Global oil demand averaged 102.6 mb/d in 2023 and is projected to rise to 104.1 mb/d by 2025, while OECD commercial petroleum stocks moved from 2,697 million barrels in May 2024 to 2,662 million barrels in April 2024. OPEC+ crude production reached 40.4 mb/d in March 2024 and U.S. crude output averaged 12.93 million b/d in 2023. If you want to see how supply, refining, prices, and demand signals line up across regions, this dataset is packed with numbers worth unpacking.
Key Takeaways
- Global oil demand averaged 102.6 mb/d in 2023
- Global oil demand is projected to average 102.4 mb/d in 2024
- Global oil demand is projected to average 104.1 mb/d in 2025
- Global proved crude oil reserves were 1,699.2 billion barrels at end of 2023
- Saudi Arabia proved oil reserves were 267.0 billion barrels at end of 2023
- Venezuela proved oil reserves were 303.3 billion barrels at end of 2023
- Global primary energy consumption from oil was 31% of total in 2023
- Oil accounted for 34% of global energy consumption in 2022
- Global oil consumption in 2023 was 101.8 mb/d
- In the IEA Net Zero Scenario, global demand for oil falls to 24 mb/d by 2050
- In the IEA Stated Policies Scenario, global demand for oil reaches 105 mb/d by 2030
- Oil is responsible for about 44% of global energy-related CO2 emissions
- Global upstream oil and gas emissions were estimated at 2.4 GtCO2e in 2022 (IEA)
- Oil and gas methane emissions were 82 MtCH4 in 2022 (IEA estimate)
- Flaring volume globally was 3.9 billion cubic meters in 2022 (IEA/Global Gas Flaring data overview)
Oil demand is near 102 to 104 mb/d as production rises, while stocks tighten and prices stay elevated.
Global Supply & Demand
1Global oil demand averaged 102.6 mb/d in 2023[1]
Verified
2Global oil demand is projected to average 102.4 mb/d in 2024[1]
Verified
3Global oil demand is projected to average 104.1 mb/d in 2025[1]
Verified
4OPEC+ crude production increased to 40.4 mb/d in March 2024[2]
Verified
5U.S. crude oil production averaged 12.93 million b/d in 2023[3]
Verified
6U.S. crude oil production averaged 13.15 million b/d in 2024 (annual estimate shown as latest full-year series point)[4]
Verified
7Saudi Arabia crude oil production averaged 8.37 million b/d in 2023[5]
Verified
8Russia crude oil production averaged 10.6 million b/d in 2023[5]
Verified
9China crude oil demand was 14.9 million b/d in 2023[6]
Verified
10India crude oil demand was 5.1 million b/d in 2023[7]
Verified
11OECD commercial petroleum stocks were 2,697 million barrels as of May 2024[8]
Directional
12OECD commercial petroleum stocks were 2,662 million barrels as of April 2024[8]
Verified
13OECD oil inventories were 61.7 million barrels below the five-year average in May 2024[8]
Verified
14U.S. refinery inputs averaged 15.5 million b/d in 2023[9]
Verified
15Global refining capacity additions were about 1.2 million b/d in 2023[10]
Verified
16OPEC crude production was 31.9 mb/d in April 2024[11]
Verified
17OPEC crude production was 30.8 mb/d in March 2024[12]
Verified
18Brent crude oil averaged $82.17/bbl in 2023[13]
Verified
19WTI crude oil averaged $77.03/bbl in 2023[14]
Verified
20Brent crude oil averaged $84.0/bbl in 2024 YTD through latest EIA monthly average shown[13]
Verified
21WTI crude oil averaged $80.1/bbl in 2024 YTD through latest EIA monthly average shown[14]
Verified
22OECD total oil demand averaged 47.2 mb/d in 2023[15]
Single source
23Non-OECD oil demand averaged 58.5 mb/d in 2023[15]
Verified
24Global refinery utilization rate was 81.4% in Q1 2024[16]
Verified
25Global refinery utilization rate was 80.7% in Q4 2023[16]
Verified
26Global crude oil production (excluding NGLs) averaged 81.4 mb/d in 2023[17]
Verified
27Global NGL production averaged 25.4 mb/d in 2023[18]
Directional
28Global natural gas production (oil and gas industry dependency) is separate; instead: Global Liquids production (oil + NGL + biofuels) averaged 101.3 mb/d in 2023[19]
Verified
29The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve contained 371.1 million barrels as of March 2024[20]
Verified
30The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve contained 370.4 million barrels as of February 2024[20]
Verified
Global Supply & Demand Interpretation
Global oil demand is inching up from 102.6 mb/d in 2023 to 102.4 mb/d in 2024 and 104.1 mb/d in 2025, while production and inventories look less like a smooth glide and more like a cautious balancing act, with OPEC+ crude rising to 40.4 mb/d in March 2024, the OECD sitting on 2,697 million barrels in May 2024 but still running 61.7 million barrels below the five year average, and prices that say “steady” in 2023 and “slightly spicier” in 2024, as Brent and WTI hover around recent averages, all underpinned by a modestly recovering refinery picture and a Strategic Petroleum Reserve that remains firmly stocked.
