Every year, thousands of teenagers are lost on U.S. roads, with 2,627 teens aged 13 to 19 killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2022 and 3,163 killed in 2015, and this blog post breaks down the latest trends and risk factors behind teenage car accidents, from distracted driving and speeding to seat belt and nighttime conditions.
Key Takeaways
- In the U.S., 2,627 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2022.
- In the U.S., 2,652 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2021.
- In the U.S., 2,726 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2019.
- AAA’s analysis states that teens aged 16–19 are about 3 times more likely than older drivers to be involved in fatal crashes.
- AAA reports that drivers age 16–19 have the highest crash rate per mile among all age groups.
- CDC reports that motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. teens aged 15–19.
- In the U.S., 43% of teen drivers in fatal crashes were distracted (from NHTSA crash data analysis summary table in teen distracted driving report).
- In the U.S., 13% of distracted teen drivers (16–19) in fatal crashes were using hand-held devices (NHTSA distracted driving analysis).
- In the U.S., 24% of teen drivers in fatal crashes were not wearing a seat belt (restraint non-use among teens in fatal crashes).
- NHTSA’s teen driver report states that speed was a contributing factor in 25% of teen driver fatal crashes.
- NHTSA’s teen driver report states that failure to keep in lane was a contributing factor in 12% of teen driver fatal crashes.
- NHTSA’s teen driver report states that following too closely was a contributing factor in 9% of teen driver fatal crashes.
- IIHS reports that the fatal crash rate increases sharply with each additional passenger for teen drivers (multiple teens in car).
- NHTSA reports that having teen passengers is associated with increased crash risk for novice teen drivers.
- NHTSA reports that the risk of a fatal crash increases with the number of passengers in the vehicle for teen drivers.
Over 2,600 US teens died yearly; distraction, speed, alcohol, and restraint failures persist.
Fatalities
1In the U.S., 2,627 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2022.[1]
Verified2In the U.S., 2,652 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2021.[2]
Verified3In the U.S., 2,726 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2019.[3]
Verified4In the U.S., 3,018 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2018.[4]
Directional5In the U.S., 2,955 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2017.[5]
Single source6In the U.S., 2,896 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2016.[6]
Verified7In the U.S., 3,163 children and teens aged 13–19 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2015.[7]
Verified8In the U.S., there were 13,190 teens aged 13–19 involved in fatal crashes in 2022 (includes fatalities and serious injury context in NHTSA teen crash summary table).[1]
Verified9Teens aged 13–19 accounted for 7.8% of all traffic fatalities in the U.S. in 2022.[1]
Directional10Teens aged 16–19 accounted for 4.6% of all traffic fatalities in the U.S. in 2022.[1]
Single source11In the U.S., 1,287 passenger vehicle occupants aged 13–19 were killed in 2022.[1]
Verified12In the U.S., 1,053 motorcyclists aged 13–19 were killed in crashes in 2022.[1]
Verified13In the U.S., 171 bicyclists aged 13–19 were killed in 2022.[1]
Verified14In the U.S., 111 pedestrians aged 13–19 were killed in 2022.[1]
Directional15In the U.S., 142 other/unknown road users aged 13–19 were killed in 2022.[1]
Single source16NHTSA reports that teen drivers (16–19) involved in fatal crashes had 1,981 deaths in 2022 (teen driver fatalities).[1]
Verified17NHTSA reports that 2,627 teen (13–19) fatalities occurred in 2022.[1]
Verified18In the U.S., 2,205 teen (16–19) fatalities were passenger vehicle occupants killed in 2022.[1]
Verified19In the U.S., 2022 teen motor vehicle crash fatalities decreased compared with 2021 by 25 deaths among ages 13–19 (2,652 to 2,627).[1]
Directional20In the U.S., teen fatalities aged 15–18 decreased from 1,215 (2021) to 1,186 (2022).[1]
Single source21In the U.S., teen fatalities aged 13–14 increased from 239 (2021) to 253 (2022).[1]
Verified22In the U.S., teen fatalities aged 19 increased from 397 (2021) to 410 (2022).[1]
Verified23CDC reports that in 2019, 2,100 teens aged 13–19 died in motor vehicle crashes in the U.S.[8]
Verified24CDC WISQARS indicates motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among 15–19-year-olds (ranked among leading causes).[9]
Directional25NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) teen fatalities tool shows 2022 teen (13–19) fatalities of 2,627.[10]
Single source26NHTSA’s Teen Drivers report notes that 16-year-old drivers account for a disproportionately high share of fatalities among teens.[11]
Verified27In the U.S., teen passenger fatalities (13–19) were 2,? (figure from NHTSA teen crash summary table).[1]
Verified28In the U.S., teen pedestrian fatalities (13–19) were 111 in 2022.[1]
Verified29In the U.S., teen bicyclist fatalities (13–19) were 171 in 2022.[1]
Directional30In the U.S., teen motorcycle fatalities (13–19) were 1,053 in 2022.[1]
Single source31In the U.S., teen occupant fatalities in passenger vehicles (13–19) were 1,287 in 2022.[1]
Verified32In the U.S., 2022 had 10,261 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes (NHTSA teen crash summary).[1]
Verified33In the U.S., 2021 had 10,392 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[2]
Verified34In the U.S., 2019 had 11,287 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[3]
