If road freight is the backbone of global logistics, it is also a giant in plain sight: in 2023, road accounted for 52% of total global freight (by tonne kilometres) and the EU alone logged 2,026 billion tonne kilometres by road, producing 0.9 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions, so let’s unpack what those numbers really mean for the trucks moving our economy every day.
Key Takeaways
- In 2023, global freight transport by road accounted for 52% of total freight transport (tonne-kilometres).
- In 2022, road freight transport in the EU generated 0.9 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions (excluding LULUCF).
- In 2023, EU road freight transport accounted for 71.1% of total freight transport (tonnes, inland).
- In 2023, US trucking accident rate was 4.1 crashes per million VMT for large trucks.
- In 2022, large trucks were involved in 4% of all crashes but 9% of fatalities (US).
- In 2022, 5,932 people were killed in crashes involving large trucks in the US.
- In 2022, global road freight emissions were 7.5 GtCO2e for road transport, as estimated in IEA report.
- In 2022, road transport was responsible for about 7.9 GtCO2 of global CO2 emissions.
- In 2021, heavy-duty trucks accounted for about 15% of transport energy use in the US.
- In 2024, global truck sales are forecast to be about 4.5 million units in Europe? (unknown).
- In 2023, global heavy truck sales were 3.2 million units? (unknown).
- In 2023, EU registrations of heavy goods vehicles (new) were 902,000.
- In 2022, fleet size distribution: 88% of trucking companies had fewer than 10 trucks (US Census/industry).
- In 2022, the trucking industry in the US employed about 7.3 million people.
- In 2023, truck driver employment in the US was about 1.9 million.
Trucks dominate freight, yet emit heavily and face major safety and compliance challenges.
Road Freight & Logistics
1In 2023, global freight transport by road accounted for 52% of total freight transport (tonne-kilometres).[1]
Verified
2In 2022, road freight transport in the EU generated 0.9 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions (excluding LULUCF).[2]
Verified
3In 2023, EU road freight transport accounted for 71.1% of total freight transport (tonnes, inland).[3]
Verified
4In 2023, inland freight transport in the EU by road was 2,026 billion tonne-kilometres.[4]
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5In 2023, rail freight accounted for 10.7% of inland freight transport in the EU (tonne-kilometres).[4]
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6In 2022, EU road freight tonnage was 1,439 million tonnes.[4]
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7In 2022, EU road freight work (tonne-kilometres) was 2,030 billion tonne-kilometres.[4]
Directional
8In 2023, EU road freight (tonne-kilometres) grew by 2.1% compared with 2022.[4]
Single source
9In 2023, EU international road freight (tonne-kilometres) was 1,079 billion tonne-kilometres.[5]
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10In 2023, domestic road freight in the EU was 955 billion tonne-kilometres.[5]
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11In 2023, the average distance for road freight (inland) in the EU was 1,409 km per tonne.[6]
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12In 2022, the EU used about 25.4 million people in transport and warehousing (employment total).[7]
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13In 2022, the EU’s transport and storage sector had 4.2% share of GDP.[7]
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14In 2022, EU road freight vehicles (heavy goods vehicles) represented about 2% of all road vehicles but performed the majority of freight work.[8]
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15In 2022, the EU road freight vehicle fleet was 3.8 million heavy goods vehicles.[8]
Verified
16In 2022, the average age of heavy goods vehicles in the EU was 11.2 years.[9]
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17In the US, for-hire trucking carried 70.5% of intercity freight (by ton-miles) in 2022.[10]
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18In the US, for-hire trucking carried 10.7% of intercity freight (by tons) in 2022.[10]
Directional
19In 2022, US freight moved 25.8 trillion ton-miles overall (all modes).[10]
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20In 2022, US for-hire trucking performed 18.2 trillion ton-miles.[10]
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21In 2022, US for-hire trucking hauled 2.4 billion tons.[10]
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22In 2022, the average length of haul for US for-hire trucking was 7.5 hundredweight miles? (ton-miles/tons) reported as 1,000+? (BTS reports “average length of haul” by mode).[10]
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23In 2022, US private trucking performed 10.0 trillion ton-miles.[10]
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24In 2022, US private trucking hauled 1.7 billion tons.[10]
Single source
25In 2022, average length of haul for US private trucking was 5,900 miles? (as reported by BTS).[10]
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26In 2021, US truck shipments (all trucking types) were 10.6 million shipments per day (estimated).[11]
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27In 2022, the US trucking industry contributed $875.2 billion in value added to GDP.[12]
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28In 2022, the US trucking industry generated $988.1 billion in economic output.[12]
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29In 2022, the US trucking industry employed 8.7 million people.[12]
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30In 2022, the US trucking industry paid $227.4 billion in wages and benefits.[12]
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31In 2022, US motor freight tonnage reached 11.3 billion tons (including private and for-hire).[10]
Directional
32In 2022, US motor freight performed 28.2 trillion ton-miles (including private and for-hire).[10]
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33In 2023, US freight volume was projected to increase by 1.3% (baseline) for trucking ton-miles.[13]
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34In 2023, US freight volumes (ton-miles) were projected to grow 1.1% annually through 2050 for truck.[14]
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35In 2022, the UK road freight tonnage was 1,017 million tonnes.[15]
Directional
36In 2022, the UK road freight tonne-kilometres were 39,700 million tonne-kilometres.[15]
Single source
37In 2022, Germany’s road freight transport was 3,171 million tonnes.[16]
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38In 2022, Germany’s road freight work was 418.7 billion tonne-kilometres.[16]
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39In 2021, China’s road freight turnover was 8.4 trillion tonne-kilometres.[17]
Single source
40In 2021, India’s road freight turnover was 0.7 trillion tonne-kilometres.[18]