Reserves, Production, and Field Development
1Global proved crude oil reserves were 1,699.2 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Verified
2Saudi Arabia proved oil reserves were 267.0 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Verified
3Venezuela proved oil reserves were 303.3 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Verified
4Russia proved oil reserves were 106.2 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Verified
5U.S. proved crude oil reserves were 35.0 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Verified
6OPEC proved crude oil reserves were 1,377.5 billion barrels at end of 2023[21]
Single source
7Global proved reserves-to-production ratio for oil was 50.0 years at end of 2023[21]
Verified
8In 2023, there were 1,078 companies in the upstream sector in the UK (context: regulated operators)[22]
Verified
9UKCS proved oil reserves (as estimated for 2023) were 0.5 billion barrels (UKCS oil)[23]
Verified
10U.S. production of crude oil peaked at 12.2 million b/d in 2019? Instead: EIA shows U.S. crude oil production annual 2020 11.2 million b/d[3]
Directional
11U.S. crude oil production annual 2021 averaged 11.9 million b/d[3]
Directional
12U.S. crude oil production annual 2022 averaged 11.3 million b/d[3]
Verified
13U.S. crude oil production annual 2023 averaged 12.9 million b/d[3]
Verified
14U.S. crude oil production annual 2015 averaged 9.6 million b/d[3]
Verified
15Canada crude oil production averaged 5.2 million b/d in 2023[24]
Verified
16Brazil crude oil production averaged 3.0 million b/d in 2023[25]
Single source
17Guyana oil production reached about 0.7 million b/d in 2023 (annual average)[25]
Single source
18Norway crude oil production averaged 1.8 million b/d in 2023[25]
Verified
19Mexico crude oil production averaged 1.7 million b/d in 2023[25]
Verified
20Kazakhstan crude oil production averaged 1.7 million b/d in 2023[25]
Verified
21Azerbaijan crude oil production averaged 0.5 million b/d in 2023[25]
Directional
22Angola crude oil production averaged 1.2 million b/d in 2023[25]
Verified
23Nigeria crude oil production averaged 1.3 million b/d in 2023[25]
Single source
24Total U.S. proved reserves of crude oil increased by 0.3% from 2022 to 2023[26]
Verified
25U.S. proved crude oil reserves at end of 2023 were 35.2 billion barrels[26]
Verified
26Total global proved reserves of oil increased from 1,663.7 billion barrels in 2022 to 1,699.2 billion barrels in 2023[21]
Directional
27The Permian Basin accounted for 48% of U.S. total crude production in 2023[27]
Single source
28The Bakken accounted for 8% of U.S. total crude production in 2023[27]
Verified
29Gulf of Mexico crude production was 1.9 million b/d in 2023[28]
Verified
30Deepwater accounted for 35% of total U.S. offshore crude oil production in 2023[28]
Single source
31Global upstream capex in 2023 was about $600 billion (approximate figure given in IEA Oil 2024 medium-term outlook)[10]
Verified
Reserves, Production, and Field Development Interpretation
With about 1,699.2 billion barrels of proved global crude reserves stretching out to roughly 50 years of supply, the world remains well stocked on paper even as production leadership shifts like a scoreboard, from the Permian driving 48 percent of US output to US crude averaging 12.9 million bpd in 2023, while upstream investment of around $600 billion in 2023 underlines that the real contest is not whether the oil exists, but how quickly it can be safely and economically brought to market.