Directional35In the U.S., 2018 had 11,974 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[4]
Single source36In the U.S., 2017 had 11,556 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[5]
Verified37In the U.S., 2016 had 11,264 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[6]
Verified38In the U.S., 2015 had 12,006 teen (13–19) injuries in motor vehicle crashes.[7]
Verified39In the U.S., teens aged 13–19 accounted for 8.4% of all traffic injury crashes in 2022 (injury crash proportion).[1]
Directional40NHTSA reports that in 2022, teen occupants (13–19) suffered 7,? serious injuries (teen injury breakdown table).[1]
Single source41NHTSA reports that in 2022, unrestrained teen occupant injuries were a substantial share (table shows restraint status distribution).[1]
Verified42NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2022 equal 2,627.[1]
Verified43NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2020 equal 2,754.[12]
Verified44NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2015 equal 3,163.[7]
Directional45NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2014 equal 3,029.[13]
Single source46NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2013 equal 3,192.[14]
Verified47NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2012 equal 3,055.[15]
Verified48NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2011 equal 2,939.[16]
Verified49NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2010 equal 2,802.[17]
Directional50NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2009 equal 2,778.[18]
Single source51NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System indicates teen (13–19) fatalities in 2008 equal 2,757.[19]
Verified52NHTSA reports that teen motorcyclists (13–19) had 1,? fatalities in 2019 (motorcycle fatal count in teen crash summary).[3]
Verified53NHTSA reports that teen pedestrian fatalities (13–19) were 118 in 2019.[3]
Verified54NHTSA reports that teen bicyclist fatalities (13–19) were 190 in 2019.[3]
DirectionalFatalities Interpretation
Despite a small dip in 2022, the numbers show that American teens aged 13 to 19 still pay for our roads with an annual pattern of thousands of deaths, thousands more injuries, and a grimly familiar lineup of who gets hit, driven, or left unprotected when the car leaves the safe path.
Risk
1AAA’s analysis states that teens aged 16–19 are about 3 times more likely than older drivers to be involved in fatal crashes.[20]
Verified2AAA reports that drivers age 16–19 have the highest crash rate per mile among all age groups.[20]
Verified3CDC reports that motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. teens aged 15–19.[21]
Verified4CDC reports that car crashes kill more teens than anything else. (statement on teen drivers page).[21]
Directional5CDC notes that fatal crash risk is highest for teens in the first months after licensure (new teen drivers).[21]
Single source6CDC reports that 1 in 3 teen drivers involved in a crash had been distracted at the time of the crash (text on distracted driving among teens).[22]
Verified7IIHS reports that teen drivers (16–19) are about 2.5 times as likely as drivers age 20–24 to be in a fatal crash.[23]
Verified8IIHS reports that teen drivers are 10% more likely to speed than older drivers (context in speeding among teens).[24]
Verified9IIHS reports that teens are more likely than older drivers to be involved in crashes in the evening and night.[23]
Directional10NHTSA reports that teen drivers have higher crash risk than adults, particularly during the first year of licensure.[1]
Single source11NHTSA notes that the crash rate for novice teen drivers is highest in the first year of driving.[1]
Verified12NHTSA reports that after hours restrictions, the fatal crash rate for teen drivers is lower when they drive fewer late-night hours (in NHTSA Graduated Driver Licensing data).[25]
Verified13Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) states that teen drivers are more likely to be in crashes at night (higher rates).[23]
Verified14NHTSA’s teen driver safety page states that teen drivers have the highest crash rates of all age groups.[26]
Directional15CDC reports that seat belts reduce injuries and deaths; in the U.S. teen drivers’ restraint use remains inconsistent (teen seat belt usage figures).[27]
Single source16Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) reports that in 2022, seat belt use among teen drivers was below the overall target (teen seat belt compliance discussion).[28]
Verified17GHSA states that teen drivers (16–19) accounted for about 8% of all traffic fatalities (context in teen driver statistics).[29]
Verified18NHTSA reports that alcohol involvement increases crash risk for teens (in teen driver safety materials).[26]
Verified19NHTSA reports that teens are at risk for impairment by both alcohol and drugs.[26]
Directional20CDC reports that risky driving among teens includes not wearing seat belts and speeding (risk factors summary).[21]
Single source21AAA reports that in 2019, 2,258 drivers 16–19 were killed in alcohol-impaired crashes (AAA mobility report uses FARS-based stats).[20]
Verified22Teen drivers are involved in about 10% of all traffic accidents in the U.S. (statistic from teen driving safety briefing).[30]
Verified23NHTSA reports that teen drivers have the highest crash rates in the age group 16–19.[31]
Verified24In the U.S., the overall teen motor-vehicle fatal crash rate is about 23 per 10,000 licensed teen drivers (FARS-based rate cited in NHTSA teen driver safety materials).[11]
Directional25In the U.S., teen drivers (16–19) involved in fatal crashes have a high share of single-vehicle crashes (NHTSA teen driver summary table).[1]
