Norilsk Nickel produced 210 kt of refined nickel in 2022, while global supply totaled about 2,900 kt of refined metal and the market still ended the year with a surplus. From Vale’s 170 kt across Canada, Brazil, and Indonesia to Indonesia’s 500 kt NPI capacity at IMIP and the soaring battery demand outlook, these figures connect production, pricing, and demand in a way that is hard to ignore. Dive into the full dataset to see how mines, smelters, emissions, and prices all line up for 2022 and what it could mean next.
Key Takeaways
- Norilsk Nickel (GMKN) produced 210 kt refined nickel in 2022, world's largest producer
- Vale SA's global nickel output was 170 kt in 2022 across Canada, Brazil, Indonesia
- Glencore Plc nickel production totaled 90 kt in 2022 from Australia, Canada, New Caledonia
- Global nickel mining GHG emissions average 15 tCO2e per ton Ni, laterites 25 vs sulfides 5
- Indonesia nickel smelters emitted 100 Mt CO2 in 2022 from coal-powered RKEF
- Tailings from nickel laterite processing average 10:1 waste to ore ratio globally
- LME nickel price averaged $25,066 per metric ton in 2022, up 26% from 2021 amid supply fears
- Shanghai nickel futures averaged CNY 140,000 per ton ($20,000 USD) in 2022
- Nickel spot price peaked at $101,365 per ton on LME March 2022 due to short squeeze
- In 2022, global nickel mine production totaled 3,300 thousand metric tons, marking a 9% increase from 2021 primarily driven by expansions in Indonesia and the Philippines
- Indonesia accounted for 49% of global nickel mine production in 2022 with 1,610 thousand metric tons, largely from laterite deposits processed via HPAL and RKEF technologies
- The Philippines produced 380 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022, representing 12% of global output despite regulatory challenges on mining operations
- Identified nickel resources worldwide totaled 100 million metric tons as of 2022, with 95 million in laterites and 5 million in sulfides
- Indonesia holds 21 million metric tons of nickel reserves, 21% of global total, concentrated in Sulawesi laterite deposits
- Australia possesses 24 million metric tons of nickel resources, primarily laterites in Western Australia
In 2022, nickel production hit 3.3 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, with refining centered in China.
Companies
1Norilsk Nickel (GMKN) produced 210 kt refined nickel in 2022, world's largest producer
Verified
2Vale SA's global nickel output was 170 kt in 2022 across Canada, Brazil, Indonesia
Single source
3Glencore Plc nickel production totaled 90 kt in 2022 from Australia, Canada, New Caledonia
Verified
4BHP Group Nickel West output 72 kt in FY2022, with $1.2B capex for expansion
Single source
5PT Vale Indonesia Tbk produced 76 kt nickel matte in 2022, 50% owned by Vale
Verified
6Jinchuan Group refined 140 kt nickel in 2022, China's largest
Verified
7Eramet Group SLN New Caledonia ferronickel 12 kt in 2022, facing restructuring
Verified
8Sherritt International Moa JV Cuba 30 kt nickel + 3 kt cobalt 2022
Directional
9First Quantum Minerals Ravensthorpe 35 kt nickel 2022 after $230M investment
Verified
10Tsingshan Holding dominates Indonesia with 500 kt NPI capacity at IMIP 2022
Directional
11Nornickel palladium-nickel revenue $17B in 2022, 42% from nickel
Verified
12Anglo American's Aquila JV planned 20 kt nickel by 2024 from Australia
Single source
13Terrafame Oy Finland 15 kt nickel 2022, expanding to 44 kt by 2027
Verified
14Lundin Mining Eagle Mine USA 15 kt nickel concentrate 2022
Directional
15PolyMet NorthMet USA permitted 50 kt nickel equiv annually post-2024
Verified
16Western Areas Forrestania 10 kt nickel concentrate 2022 Australia
Single source
17IGO Ltd Nova-Bollinger 40 kt NiS equiv 2022 high-grade sulfide
Verified
18Independence Group Nickel West toll 20 kt 2022
Single source
19Nickel 28 Capital Pony Creek 10 kt HPAL planned 2025
Verified
20Ardea Resources Kalgoorlie Ni-Co 40 kt NiSO4 equiv Go-1 PFS 2022
Verified
21Chalice Mining Julimar PGE-Ni discovery 2022 maiden resource 11Mt 0.45% Ni
Verified
22Australia Nickel Pty Ltd (AGNICO) Savannah 10 kt Ni 2022
Directional
23Mincor Resources Cassini Kambalda 5 kt Ni 2022
Single source
24Celsius Resources Maukala Indonesia 50 kt NPI planned
Verified
25Nickel Asia Corp Philippines 40 kt ore equiv 2022 multiple mines
Verified
26MBK Metals Madagascar Tamatave HPAL 50 kt MHP targeted 2025
Verified
Companies Interpretation
The cold, industrial chessboard of global nickel production sees Russia's Norilsk holding a formidable, palladium-laced king's position at 210kt, while the archipelago of rivals—from Vale's 170kt empire to Tsingshan's staggering 500kt capacity in Indonesia—jostle for strategic squares, all under the looming shadow of an electric future demanding ever more of this silvery-white metal.