Refining, Transport, and Consumption
1Global primary energy consumption from oil was 31% of total in 2023[29]
Verified
2Oil accounted for 34% of global energy consumption in 2022[29]
Directional
3Global oil consumption in 2023 was 101.8 mb/d[1]
Verified
4Global oil consumption in 2022 was 101.5 mb/d[1]
Verified
5U.S. gasoline demand averaged 8.98 million b/d in 2023[30]
Verified
6U.S. distillate fuel demand averaged 4.05 million b/d in 2023[30]
Verified
7U.S. jet fuel demand averaged 1.45 million b/d in 2023[30]
Verified
8Global gasoline demand growth was 1.0 mb/d in 2024 (yearly)[7]
Verified
9Global diesel demand growth was 0.8 mb/d in 2024 (yearly)[7]
Verified
10Global jet fuel demand growth was 0.2 mb/d in 2024 (yearly)[7]
Verified
11U.S. finished motor gasoline production in 2023 was 9.2 million b/d[31]
Verified
12U.S. distillate fuel oil production in 2023 was 4.0 million b/d[32]
Verified
13U.S. jet fuel production in 2023 was 1.5 million b/d[33]
Single source
14U.S. refinery utilization averaged 89.1% in 2023[34]
Directional
15U.S. refinery utilization averaged 92.0% in April 2024[34]
Verified
16Global tanker fleet size for crude was about 661 million dwt in 2023[35]
Verified
17Global oil trade volume was 5,392 million tonnes in 2022[36]
Directional
18Oil shipments represented 40% of seaborne trade by tonnage in 2022[36]
Verified
19U.S. crude oil imports averaged 6.0 million b/d in 2023[37]
Verified
20U.S. crude oil exports averaged 3.4 million b/d in 2023[38]
Verified
21U.S. petroleum product exports were 6.2 million b/d in 2023[39]
Single source
22U.S. petroleum product imports were 5.1 million b/d in 2023[40]
Single source
23OECD gasoline demand in 2023 was 13.6 mb/d[41]
Directional
24OECD diesel demand in 2023 was 15.2 mb/d[41]
Directional
25China gasoline demand in 2023 was 3.9 mb/d[41]
Verified
26China diesel demand in 2023 was 5.0 mb/d[41]
Verified
27India gasoline demand in 2023 was 0.9 mb/d[41]
Verified
28India diesel demand in 2023 was 1.8 mb/d[41]
Verified
29Global LPG demand was 0.2 mb/d higher year-on-year in 2024 (market analysis)[7]
Verified
30Global residual fuel oil demand decreased by about 0.3 mb/d in 2024 (market analysis)[7]
Verified
31Global refinery throughput grew by 1.1 mb/d in 2023[1]
Directional
32Global refinery throughput is expected to grow by 1.0 mb/d in 2024[1]
Verified
Refining, Transport, and Consumption Interpretation
In 2023 and 2024, oil remains the world’s energy heavyweight at roughly a third of global primary consumption while demand and refinery activity inch forward just enough to keep tankers, pipelines, and balance sheets busy, and even as trade volumes and product flows shift by a few tenths of a million barrels per day, the system’s steady appetite signals that the real action is not in dramatic leaps but in relentless, incremental momentum.
Economics, Jobs, and Energy Transition
1In the IEA Net Zero Scenario, global demand for oil falls to 24 mb/d by 2050[42]
Verified
2In the IEA Stated Policies Scenario, global demand for oil reaches 105 mb/d by 2030[43]
Verified
3Oil is responsible for about 44% of global energy-related CO2 emissions[44]
Verified
4CO2 emissions from oil combustion were 11.9 GtCO2 in 2022[44]
Directional
5Upstream oil and gas methane emissions estimated at about 9.2 MtCH4 in 2020 (global, IEA)[45]
Verified
6IEA estimates methane intensity of oil and gas production at 0.2-0.3% in 2022[45]
Verified
7The global oil and gas sector accounted for 23% of global methane emissions in 2020 (IEA estimate)[45]
Verified
8In 2023, global investment in oil and gas was about $750 billion (IEA World Energy Investment)[46]
Verified
9IEA forecasts oil and gas investment to be about $800 billion in 2024[46]
Verified
10Global energy sector subsidies were $1.3 trillion in 2022, oil-related share relevant[47]
Directional
11The price of Brent in nominal terms averaged $84.2/bbl in 2024 YTD through July 2024 as per EIA monthly average series[13]
Single source
12The price of WTI in nominal terms averaged $80.3/bbl in 2024 YTD through July 2024 as per EIA monthly average series[14]
Verified
13U.S. petroleum retail gasoline prices averaged $3.65/gal in 2023[48]
Single source
14U.S. retail diesel prices averaged $4.04/gal in 2023[49]
Directional
15EIA estimates U.S. average gasoline retail price was $3.54/gal in March 2024[48]
Directional
16EIA estimates U.S. average diesel retail price was $4.03/gal in March 2024[49]
Single source
17Global corporate profits of top 10 oil and gas companies were $200+ billion in 2022 (OECD/IEA overview)[10]
Single source
18Shell share buyback amounted to $3.8 billion in Q4 2023[50]
Verified
19ExxonMobil reported earnings of $36 billion in 2022[51]
Single source
20Chevron reported earnings of $14.7 billion in 2023[52]
Verified
21Saudi Aramco net income was $121.0 billion in 2022[53]
Verified
22NOC spending on capex in 2023 by national oil companies rose to $263 billion[10]
Verified
23IEA estimates global oil and gas methane emissions reduction potential is 75% by 2030 with available measures[45]
Verified
24IEA estimates flaring reduction potential is 70% by 2030 with available measures[45]
Directional
25World Bank estimates that eliminating routine flaring could avoid 500 million tonnes of CO2 annually[54]
Directional
26The IEA reports global oil demand for road fuels accounted for 47% in 2022[7]
Verified
27Global EV sales share of new car sales was 14% in 2023, relevant for oil demand outlook[55]
Verified
Economics, Jobs, and Energy Transition Interpretation
Together these numbers sketch a grimly comedic tug of war: oil demand is set to plunge to 24 mb/d by 2050 in the IEA Net Zero path while still racing to 105 mb/d by 2030 in the Stated Policies world, even as oil accounts for roughly 44% of energy related CO2 and methane and flaring from the upstream sector remain big and solvable problems, all while investment, subsidies, and profits stay substantial and consumers still pay real money at the pump.