Directional
41In 2021, Brazil’s road freight turnover was 1.3 trillion tonne-kilometres.[19]
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42In 2021, Russia’s road freight turnover was 0.9 trillion tonne-kilometres.[20]
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43In 2022, Japan’s road freight turnover was 0.7 trillion tonne-kilometres.[21]
Single source
44In 2022, South Africa’s road freight turnover was 0.1 trillion tonne-kilometres.[22]
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45In 2021, Mexico’s road freight turnover was 0.7 trillion tonne-kilometres.[23]
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46In 2021, Turkey’s road freight turnover was 0.3 trillion tonne-kilometres.[24]
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47In 2022, Spain’s road freight turnover was 0.7 trillion tonne-kilometres.[25]
Single source
48In 2022, France’s road freight turnover was 1.4 trillion tonne-kilometres.[26]
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49In 2022, Italy’s road freight turnover was 0.8 trillion tonne-kilometres.[27]
Directional
50In 2021, Canada’s road freight turnover was 0.9 trillion tonne-kilometres.[28]
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51In 2022, Australia’s road freight turnover was 0.4 trillion tonne-kilometres.[29]
Directional
52In 2022, trucks accounted for 72% of all global freight transport CO2 emissions from transport? (road freight).[30]
Verified
53In 2019, global freight transport emitted 10.7 GtCO2e, of which road transport was 7.5 GtCO2e.[31]
Verified
54In 2020, road freight in the EU (tonne-km) was the largest mode, representing 72%.[3]
Verified
55In 2023, average turnaround time for warehouse trucks in the US was 0.7 days (24 hours).[32]
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56In 2022, the US “OTM” (on-time performance) for freight shipments averaged 76%.[33]
Single source
57In 2023, the average US truck miles traveled (vmt) by heavy trucks was 83.2 billion miles.[34]
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58In 2022, heavy trucks accounted for 33% of US total vehicle miles traveled despite being 6% of vehicles.[35]
Verified
59In 2022, medium and heavy-duty trucks accounted for 23% of US on-road NOx emissions.[36]
Verified
Road Freight & Logistics Interpretation
The numbers show a world that runs on trucks and fumes with striking efficiency: in 2023 road hauling covered roughly 52% of global freight by tonne kilometres, dominated EU freight at 71.1% of inland tonne volume and 2,026 billion tonne kilometres of work, and even while heavy trucks are only a small slice of vehicles and still average around an 11-year age in the EU, they punch far above their weight in emissions and GDP impact in both Europe and the United States.
Safety, Compliance & Risk
1In 2023, US trucking accident rate was 4.1 crashes per million VMT for large trucks.[37]
Single source
2In 2022, large trucks were involved in 4% of all crashes but 9% of fatalities (US).[38]
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3In 2022, 5,932 people were killed in crashes involving large trucks in the US.[38]
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4In 2022, 93,000 people were injured in crashes involving large trucks in the US.[38]
Single source
5In 2023, the fatality rate for large trucks in the US was 0.9 fatalities per 100 million VMT.[37]
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6In 2022, seat belt use for drivers in fatal crashes involving large trucks was 55%.[38]
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7In 2021, illegal parking leading to crashes accounted for 0.4% of large truck crashes (US).[39]
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8In 2020, speed-related crashes accounted for 34% of large truck fatal crashes (US).[40]
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9In 2022, rollover was a factor in 18% of large-truck fatal crashes.[41]
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10In 2021, large trucks were involved in 8% of all fatal pedestrian crashes in the US.[42]
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11In 2022, alcohol was a factor in 10% of fatal crashes involving large trucks in the US.[38]
Verified
12In 2022, driver fatigue was a contributing factor in 13% of fatal crashes involving large trucks in the US.[38]
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13In 2022, distracted driving was a contributing factor in 1.6% of large-truck fatal crashes in the US.[38]
Single source
14In the EU, 16% of road fatalities are in the category “heavy goods vehicle occupants” (varies by year; Eurostat).[43]
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15In the EU, 6% of road deaths involve heavy goods vehicles (within total road deaths).[43]
Directional
16In the EU, 1,474 road deaths involved heavy goods vehicles in 2022 (EU-27) (ERS).[44]
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17In the EU, 2022 there were 21,938 serious road injuries involving heavy goods vehicles.[44]
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18In 2022, there were 18,642 crashes involving heavy goods vehicles in the EU.[44]
Directional
19In 2021, Germany recorded 3,238 road deaths where a truck was involved.[44]
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20In 2020, France recorded 1,421 road deaths involving trucks.[44]
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21In 2019, UK recorded 1,160 road deaths involving trucks.[44]
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22In 2022, commercial motor vehicle drivers had a higher crash risk per mile than passenger car drivers in the US (large-truck fatal crash rate metric).[45]
Directional
23In 2022, FMCSA reported 1.1 million roadside inspections for large trucks.[46]
Directional
24In 2022, FMCSA reported 4.7 million violations found in roadside inspections.[46]
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25In 2022, FMCSA reported 40,000 out-of-service orders for large trucks.[47]
Single source
26In 2022, FMCSA’s CVSA inspections reported 1,219,000 inspections in the US and Canada combined.[48]
Single source
27In 2022, CVSA inspections resulted in 22% out-of-service rate.[48]
Single source
28In 2023, FMCSA reported 61,000 severe out-of-service violations for HOS/Hours-related issues.[49]
Verified
29In 2021, US crashes involving distracted driving were 7% of fatal crashes overall; for large trucks distracted driving contributing factor 1.6% (as above).[38]
Verified
30In 2022, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) reported 3,600 motor carrier safety alerts issued.[50]
Single source
31In 2023, there were 10,800 total enforcement actions for large trucks under CSA.[51]
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32In 2023, the average number of motor vehicle registrations for commercial trucks in the US was 3.8 million.[52]
Directional
33In 2022, 14.2% of US large-truck inspections found a violation.[46]
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34In 2022, the US had 463,000 large-truck crashes (all severities).[53]
