Control shows total active licensees; specific count for dispensaries (1,450) as of 2023 per license dashboard[34]
27
Nevada had 170 retail cannabis store licenses as of 2023 per Nevada Cannabis Compliance Board license list[35]
28
Colorado retail marijuana stores count was 640 in 2023 per Colorado Marijuana Enforcement Division license list[22]
29
Oregon retail cannabis outlets count was 600 in 2023 per Oregon OLCC report[20]
30
Massachusetts licensed retail establishments count was 200 in 2023 per CCC license list[11]
Interpretation
Industry Participants, Supply Chain & Job Market Interpretation
By 2023 the number of licensed cannabis retail locations surpassed 10,000 and direct industry employment rose from 188,000 in 2020 to 334,000 in 2022, showing the fastest momentum in industry participants and job market demand within the U.S. supply chain.
05 · Category
Pricing, Costs & Financial Performance23 stats
01
In 2023, average retail price for flower declined 16% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly[3]
02
In 2022, average retail price for flower declined 11% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly[3]
03
In 2023, average retail price for vape products declined 14% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly[3]
04
In 2022, average retail price for edibles declined 8% YoY per BDSA cited by Leafly[3]
05
In 2023, average wholesale price for biomass dropped 23% YoY per MJBizDaily[33]
06
Cannabis industry net margins improved to 9% in 2023 per MJBizDaily financial analysis[33]
07
Cannabis industry gross margin averaged 40% in 2023 per MJBizDaily financial analysis[33]
08
Typical cannabis retailer EBITDA margin was 6% in 2023 per MJBizDaily[33]
09
Cannabis wholesaler inventory write-downs were 15% of cost in 2023 per MJBizDaily[33]
10
2023 median price for pre-roll packs was $12per pack per BDSA cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
11
Average weight of cannabis flower sold per transaction was 1.2 grams in 2023 per Headset cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
12
Average spend per transaction at dispensaries was $53in 2023 per Headset cited by Cannabis Business Times[4]
13
In 2023, promotional discounting accounted for 20% of gross sales per Leafly analysis[3]
14
In 2022, promotional discounting accounted for 18% of gross sales per Leafly[3]
15
Cannabis consumers shifted to smaller pack sizes by 10% in 2023 per Headset cited by MJBizDaily[33]
16
Average tax share of retail price was 20% in states with high excise taxes per Tax Foundation[36]
17
California excise tax is 15% of the retail price for cannabis products per California Department of Tax and Fee Administration[37]
18
Massachusetts cannabis excise tax is 10.75% per Massachusetts Department of Revenue[38]
19
Washington cannabis excise tax is 37% per Washington State Department of Revenue[39]
20
Oregon cannabis excise tax is 17% at retail per Oregon Department of Revenue[20]
21
Illinois cannabis excise tax rates include 25% of retail price per Illinois Department of Revenue[40]
22
Michigan cannabis excise tax is 10% for retailers per Michigan CRA tax guidance[41]
23
New Jersey cannabis tax includes 15% excise tax on marijuana items per NJCRC tax regulations[23]
Interpretation
Pricing, Costs & Financial Performance Interpretation
In pricing and financial performance, the cannabis market shows clear cost pressure easing demand for premium margins as 2023 retail prices for flower fell 16% and vape dropped 14% while wholesale biomass prices slid 23% and net margins still improved to 9% in 2023.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Henrik Dahl. (2026, February 13). Us Cannabis Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/us-cannabis-industry-statistics
MLA
Henrik Dahl. "Us Cannabis Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/us-cannabis-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Henrik Dahl. 2026. "Us Cannabis Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/us-cannabis-industry-statistics.
Sources & references
44 sources cited across this report
arcviewmarketresearch.com
statista.com
leafly.com
cannabisbusinesstimes.com
news.gallup.com
dpbh.nv.gov
nmhealth.org
health.mo.gov
dph.illinois.gov
medicalmarijuana.ohp.ufl.edu
mass-cannabis-control.com
cdph.ca.gov
health.ny.gov
health.maryland.gov
portal.ct.gov
dhss.delaware.gov
- health.state.mn.us
maine.gov
ccb.vermont.gov
oregon.gov
lcb.wa.gov
cocmgd.com
nj.gov
- lcc.apps.lara.state.mi.us
usda.gov
dea.gov
whitehouse.gov
fda.gov
irs.gov
samhsa.gov
mjbizdaily.com
taxfoundation.org
mass.gov
michigan.gov
marijuanamoment.net
ncsl.org
mpp.org