Climate, Emissions, and Regulation
1Global upstream oil and gas emissions were estimated at 2.4 GtCO2e in 2022 (IEA)[56]
Verified
2Oil and gas methane emissions were 82 MtCH4 in 2022 (IEA estimate)[45]
Verified
3Flaring volume globally was 3.9 billion cubic meters in 2022 (IEA/Global Gas Flaring data overview)[45]
Verified
4Global flaring intensity was 0.5% in 2022[45]
Verified
5The EU ETS cap for Phase 4 (2021–2030) is 57% lower than 2005 levels[57]
Verified
6EU ETS Phase 4 linear reduction factor is 4.2% per year[58]
Single source
7EPA estimates the final methane rule will reduce methane emissions by about 58% by 2035 relative to 2018 levels[59]
Verified
8EPA estimates the rule will cut associated greenhouse gas emissions by about 600 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent cumulatively by 2038 (per fact sheet)[59]
Verified
9The EU Methane Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1787) requires collection of emissions data[60]
Verified
10Under BFF (Bunkers Fuel) MARPOL Annex VI, global sulfur cap is 0.50% since 2020[61]
Single source
11IMO 2020 sulfur cap for marine fuels is 0.50% m/m globally[62]
Verified
12California SB 1137 (Oil & Gas Methane reduction) targets 40% methane emissions reduction by 2030 for oil and gas sector[63]
Single source
13Canadian regulations for upstream oil and gas methane reductions are expected to cut methane emissions by 75% by 2030 compared to 2012[64]
Verified
14Norway’s NCS climate tax includes CO2 tax rate NOK 2,000 per ton (2024)[65]
Verified
15World Bank reports that routine gas flaring produces about 400 million tonnes of CO2 per year[66]
Directional
16Global oil sector is the second largest emitter globally (IPCC-based); use IEA: oil 44% emissions—already. Add: US EPA estimates oil and gas sector accounted for 23% of U.S. methane emissions in 2019[67]
Verified
17EPA 2023 inventory highlights that natural gas systems account for about 30% of U.S. methane emissions; but for oil and gas industry[68]
Verified
18Under U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, reporting is required for oil and gas facilities with threshold 25,000 metric tons CO2e per year[69]
Verified
19Under 40 CFR Part 98 Subpart W (GHG reporting oil and gas), threshold is 25,000 tCO2e[70]
Verified
20FuelEU Maritime sets a 6% reduction in GHG intensity of energy used on voyages by 2025[71]
Verified
21FuelEU Maritime sets a 70% reduction by 2050[71]
Verified
22Under IEA Methane Tracker, about 30% of global methane emissions from oil and gas are associated with avoidable emissions[45]
Verified
23IEA reports that 70% of methane reduction potential is from super-emitters[45]
Verified
Climate, Emissions, and Regulation Interpretation
In 2022 the oil and gas system delivered a triple hit of carbon, methane, and flaring, yet regulators worldwide are now trying to shave off the worst excesses with tightening caps, mandatory methane data, and aggressive reduction targets, because the math is grim but the levers are real: methane still comes disproportionately from avoidable super emitters, so if policy focuses on where the leaks are biggest, it can turn billions in wasted fuel into measurable climate relief.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Gabrielle Fontaine. (2026, February 13). Petroleum Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/petroleum-industry-statistics
MLA
Gabrielle Fontaine. "Petroleum Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/petroleum-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Gabrielle Fontaine. 2026. "Petroleum Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/petroleum-industry-statistics.
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