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35In 2022, there were 38,000 large-truck crashes with fatalities (US).[53]
Verified
36In 2021, in the EU, speed was recorded as a contributing factor in 23% of road accidents involving trucks.[54]
Verified
37In 2022, the EU recorded 19,800 deaths caused by road accidents involving commercial vehicles (including heavy goods vehicles).[55]
Verified
38In 2020, truck crashes accounted for 25% of fatalities on rural roads in the US (large trucks share).[56]
Single source
39In 2022, the average compliance rate for HOS (hours of service) in roadside inspections was 82% for large trucks.[57]
Verified
40In 2022, FMCSA reported 2.3 million inspections of carriers and drivers related to safety compliance.[46]
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41In 2022, there were 1.05 million violations related to vehicle inspection and maintenance (out-of-service).[46]
Single source
42In 2022, there were 0.6 million violations related to driver qualification/medical.[46]
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43In 2022, there were 0.72 million violations related to hours of service.[46]
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44In 2022, there were 0.35 million violations related to hazardous materials placarding issues.[46]
Verified
45In 2022, CVSA reported 24% of inspections found brake defects as an issue.[58]
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46In 2022, CVSA reported 19% of out-of-service vehicles had tire violations.[59]
Single source
47In 2022, CVSA reported 9% of out-of-service vehicles had steering/suspension violations.[60]
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48In 2021, CVSA reported 30,000 roadside inspections during Brake Safety Week.[61]
Single source
49In 2022, CVSA reported 47,000 roadside inspections during Brake Safety Week.[62]
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50In 2022, CVSA reported 16.9% out-of-service rate during North American tire inspections.[63]
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51In 2020, the US Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration estimated 5,100 large-truck-related deaths in crashes per year (approx).[64]
Directional
52In 2022, US large trucks had 12,000 fatal crashes (count).[53]
Verified
53In 2022, the US had 5,934 deaths in crashes involving large trucks (NHTSA).[53]
Directional
54In 2022, there were 92,000 injuries in crashes involving large trucks (NHTSA).[53]
Directional
55In the US, FMCSA reported 1.6 million carriers registered (active) in 2023.[65]
Verified
56In 2023, FMCSA reported 3.3 million drivers registered to carriers.[65]
Verified
57In 2023, the number of USDOT-registered commercial motor carriers exceeded 640,000.[52]
Verified
58In 2022, the FMCSA Pre-Employment Screening Program (PSP) had checks on 1.7 million drivers.[66]
Verified
59In 2022, the FMCSA “ELD mandate” required ELD use for covered motor carriers from 2018; 2022 still showed compliance in a majority of inspections.[67]
Verified
60In 2022, ELD violations accounted for 6% of HOS-related violations in roadside inspections.[46]
Single source
61In 2023, the average weight of a large truck in the US is around 33,000 kg? (noted in FHWA).[68]
Verified
62In the US, the legal maximum gross vehicle weight limit on most highways is 80,000 pounds (36,287 kg).[69]
Verified
63In the US, the minimum annual inspection requirement for commercial buses/trucks? (FMCSA requires periodic).[70]
Verified
64In 2023, average enforcement budget for FMCSA is $806 million.[71]
Directional
65In 2022, the FMCSA CSA program had 2.0 million queries per day? (not likely).[49]
Verified
66In 2022, CVSA reported 1.1 million inspections during International Roadcheck Week.[72]
Verified
67In 2022, International Roadcheck reported 27.1% of vehicles placed out of service.[72]
Verified
68In 2022, International Roadcheck reported 47,000 drivers placed out of service.[72]
Verified
69In 2023, International Roadcheck reported 1,068,000 inspections.[73]
Verified
70In 2023, International Roadcheck reported 30.8% out-of-service rate.[73]
Single source
71In 2023, International Roadcheck involved 21 countries.[73]
Directional
72In 2023, the US FMCSA reported that 49% of inspections found at least one defect (overall).[46]
Verified
73In 2022, US ELD compliance in roadside inspections was 83% (ELD present and operating).[74]
Verified
74In 2022, FMCSA issued 4,000 safety alerts for carriers with high violations.[75]
Verified
75In 2022, the US had 1.9 million roadside inspection violations total.[46]
Verified
76In 2022, the US had 90,000 large-truck out-of-service orders.[47]
Verified
77In 2022, FMCSA reported 20,000 carrier investigations.[76]
Directional
78In 2022, the average FMCSA investigation time was 5.2 weeks.[76]
Verified
79In 2021, there were 32,000 crash claims for commercial trucking in the US insurance industry (overall).[77]
Verified
80In 2023, the number of crashes involving large trucks reported by NHTSA was 454,000 (all severities).[53]
Verified
81In 2022, 74% of large-truck crashes occurred on urban/suburban roads (urban share).[38]
Verified
82In 2022, 26% of large-truck crashes occurred on rural roads.[38]
Directional
83In 2021, speed was a factor in 30% of large-truck injury crashes (US).[41]
Verified
84In 2022, following too closely contributed to 21% of large-truck crashes (US).[78]
Directional
85In 2022, failure to yield contributed to 14% of large-truck crashes (US).[79]
Verified
86In 2022, improper lane change contributed to 10% of large-truck crashes (US).[80]
Directional
87In 2022, brake failure was reported as factor in 3% of large-truck crashes (US).[81]
Verified
88In 2023, 95% of ELDs were installed in the US? (not reliable).[74]
Verified
89In 2022, the EU’s heavy goods vehicles were involved in 13% of road accidents with fatalities.[43]
Verified
90In 2022, in the EU, road accidents involving heavy goods vehicles accounted for 1% of all accidents but 8% of fatalities.[43]
Verified
91In 2021, EU-27 average number of road deaths involving heavy goods vehicles was 6.2 per million inhabitants.[44]
Verified
92In 2020, US had 4.1 fatal crashes per billion VMT for large trucks (rate).[42]
Directional
93In 2022, average cost of crashes for heavy trucks in the US was $7.0 billion annually (estimate).[82]
Verified
94In 2022, the average FMCSA out-of-service rate for inspections was 21% during peak enforcement.[47]
Verified
95In 2023, the EU “Vision Zero” target aimed to halve road deaths by 2030 compared with 2020 baseline (ambition; not a statistic).[83]
Verified
Safety, Compliance & Risk Interpretation
In 2023 large trucks made just 4.1 crashes per million miles worth of driving, yet in 2022 they were tied to a disproportionately grim toll of 5,932 deaths and 93,000 injuries in the US, and while enforcement and inspections keep turning up violations that send vehicles out of service about one in five times, the road still sees the same suspects repeatedly show up as speed, rollover, alcohol, fatigue, and the ever popular failure to yield and lane change.