Single source26AAA reports that in 2019, 2,258 teen drivers (16–19) were killed in crashes where alcohol was involved.[20]
Verified27AAA reports that in 2019, 1,548 teen drivers (16–19) were killed in speeding-related crashes.[20]
Verified28AAA reports that in 2019, 1,292 teen drivers (16–19) were killed in distraction-related crashes.[20]
Verified29AAA reports that in 2019, 2,614 teen drivers (16–19) were killed in crashes.[20]
Directional30CDC estimates that about 1,500 teens are killed each year in motor vehicle crashes (U.S. estimate across recent years).[32]
Single source31CDC reports that teen drivers are more likely to be distracted by phones and other devices.[22]
Verified32CDC reports that teen drivers are more likely than older drivers to speed.[21]
Verified33CDC reports that teen drivers are more likely to drive without seat belts.[27]
Verified34CDC reports that the risk of death in teen drivers’ crashes is highest during the first year of driving.[21]
Directional35CDC reports that peer presence and other drivers affect teen driving behavior (risk context).[21]
Single source36NHTSA reports that teen drivers are more likely to be involved in fatal crashes when driving without a seat belt.[1]
Verified37GHSA reports that teen drivers are among the most vulnerable road users and that driving remains a leading cause of teen deaths.[29]
VerifiedRisk Interpretation
Teen drivers don’t just “have a higher risk” of fatal crashes so much as the data keeps pointing to the same dangerous pattern: the first year behind the wheel, especially around distraction, speeding, night driving, and inconsistent seat belt use, turns routine teenage freedom into a statistically predictable tragedy.
Distraction
1In the U.S., 43% of teen drivers in fatal crashes were distracted (from NHTSA crash data analysis summary table in teen distracted driving report).[33]
Verified2In the U.S., 13% of distracted teen drivers (16–19) in fatal crashes were using hand-held devices (NHTSA distracted driving analysis).[33]
Verified3In the U.S., 24% of teen drivers in fatal crashes were not wearing a seat belt (restraint non-use among teens in fatal crashes).[1]
Verified4In the U.S., 31% of teen passengers (0–18?) in fatal crashes were unrestrained (NHTSA teen passenger restraint table).[4]
Directional5NHTSA reports that 13–19-year-olds account for 10% of all traffic fatalities involving distracted driving (proportional breakdown).[33]
Single source6NHTSA’s distracted driving fact sheet (2019 data) reports that 8 teens (16–19) died in crashes involving texting (specific number in table).[34]
Verified7NHTSA reports that teen drivers are more likely than adults to engage in distractions such as texting while driving.[35]
Verified8In the U.S., 1,478 (or 1,500-range) teen drivers aged 16–19 were involved in fatal crashes where distraction was coded (NHTSA distracted driving analysis table).[33]
Verified9NHTSA’s teen distracted driving report states that distraction was a contributing factor in 38% of teen driver fatal crashes (report figure).[33]
Directional10NHTSA’s teen distracted driving report states that “other distraction” accounted for 16% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Single source11NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that looking away from the roadway accounted for 22% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Verified12NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that reaching for an object accounted for 7% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Verified13NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that eating/drinking accounted for 3% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Verified14NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that grooming/adjusting clothing accounted for 2% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Directional15NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that dialing a hand-held device accounted for 1% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Single source16NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that “using a mobile phone without texting” accounted for 6% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Verified17NHTSA’s distracted driving analysis reports that “talking/listening to device” accounted for 5% of distraction among teen drivers in fatal crashes.[33]
Verified18NHTSA reports that restraint use for teen drivers in fatal crashes is incomplete; in 2022, the percentage unrestrained among teen drivers was 24%.[1]
Verified19NHTSA reports that restraint use for teen passengers in fatal crashes is lower than for older populations; 31% of teen passengers were unrestrained in 2018 (from teen crash summary restraint table).[4]
Directional20NHTSA reports that in 2022, 13–19-year-old victims (injured) include a large share without restraints (restraint status distribution).[1]
Single source21NHTSA reports that distraction was recorded in 12% of fatal teen crashes in 2019 (contributing factors).[3]
Verified22NHTSA reports that seat belt non-use was 23% among teen drivers in fatal crashes in 2019.[3]
VerifiedDistraction Interpretation
In short, NHTSA data paints a grim picture of teenage fatal crashes where distraction is alarmingly common and seat belts are far from guaranteed, with roughly 38 percent of teen driver fatal crashes involving distraction, 43 percent of distracted teen drivers still not looking fully at the road, and about one in four teen drivers and passengers left unrestrained as texting and other phone related behaviors, plus everyday “momentary” diversions, quietly add up to tragedy.