Environment
1Global nickel mining GHG emissions average 15 tCO2e per ton Ni, laterites 25 vs sulfides 5
Directional
2Indonesia nickel smelters emitted 100 Mt CO2 in 2022 from coal-powered RKEF
Verified
3Tailings from nickel laterite processing average 10:1 waste to ore ratio globally
Verified
4Norilsk Nickel diesel spill 2020 released 21 kt fuel affecting 350 km2 Arctic tundra
Verified
5HPAL nickel process water use 1,000 m3 per ton Ni, high risk in water-scarce areas
Verified
6Biodiversity loss at 80% of nickel mines in tropical rainforests like Indonesia/Philippines
Verified
7Nickel recycling rate globally 68% in 2022, highest among base metals
Verified
8Energy intensity for sulfide smelting 40 GJ/ton Ni vs HPAL 100 GJ/ton
Verified
9Acid mine drainage from nickel sulfides pH <4 affects 20% legacy sites
Single source
10Indonesia Weda Bay mine deforestation 5,000 ha by 2022 for nickel laterites
Verified
11SLN New Caledonia mine tailings dam failure risk high, storing 50 Mt waste
Verified
12Global nickel supply chain Scope 3 emissions 50 tCO2e/ton for batteries
Single source
13Ravensthorpe mine rehab cost $100M for 1,000 ha disturbed land Australia
Verified
14Bioleaching at Terrafame reduces sulfuric acid use by 90% vs traditional roast
Directional
15Nickel in wastewater from plating >1 mg/L toxic to aquatic life, regulated EU <0.5 mg/L
Verified
16Carbon footprint of Indonesian NPI 30 tCO2e/ton Ni vs Class 1 10 tCO2e/ton
Directional
17Morowali IMIP smelters SO2 emissions exceed 1,000 t/day without scrubbers 2022
Verified
18Recycling secondary nickel saves 75% energy vs primary production
Verified
19Water recycling rate at Ambatovy Madagascar 85%, reducing fresh use to 2 m3/t ore
Directional
20Airborne dust PM2.5 from nickel open pits >50 ug/m3 near communities Philippines
Verified
21ESG rating for nickel miners average 45/100, low due to tailings risks
Verified
22HPAL residue neutralization uses 5 t limestone per ton Ni, generating gypsum byproduct
Verified
23Coral reef damage near Goro mine New Caledonia from red mud discharge 500 ha
Directional
24Methane emissions from nickel mine waste dumps 0.5 tCH4/kt ore
Directional
25Sustainable nickel initiative (SNI) members produce 20% low-carbon nickel 2022
Verified
26Land rehabilitation success rate 60% for nickel laterite mines after 10 years
Directional
27PFAS chemicals detected in 30% nickel processing sites groundwater
Verified
Environment Interpretation
The nickel industry is a powerful engine of modern progress, yet it is fueled by a troubling paradox: it electrifies our future while simultaneously belching its carbon into our atmosphere, scarring our landscapes with its waste, and poisoning the very ecosystems it claims to advance.