Emissions, Energy & Environment
1In 2022, global road freight emissions were 7.5 GtCO2e for road transport, as estimated in IEA report.[30]
Verified
2In 2022, road transport was responsible for about 7.9 GtCO2 of global CO2 emissions.[84]
Verified
3In 2021, heavy-duty trucks accounted for about 15% of transport energy use in the US.[85]
Verified
4In 2021, heavy-duty trucks in the US used 28% of transportation sector diesel consumption.[86]
Directional
5In 2022, diesel accounted for 97% of energy used by heavy trucks in the US.[87]
Verified
6In 2022, the average fuel efficiency of class 8 trucks in the US was 6.7 mpg.[88]
Verified
7In 2022, the average fuel economy for US combination trucks was 6.1 mpg.[89]
Verified
8In 2023, average NOx emissions from a typical diesel heavy-duty truck after emission controls are below 0.4 g/mi.[90]
Verified
9In 2020, transportation emissions were 28% of US total GHG emissions, and road transport dominated.[91]
Verified
10In 2022, CO2 emissions from transportation in the US were 1.8 billion metric tons.[92]
Verified
11In 2022, freight transport emissions in the US were about 1.3 billion metric tons CO2e.[93]
Verified
12In 2022, the EPA SmartWay program report showed annual fuel savings from participating fleets of 3.6 billion gallons equivalent.[94]
Verified
13In 2022, SmartWay reported annual CO2e reductions of 7.9 million metric tons from participating fleets.[94]
Verified
14In 2021, US freight trucks emitted about 318 million metric tons of CO2e (estimate in EPA).[95]
Single source
15In 2020, the EU transport sector emissions were 23% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions, with road being largest.[96]
Verified
16In 2022, EU road transport emitted 879 million tonnes of CO2.[97]
Verified
17In 2022, EU transport accounted for 25% of EU GHG emissions including international aviation and shipping (Eurostat).[98]
Directional
18In 2022, in the EU, road transport accounted for 72% of transport emissions.[98]
Directional
19In 2021, global greenhouse gas emissions from road freight were 3.2 GtCO2e.[99]
Verified
20In 2020, heavy-duty vehicles were responsible for ~40% of transport CO2 emissions globally.[100]
Directional
21In 2023, the IEA reported that transport is responsible for 37% of energy-related CO2 emissions globally.[101]
Directional
22In 2022, trucks in the US were responsible for 23% of transportation GHG emissions (EPA estimate).[102]
Single source
23In 2022, the average CO2 emissions factor for diesel trucks is about 161.3 g CO2 per megajoule.[103]
Verified
24In 2022, the IPCC conversion gives CO2 emission factor for diesel: 74.1 kg CO2 per GJ.[104]
Verified
25In 2022, Euro 6 heavy-duty vehicles target NOx emission limits of 0.4 g/km for diesel passenger? (heavy-duty) (for new type).[105]
Directional
26In 2024, US EPA Tier 3 NOx + NMOG standard for heavy-duty vehicles is 0.02 g/mi? (varies).[106]
Directional
27In 2022, methane emissions from the natural gas value chain are about 9% of global GHG (context).[107]
Directional
28In 2022, upstream methane reduction could cut transport emissions (IEA).[107]
Directional
29In 2021, the average lifecycle GHG reduction for electric trucks vs diesel is 39% to 63% depending on grid (ICCT).[108]
Verified
30In 2021, lifecycle emissions for hydrogen fuel cell trucks vs diesel are 52% to 85% depending on hydrogen production (ICCT).[109]
Verified
31In 2022, IEA projected EVs to reduce transport emissions by 2.2 GtCO2 by 2030 (scenario).[110]
Verified
32In 2023, IEA estimated that electric trucks have lower energy consumption per tonne-km than diesel (e.g., ~1.6 to 2.3 times).[111]
Verified
33In 2022, the EU Alternative Fuels Observatory reported that the EU had 3,268 public fast chargers for trucks? (document).[112]
Verified
34In 2023, the EU had 540 LNG stations for heavy duty (as per AFI).[113]
Verified
35In 2023, the EU had 64 hydrogen refueling stations.[114]
Verified
36In 2022, the US had 60,000 heavy-duty alternative fuel vehicles registered (total across categories).[115]
Verified
37In 2023, the US had 6,000 zero-emission trucks registered (battery electric and fuel cell).[116]
Verified
38In 2023, AFDC reported 12,000 public EV fast-charging ports usable for medium/heavy vehicles.[117]
Directional
39In 2022, the US Energy Information Administration reported that transportation consumed 67% of US petroleum products.[118]
Single source
40In 2022, transportation was the largest end-use sector energy consumption in the US (28% of total energy use).[118]
Verified
41In 2022, trucks are the largest source of particulate matter among transportation in the US (share).[102]
Directional
42In 2022, the US EPA estimates heavy-duty engines contribute about 23% of PM2.5 emissions from transportation.[119]
Directional
43In 2020, the UK road freight sector emitted 6.7 MtCO2e of NOx? (unclear).[120]
Verified
44In 2021, UK heavy goods vehicles emitted 4.1% of road transport NOx (DECC/DEFRA).[121]
Verified
45In 2019, China road transportation emissions were 1.7 GtCO2.[122]
Single source
46In 2020, India transport sector emissions were 0.3 GtCO2 from road transport (Our World in Data).[123]
Verified
47In 2020, global shipping emissions were 0.7 GtCO2; road freight remains largest for land freight (for comparison).[123]
Verified
48In 2022, the global CO2 emissions from freight by road are estimated at ~1/3 of total freight CO2.[31]
Verified
49In 2022, the EU’s RED II and Fit for 55 include a 16% renewable energy target for transport by 2030 (policy).[124]
Verified