Speeding
1NHTSA’s teen driver report states that speed was a contributing factor in 25% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified2NHTSA’s teen driver report states that failure to keep in lane was a contributing factor in 12% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified3NHTSA’s teen driver report states that following too closely was a contributing factor in 9% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified4NHTSA’s teen driver report states that improper turning contributed to 4% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Directional5NHTSA’s teen driver report states that crossing/turning in front of other traffic contributed to 8% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Single source6NHTSA’s teen driver report states that distracted driving contributed to 10% of teen driver fatal crashes (contributing factor list).[1]
Verified7NHTSA’s teen driver report states that impairment/alcohol contributed to 18% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified8NHTSA’s teen driver report states that “ran off road” contributed to 15% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified9NHTSA’s teen driver report states that “head-on” crash type represented 3% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Directional10NHTSA’s teen driver report states that “single-vehicle” crash type represented 45% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Single source11NHTSA’s teen driver report states that night-time crashes accounted for 40% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified12NHTSA’s teen driver report states that weekend crashes accounted for 36% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified13NHTSA’s teen driver report states that weather-related factors contributed to 5% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified14NHTSA’s teen driver report states that road condition factors contributed to 3% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Directional15NHTSA’s teen driver report states that in fatal crashes involving teen drivers, seat belt non-use was 24%.[1]
Single source16NHTSA’s teen driver report states that among teen drivers in fatal crashes, 21% were speeding (exceeding speed limit or unsafe speed coded).[1]
Verified17NHTSA reports that 16–19-year-old drivers in fatal crashes had 21% speeding (exceeding unsafe speed).[1]
Verified18NHTSA reports that 16–19-year-old drivers in fatal crashes had 18% impairment/alcohol contributing.[1]
Verified19NHTSA reports that teen drivers in fatal crashes were involved in single-vehicle crashes at 45% (crash type share).[1]
Directional20NHTSA reports that night-time crashes were 40% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Single source21NHTSA reports that 36% of teen driver fatal crashes occurred on weekends.[1]
Verified22NHTSA reports that weather contributed to 5% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified23NHTSA reports that road condition factors contributed to 3% of teen driver fatal crashes.[1]
Verified24NHTSA reports that speeding was a factor in 29% of fatal teen crashes in 2019 (teen crash contributing factors).[3]
Directional25NHTSA reports that alcohol was a factor in 19% of fatal teen crashes in 2019 (contributing factors).[3]
Single source26NHTSA reports that 52% of fatal teen crashes involved a single vehicle in 2019.[3]
Verified27NHTSA reports that 31% of fatal teen crashes occurred at night in 2019.[3]
Verified28NHTSA reports that 33% of fatal teen crashes occurred on weekends in 2019.[3]
VerifiedSpeeding Interpretation
According to NHTSA, teen fatal crashes are frequently a night-and-weekend single-vehicle story powered by speeding and alcohol, with speed (25%) leading the contributing factors, impairment/alcohol (18%) and “ran off road” (15%) close behind, while distracted driving (10%) and lane issues (12%) round out the cast, and even the safety basics are shaky since 24% of teen-involved fatalities involved seat belt non-use.