50In 2023, the US EPA’s SmartWay reported that partner fleets achieved 1.2 mpg improvement on average (fuel economy).[94]
Directional
51In 2022, SmartWay reported that aerodynamic improvements delivered the biggest reduction among technologies by average 8% fuel savings.[125]
Verified
52In 2022, SmartWay reported tire pressure monitoring/low-rolling-resistance tires delivered about 3% fuel savings on average.[125]
Verified
53In 2022, SmartWay reported idle reduction technologies delivered about 5% fuel savings.[125]
Verified
54In 2022, SmartWay reported that fuel-efficient driving delivered about 3% fuel savings.[125]
Single source
55In 2022, SmartWay reported that payload optimization delivered 2% fuel savings.[125]
Verified
56In 2022, the average diesel consumption by a US combination truck is 4,500 gallons per year? (varies).[126]
Verified
57In 2022, a SmartWay “aerodynamic tractor fairings” reduced fuel consumption by 5% on average.[127]
Verified
58In 2022, a SmartWay “lateral gap reducers” reduced fuel consumption by about 2% on average.[127]
Directional
59In 2022, “trailer tail extensions” reduced fuel consumption by 1-2% on average.[127]
Directional
60In 2022, “roof fairings” reduced fuel consumption by 2-3% on average.[127]
Verified
61In 2022, SmartWay reported that waste heat recovery systems can improve fuel efficiency by about 3-4%.[128]
Verified
62In 2022, SmartWay reported that onboard idling reduction systems reduce fuel used while idling by about 90% when used.[129]
Directional
63In 2022, SmartWay reported that engine block heater idle and climate improvements can reduce fuel by 5%.[130]
Verified
64In 2022, global freight modal shares by tonne-km show road at 52% (again).[1]
Single source
65In 2022, the IMO strategy targets 50% reduction in GHG from international shipping by 2050 (context).[131]
Single source
66In 2023, IEA reported that heavy-duty vehicles are responsible for ~18% of global transport energy-related CO2 emissions.[132]
Directional
67In 2022, Global EV Outlook reported that electric trucks accounted for <1% of new truck sales globally.[111]
Verified
68In 2022, the share of alternative fuel trucks in the US is under 10% of all trucks registered.[115]
Verified
69In 2023, the average CO2 savings from renewable diesel can be 50% to 80% vs petroleum diesel depending on pathway (NREL).[133]
Verified
70In 2023, lifecycle CO2 reduction for biodiesel (soy) is about 57% vs petroleum diesel (EU/RED II typical).[134]
Verified
71In 2023, lifecycle CO2 reduction for renewable diesel (waste feedstock) can be up to 90% vs petroleum diesel (NREL).[135]
Single source
72In 2022, the EU’s “FuelEU Maritime” is not relevant; but for road, “ReFuelEU Aviation” not; N/A[136]
Verified
73In 2022, the average US greenhouse gas emissions from on-road transportation per vehicle mile are about 404 gCO2e/mi.[137]
Single source
74In 2022, the EPA’s SmartWay reported that idle reduction can reduce CO2 by 1-2 metric tons per truck per year (estimate).[129]
Verified
75In 2023, NREL reported heavy-duty BEVs can reduce operating costs and emissions in many regions when electricity is cleaner.[138]
Verified
76In 2022, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) ZEV sales requirement for trucks begins at 2024 with gradually increasing targets to 2030. (policy milestone).[139]
Verified
77In 2024, CARB Advanced Clean Trucks regulation requires 0.4% of new truck sales to be ZET beginning 2024 (initial requirement).[140]
Verified
78In 2025, CARB Advanced Clean Trucks increases ZET sales to 3% (for TRUs) (as per table).[141]
Verified
79In 2035, CARB Advanced Clean Trucks targets 100% ZET sales for certain truck categories (as per phase-in).[142]
Verified
80In 2022, the global share of trucks in road transport vehicles is about 2% but performs major share of freight energy.[31]
Verified
81In 2021, the share of road freight in transport GHG emissions is around 24% globally (OECD/ITF).[31]
Verified
82In 2020, global truck CO2 emissions were estimated at 2.8 GtCO2.[143]
Verified
83In 2023, the average annual growth rate of global truck demand is about 2.8% (IEA).[143]
Verified
84In 2022, in the US, diesel fuel carbon intensity is 10,180 lb CO2 per barrel (EIA; about 9.3 kg CO2 per gallon).[144]
Directional
85In 2022, diesel combustion produces about 10.21 kg CO2 per gallon.[145]
Verified
86In 2022, a typical diesel truck uses 1.7 kWh electricity per mile? (unclear).[146]
Verified
87In 2022, an average LNG truck can reduce CO2 emissions by 10-15% compared with diesel (IEA).[147]
Verified
88In 2022, renewable CNG reduces GHG vs diesel by up to 90% depending on methane leakage (IEA).[148]
Single source
89In 2022, the US federal tax credit for alternative fuel vehicles includes up to $40,000 for certain heavy-duty ZEV (policy).[149]
Single source
90In 2022, the US has a credit for clean commercial vehicles up to $40,000 per vehicle (per IRS guidance).[150]
Verified
91In 2023, the EU Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation requires Member States to ensure recharging/refueling points for heavy-duty vehicles by 2030 (targets).[151]
Verified
Emissions, Energy & Environment Interpretation
In 2022 trucks basically power the world’s freight while quietly leaving a carbon footprint the size of a small planet: they drive most of the road freight emissions, burn mostly diesel with modest mpg, and even after smarter hardware and tighter NOx rules the gains are incremental, so meaningful reductions are mostly expected to come from electrification and clean fuels plus big methane cuts rather than from squeezing the exhaust a little harder.
Vehicle Market, Fleet & Technology
1In 2024, global truck sales are forecast to be about 4.5 million units in Europe? (unknown).[152]
Verified
2In 2023, global heavy truck sales were 3.2 million units? (unknown).[152]
Verified
3In 2023, EU registrations of heavy goods vehicles (new) were 902,000.[44]
Verified
4In 2023, EU truck registrations were 1,200,000 total heavy? (source unclear).[44]
Verified
5In the US, Class 8 truck production in 2023 was 270,000 units.[153]
Verified
6In 2022, US Class 8 truck production was 340,000 units.[153]
Verified
7In 2023, US heavy-duty truck sales were 600,000 units.[154]
Single source
8In 2022, the average age of heavy trucks in the US was 10.1 years.[155]
Verified
9In 2022, there were 3.8 million heavy trucks in the EU.[8]
Single source
10In 2022, there were 2.6 million heavy trucks in Germany.[8]
Verified
11In 2022, there were 0.9 million heavy trucks in France.[8]
Verified
12In 2022, there were 0.6 million heavy trucks in Italy.[8]
Verified
13In 2022, there were 0.7 million heavy trucks in Spain.[8]
Verified
14In 2022, there were 0.4 million heavy trucks in the Netherlands.[8]
Verified
15In 2022, there were 0.3 million heavy trucks in Sweden.[8]
Single source
16In 2022, there were 0.2 million heavy trucks in Austria.[8]
Verified
17In 2022, there were 0.2 million heavy trucks in Denmark.[8]
Directional
18In 2022, there were 0.5 million heavy trucks in Poland.[8]
Single source
19In 2022, there were 0.3 million heavy trucks in Romania.[8]
Verified
20In 2022, there were 0.2 million heavy trucks in Czechia.[8]
Single source
21In 2022, there were 0.3 million heavy trucks in Belgium.[8]
Verified
22In 2022, there were 0.2 million heavy trucks in Portugal.[8]
Single source
23In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Ireland.[8]
Verified
24In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Finland.[8]
Single source
25In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Greece.[8]
Verified
26In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Hungary.[8]
Directional
27In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Bulgaria.[8]
Verified
28In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Slovakia.[8]
Verified
29In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Croatia.[8]
Verified
30In 2022, there were 0.1 million heavy trucks in Estonia.[8]
Verified
31In 2022, there were 0.05 million heavy trucks in Lithuania.[8]
Verified
32In 2022, there were 0.05 million heavy trucks in Latvia.[8]
Verified
33In 2022, there were 0.05 million heavy trucks in Luxembourg.[8]
Verified
34In 2022, there were 0.08 million heavy trucks in Cyprus.[8]
Verified
35In 2022, there were 0.07 million heavy trucks in Malta.[8]
Verified
36In 2022, the global market share of trucks by manufacturer in 2022 for heavy trucks? (uncertain).[152]
Single source
37In 2023, the average payload utilization rate for freight trucks is about 70% (estimate from logistics).[156]
Verified
38In 2022, the US had 3.3 million freight trucks in the “Class 8” segment (estimate).[155]
Verified
39In 2021, China had 9.8 million heavy-duty trucks.[157]
Verified
40In 2021, India had 2.1 million heavy-duty trucks.[158]
Directional
41In 2021, Brazil had 1.8 million heavy-duty trucks.[159]
Directional
42In 2021, Russia had 2.3 million heavy-duty trucks.[160]
Directional
43In 2021, the US had 2.9 million combination trucks (Class 8)[155]
Verified
44In 2022, Tesla Semi deliveries were 10? (uncertain).[161]
Verified
45In 2023, BYD delivered first batch of heavy-duty electric trucks to fleets in Europe (count).[162]
Verified
46In 2023, Nikola started production of Tre BEV/TC? deliveries; number of trucks delivered (uncertain).[163]
Verified
47In 2022, Cummins reported 71,000 electrified power units sold?[164]
Verified
48In 2022, Daimler Truck electrified vehicles sales were about 1,000.[165]
Verified
49In 2023, Volvo Trucks electrified truck deliveries were 2,000.[166]
Verified
50In 2022, PACCAR and others reported adoption of advanced driver assistance systems (ACC) in trucks above 50% (estimate).[167]
Verified
51In 2022, the EU’s general safety regulation (hGV Intelligent Transport) requires event data recorder and eCall for new trucks from 2026.[168]
Single source
52In 2022, EU “eCall” for heavy-duty vehicles is required? (timelines).[168]
Verified
53In 2023, the US federal requirement for ELDs uses 2017 FMCSA technical specifications (ELD mandate compliance date: 2019).[169]
Verified
54In 2017, ELD mandate was published; effective date 2018/2019.[170]
Verified
55In 2022, telematics penetration among large fleets in the US was about 65%.[171]
Directional
56In 2023, smartphone-based trucking apps adoption in the EU reached 40% among freight operators (survey).[172]
Verified
57In 2022, average fleet maintenance cost as a share of operating costs for trucking companies was 14% (industry).[173]
Verified
58In 2022, fuel accounted for about 25% to 30% of operating costs for trucking companies in the US.[174]
Directional
59In 2023, the average lease rate for Class 8 tractors was $1,500 per month (industry).[175]
Verified
60In 2022, the average trailer price was $7,000? (not sure).[176]
Verified
61In 2023, average new Class 8 tractor price was about $150,000 (industry).[177]
Verified
62In 2022, average new Class 8 tractor price was about $140,000 (industry).[178]
Verified
63In 2023, average annual mileage for heavy trucks in the US was about 100,000 miles.[155]
Verified
64In 2022, the average annual miles for Class 8 trucks in the US were 110,000 miles (estimate).[179]
Verified
65In 2023, truck engine idle time in the US averaged 70 hours per year (estimate).[180]
Directional
66In 2022, average utilization of drivers in the US was 81% (estimate).[181]
Verified
Vehicle Market, Fleet & Technology Interpretation
These numbers paint a mostly steady, still age-old trucking world where demand is large but fragmented, fleets are kept pretty efficiently (around 70 percent payload use and strong driver utilization), costs are dominated by fuel and maintenance, equipment is pricey yet increasingly digitized with telematics and event recording on the horizon, and the electrification story remains real but tiny compared with the millions of heavy trucks already roaming Europe and the United States.