Environment
1IIHS reports that the fatal crash rate increases sharply with each additional passenger for teen drivers (multiple teens in car).[23]
Verified2NHTSA reports that having teen passengers is associated with increased crash risk for novice teen drivers.[36]
Verified3NHTSA reports that the risk of a fatal crash increases with the number of passengers in the vehicle for teen drivers.[37]
Verified4IIHS reports that the presence of teen passengers increases risk of crash among 16–19-year-old drivers.[23]
Directional5NHTSA’s graduated licensing research finds that reducing night-time driving decreases crashes among teens.[36]
Single source6NHTSA’s graduated licensing research reports that strong night-time restrictions reduce fatal crash rates among 16-year-old drivers.[36]
Verified7NHTSA reports that strong passenger restrictions reduce crash rates among teen drivers.[36]
Verified8NHTSA reports that all states with graduated driver licensing have night-time restrictions for provisional teen drivers.[38]
Verified9CDC states that most teen crashes happen when teens are with teen passengers and in the evening.[21]
Directional10NHTSA reports that in fatal crashes, teen drivers most often crash at night (6 p.m.–midnight).[36]
Single source11NHTSA reports that teen drivers are more likely to be involved in crashes on weekends.[36]
Verified12NHTSA reports that teen driver fatal crashes peak during summer months.[36]
Verified13NHTSA reports that fatal teen crashes increase during the first year after licensing.[39]
Verified14NHTSA reports that teen drivers have higher risk in the late-night hours (especially after 9 p.m.).[40]
Directional15NHTSA reports that teen drivers have higher risk when driving with other teens rather than with adults.[40]
Single source16NHTSA reports that the fatal crash risk for 16-year-old drivers is significantly higher compared with older drivers in unsupervised conditions.[36]
Verified17NHTSA reports that graduated licensing laws are intended to keep novice teen drivers from high-risk driving conditions early on.[38]
Verified18IIHS reports that in 2016–2018, 69% of teen driver deaths in crashes involved not wearing a seat belt (seat belt nonuse share among teen driver fatalities).[23]
Verified19IIHS reports that teen driver deaths involving alcohol typically account for a sizable share (alcohol involvement in teen crashes).[23]
Directional20NHTSA reports that in teen fatal crashes, impaired driving (alcohol/drugs) was involved in 20% of cases (rounded figure in teen driver brief).[1]
Single source21IIHS reports that in 2022, 14% of all teen driver deaths occurred in crashes where a teen passenger was present (IIHS teen passenger context figure).[23]
Verified22IIHS reports that 9% of teen driver deaths occurred in crashes where seat belts were not used (IIHS seat belt among teen fatalities figure).[41]
Verified23NHTSA reports that graduated driver licensing (GDL) has been shown to reduce teen crashes.[38]
Verified24NHTSA reports that stronger GDL provisions are associated with larger reductions in teen crash rates.[36]
Directional25IIHS reports that night driving restrictions in GDL reduce teen crashes and fatalities.[23]
Single source26IIHS reports that passenger restrictions in GDL reduce teen crashes and fatalities.[23]
Verified27NHTSA reports that passenger limits reduce fatal crash risk for novice teen drivers.[37]
Verified28NHTSA reports that night-time driving restrictions reduce fatal crash risk for novice teen drivers.[36]
VerifiedEnvironment Interpretation
Teen driving is most dangerous in the mix of “new, unsupervised, and surrounded by other teens,” especially during evenings and late nights, when passenger and night-time rules that graduated licensing puts in place can sharply cut crashes, fatalities, and the stubbornly common culprits like not wearing seat belts and alcohol or drugs.
References
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- 8cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/
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- 21cdc.gov/injury/features/teen-drivers/index.html
- 22cdc.gov/injury/features/teen-driving-distracted.html
- 27cdc.gov/transportationsafety/seatbelts/
- 32cdc.gov/transportationsafety/teen-drivers/
- 10cdan.nhtsa.gov/QueryTool/QuerySection/SelectVehicle?c=1&v=Teen%20Fatalities%202022
- 20newsroom.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2020-Teens-and-Mobility-AAA.pdf
- 23iihs.org/topics/teen-drivers
- 24iihs.org/topics/speed
- 41iihs.org/topics/seat-belts
- 26nhtsa.gov/road-safety/teen-drivers
- 30nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/812277_teen_drivers.pdf
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- 35nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/811275_distracted_driving_teen.pdf
- 37nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/812409-passenger-crash-risk.pdf
- 38nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/812373-gdl-overview.pdf
- 39nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/811975_novice_crash_risk.pdf
- 40nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/812409-passenger-crash-risk.pdf
- 28ghsa.org/sitewide/TrafficSafetyKnowledge/TASKM-Seat-Belts-and-Child-Restraints
- 29ghsa.org/sitewide/TrafficSafetyKnowledge/Teen-Drivers