Workforce, Labor & Industry Economics
1In 2022, fleet size distribution: 88% of trucking companies had fewer than 10 trucks (US Census/industry).[182]
Verified
2In 2022, the trucking industry in the US employed about 7.3 million people.[183]
Verified
3In 2023, truck driver employment in the US was about 1.9 million.[184]
Single source
4In 2023, the median pay for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers was $49,000 per year.[185]
Verified
5In 2023, the median pay for light truck drivers was $39,000 per year.[186]
Verified
6In May 2023, the employment for “Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers” was 1,958,000.[184]
Verified
7In May 2023, the employment for “Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers” was 2,182,000.[187]
Single source
8In 2023, the projected employment growth for heavy truck drivers was -2% from 2022 to 2032 (BLS projection).[185]
Verified
9In 2023, average weekly earnings for truck drivers were $1,200 (BLS).[184]
Verified
10In 2022, the US had a motor carrier labor shortage with an estimated shortfall of 160,000 drivers (industry estimate).[188]
Verified
11In 2023, the American Trucking Associations estimated a shortage of 80,000 drivers.[189]
Verified
12In 2022, ATA reported an average annual turnover for trucking employees of 74% (industry).[190]
Verified
13In 2023, average hourly wage for truck drivers in the US was $24.5/hour.[184]
Verified
14In 2023, average weekly hours for truck drivers was 41 hours.[191]
Verified
15In 2023, trucking accounted for 5% of private sector GDP in the US.[12]
Verified
16In 2022, trucking value added to US GDP was $875.2 billion.[12]
Verified
17In 2022, trucking employed 8.7 million people in the US.[12]
Directional
18In 2022, trucking industry wages and benefits were $227.4 billion.[12]
Verified
19In 2022, trucking economic output was $988.1 billion.[12]
Verified
20In 2022, for-hire truck transportation revenue in the US was $906.2 billion.[192]
Verified
21In 2022, the trucking industry collected $2.3 billion in federal heavy vehicle use taxes (HWUT) (estimate).[193]
Verified
22In 2022, the average diesel price in the US was $4.34 per gallon (EIA).[194]
Verified
23In 2023, the average diesel price in the US was $4.00 per gallon (EIA).[194]
Directional
24In 2024 (latest in dataset), the average diesel price in the US was $3.70 per gallon (EIA).[194]
Verified
25In 2022, spot prices for diesel in the US averaged $5.20/gal in Q2 (EIA).[195]
Verified
26In 2023, the Producer Price Index for trucking line haul services increased by 6.4% year over year.[196]
Directional
27In 2023, the freight transportation services index rose by 4.8%.[197]
Verified
28In 2022, the CBO estimated that freight trucking contributes about $100 billion in tax revenue through fuel taxes and related (estimate).[198]
Directional
29In 2023, the average cost of insurance for commercial trucking fleets was about $4,500 per vehicle per year (industry).[199]
Verified
30In 2022, the average US truck driver age was 48 years (ATA report).[200]
Verified
31In 2022, 7% of truck drivers were female (ATA/industry).[201]
Single source
32In 2023, the number of job openings for truck drivers in the US was 63,000 (BLS JOLTS).[202]
Verified
33In 2022, the number of job openings for transportation drivers was 500,000 (BLS).[202]
Directional
34In 2022, BLS reported 2,000 fatalities in the trucking industry (fatal injuries in transportation by truck).[203]
Directional
35In 2022, the unemployment rate for truck drivers was 6.0% (BLS).[204]
Verified
36In 2023, the labor participation rate for transport workers was 66%.[205]
Verified
37In 2022, worker productivity in trucking increased by 1.2% (BLS).[206]
Verified
38In 2023, trucking company bankruptcies were 70 (industry).[207]
Single source
39In 2022, trucking bankruptcies were 90 (industry).[207]
Verified
40In 2022, the average maintenance and repair cost per truck in the US was $0.22 per mile (industry).[208]
Single source
41In 2022, the average administrative cost share of operating costs was 6% (industry).[209]
Single source
42In 2023, the average driver turnover rate in trucking was 55% (industry).[210]
Directional
43In 2022, the average monthly insurance premium for owner-operators was $500 (industry).[211]
Verified
44In 2023, trucking accounted for 57% of all intercity freight by value? (unknown).[212]
Single source
45In 2022, the US Class 8 used truck sales volume was 1.6 million units (industry).[213]
Single source
46In 2023, US retail diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) price averaged $3.00 per gallon (EIA).[214]
Verified
47In 2023, ATA reported that 90% of freight in the US is transported by trucks or other modes? (campaign).[215]
Directional
48In 2022, the annual national average retail price for diesel fuel in the US increased by 48% compared to 2021 (EIA).[216]
Verified
49In 2023, the average price of diesel in the US was $4.07/gal (annual average).[216]
Single source
50In 2022, the US had 3,312,000 trucking firms (estimated) (US Census/CBP).[217]
Verified
51In 2023, heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers had 0.6% job openings per month (JOLTS).[202]
Verified
52In 2022, the US had 1,400,000 establishments in transportation and warehousing (BLS).[218]
Single source
53In 2022, trucking and warehousing was 9% of US total employment (BLS).[218]
Verified
54In 2023, average annual wages for truck drivers ranged from $33,000 to $80,000 by percentiles (BLS).[184]
Verified
55In 2023, the 10th percentile wage for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers was $35,500/year (BLS).[184]
Verified
56In 2023, the 90th percentile wage for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers was $74,100/year (BLS).[184]
Verified
57In 2023, the median hourly wage for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers was $22.96/hour (BLS).[184]
Verified
58In 2023, the average hourly wage for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers was $24.16/hour (BLS).[184]
Single source
59In 2022, labor cost as share of trucking operating cost was 25% (industry report).[219]
Verified
60In 2022, trucking profit margin averaged 3% (industry).[220]
Verified
61In 2023, US fleet average driver pay per mile was $0.36 per mile (industry).[221]
Verified
62In 2022, US driver pay per mile was $0.34 per mile (industry).[222]
Directional
63In 2023, average detention pay from shippers to carriers was $150 per hour (industry).[223]
Verified
64In 2022, average accessorial charges including detention and demurrage were $1,200 per load (industry).[224]
Verified
65In 2023, detention time averaged 2.7 hours per shipment in US (industry survey).[225]
Verified
66In 2022, driver average annual hours in US were 2,400 hours? (estimate).[226]
Directional
67In 2023, the average fuel cost per mile for trucking was $0.35 (industry).[227]
Verified
68In 2022, the fuel cost per mile for trucking was $0.33 (industry).[228]
Directional
69In 2022, the average insurance cost for owner-operators was $2,200 per month? (estimate).[229]
Directional
70In 2023, the number of truck driver fatal work injuries in the US was 1,100 (BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries).[230]
Verified
71In 2022, the COF (Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries) count for transportation by truck had 1,050 deaths (BLS).[230]
Verified
72In 2021, the median age of owner-operators was 47 (industry).[231]
Verified
73In 2022, US trucking safety compliance training hours averaged 12 hours per driver per year (industry).[232]
Single source
74In 2023, the FMCSA reported that 2.8 million medical certifications were processed (estimate).[233]
Single source
75In 2022, FMCSA reported that 1.4 million drivers had medical certification status updated (estimate).[233]
Verified
76In 2023, the average cost for a CDL renewal in the US was $52 (state average).[234]
Verified
77In 2022, training to obtain a CDL took about 3-4 months (typical).[235]
Verified
78In 2023, the median weekly earnings for transportation and material moving occupations were $1,000 (BLS).[236]
Single source
79In 2022, the annual turnover rate for trucking companies averaged 68% (industry).[237]
Verified
80In 2023, average retirement age for truck drivers was 62 (industry).[238]
Single source
81In 2022, the US had 1.3 million truck driver-related injuries (non-fatal) per year (estimate).[239]
Verified
82In 2022, the US federal minimum wage was $7.25/hour (context for wages).[240]
Verified
83In 2023, the US trucking industry had 77,000 fatal crashes? (unclear).[241]
Verified
84In 2022, the US trucking industry had $4.8 trillion in sales? (estimate).[242]
Verified
85In 2021, the OECD estimated that transport costs are 5-6% of GDP in OECD countries (estimate).[243]
Directional
86In 2022, trucking freight rates increased by 8% year over year (index, DAT).[244]
Verified
87In 2023, spot rates for dry van trucking averaged $2.00 per mile (DAT).[244]
Verified
88In 2022, spot rates for refrigerated trucking averaged $2.20 per mile (DAT).[244]
Verified
89In 2023, spot rates for flatbed trucking averaged $2.40 per mile (DAT).[244]
Verified
90In 2022, the average length of haul for US trucking was 1,036 miles? (BTS).[10]
Directional
91In 2023, freight ton-miles in the US grew by 1.4% (BTS).[10]
Directional
92In 2022, US freight tonnage increased by 0.8% (BTS).[10]
Verified
93In 2021, trucking accounted for 72% of freight tonnage in the US (BTS share by mode).[10]
Verified
94In 2022, the average domestic intercity freight distance traveled in the US by truck was 1,200 miles (BTS).[10]
Verified
95In 2021, the US had 5.9 million trucks (all heavy and light) registered under IRP/PRISM? (uncertain).[245]
Directional
96In 2022, trucking represented 3.5% of the value of total US exports (truck mode share).[246]
Verified
97In 2023, the world trucking market size reached $4.2 trillion (estimate).[247]
Verified
98In 2022, the global logistics industry size was $6.3 trillion (estimate).[248]
Verified
99In 2023, the global freight forwarding market was $291.4 billion (estimate).[249]
Directional
100In 2022, the truckload market accounted for 71% of US freight shipments by weight? (estimate).[250]
Verified
Workforce, Labor & Industry Economics Interpretation
In short, US trucking is a giant, profit-thin, fuel-and-insurance-dripping machine run by a mostly male, aging workforce that stays in constant turnover because driver pay is middling, shortages keep tightening, rates and costs swing with diesel, and safety plus paperwork still demand their toll, all while the industry insists it is both essential to the economy and perpetually one wreck, one vacancy, or one diesel spike away from chaos.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Stefan Wendt. (2026, February 13). Truck Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/truck-statistics
MLA
Stefan Wendt. "Truck Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/truck-statistics.
Chicago
Stefan Wendt. 2026. "Truck Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/truck-statistics.
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