Prices
1LME nickel price averaged $25,066 per metric ton in 2022, up 26% from 2021 amid supply fears
Verified
2Shanghai nickel futures averaged CNY 140,000 per ton ($20,000 USD) in 2022
Verified
3Nickel spot price peaked at $101,365 per ton on LME March 2022 due to short squeeze
Directional
4Global nickel market saw a 100 thousand metric ton surplus in 2022 per Wood Mackenzie
Verified
5Battery nickel demand grew 40% to 250 thousand metric tons in 2022, pushing Class 1 premiums
Verified
6Stainless steel consumption used 1,800 thousand metric tons nickel in 2022, 70% of total demand
Verified
7LME nickel inventory dropped to 20 thousand tons by end-2022 from 300 thousand in 2021
Verified
8Nickel premium for Rotterdam delivery averaged $1,200 per ton in 2022
Directional
9Chinese NPI nickel price averaged $15,000 per ton in 2022, lower than Class 1
Single source
10MHP nickel sulfate equivalent price reached $25,000 per ton in 2022
Single source
11Global nickel trade volume was 1,500 thousand metric tons in 2022, led by Indonesia exports ban lift partial
Directional
12Indonesia nickel ore exports totaled 50 million wet metric tons in 2022 before ban
Verified
13Russia nickel exports to China hit 150 thousand tons in 2022, evading some sanctions
Verified
14Nickel ETF (NNickel) traded average $30 per share reflecting spot prices in 2022
Single source
15All-in sustaining costs (AISC) for nickel averaged $12,000 per ton in 2022 globally
Verified
16High-purity Class 1 nickel traded at $30,000 per ton CFR Asia average in Q4 2022
Verified
17Ferronickel 20-30% Ni price averaged $18,000 per ton in 2022 Europe
Verified
18Nickel pig iron 10-15% Ni CFR China averaged $1,200 per ton %Ni basis 2022
Single source
19LME nickel 3-month forward curve backwardated by $2,000/ton end-2022
Single source
20Nickel options implied volatility averaged 40% in 2022 amid volatility
Directional
21Global nickel demand reached 2,800 thousand metric tons in 2022, up 5%
Single source
22EV battery nickel demand forecast to hit 500 kt by 2025 from 250 kt 2022
Verified
23Stainless steel slab production consumed 1,900 kt nickel in 2023 forecast
Verified
24Norilsk Nickel market cap was $40 billion USD end-2022 despite sanctions
Single source
25BHP Billiton nickel segment EBITDA $500 million in FY2022
Verified
26Vale SA nickel revenue $4.2 billion in 2022 from 170 kt sales
Single source
27Glencore nickel production revenue $2.8 billion from 90 kt in 2022
Verified
28LME nickel cash settlement $24,500/ton average Q1 2023
Verified
29Global stainless steel demand fell 2% to 52 mt in 2022, impacting nickel 1.8 mt use
Directional
30Class 2 nickel (NPI, ferronickel) share of supply rose to 50% in 2022 from 40% 2021
Single source
31Nickel sulphate hexahydrate price averaged $15,000/ton Ni contained in 2022 battery market
Verified
32Indonesia banned raw nickel ore exports Jan 2020, lifting processed only, affecting $5B trade
Single source
Prices Interpretation
Despite a staggering market surplus and a chaotic short squeeze, nickel's price surged on battery-driven FOMO, proving that in the modern economy, even a metal can have an identity crisis between stainless steel kitchens and electric car dreams.
Production
1In 2022, global nickel mine production totaled 3,300 thousand metric tons, marking a 9% increase from 2021 primarily driven by expansions in Indonesia and the Philippines
Single source
2Indonesia accounted for 49% of global nickel mine production in 2022 with 1,610 thousand metric tons, largely from laterite deposits processed via HPAL and RKEF technologies
Verified
3The Philippines produced 380 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022, representing 12% of global output despite regulatory challenges on mining operations
Directional
4Russia contributed 240 thousand metric tons of nickel mine production in 2022, mainly from sulfide deposits in Norilsk by Norilsk Nickel
Verified
5Australia produced 160 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022, with a focus on high-grade sulfide ores from Western Australia
Verified
6New Caledonia's nickel production reached 200 thousand metric tons in 2022, primarily from SLN's operations amid political instability
Verified
7Canada's nickel output was 130 thousand metric tons in 2022, led by Vale's Sudbury and Raglan mines
Verified
8China's nickel mine production was 120 thousand metric tons in 2022, supplemented heavily by imports for smelting
Verified
9Brazil produced 90 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022 from Vale's Onça Puma mine restart
Single source
10Global refined nickel production hit 2,900 thousand metric tons in 2022, with China dominating at 1,200 thousand metric tons
Verified
11Indonesia's HPAL projects contributed 150 thousand metric tons of nickel in mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) in 2022
Directional
12Norilsk Nickel's refined nickel output was 210 thousand metric tons in 2022 despite logistics disruptions from sanctions
Directional
13BHP's Nickel West produced 72 thousand metric tons of nickel in FY2022, focusing on sustainable sulfide mining
Verified
14Glencore's Murrin Murrin mine in Australia output 42 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022 from laterite ores
Verified
15First Quantum's Ravensthorpe mine produced 35 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022 after operational ramp-up
Single source
16Sherritt International's Moa Joint Venture in Cuba yielded 30 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022
Verified
17PT Vale Indonesia produced 76 thousand metric tons of nickel in matte in 2022 from Sorowako operations
Verified
18Jinchuan Group's Jinchuan mine output was 100 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022, China's largest sulfide producer
Single source
19Eramet's SLN in New Caledonia produced 12 thousand metric tons of ferronickel in 2022 amid cost pressures
Verified
20Madagascar's Ambatovy mine ramped up to 35 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022 by Sherritt and partners
Single source
21Global Class 1 nickel production (high purity) was 1,400 thousand metric tons in 2022
Single source
22Indonesia's RKEF stainless steel slag byproduct yielded 1,200 thousand metric tons nickel equivalent in 2022
Verified
23Western Australia's nickel production declined 20% to 160 thousand metric tons in 2022 due to low prices
Verified
24Finland's Terrafame mine produced 15 thousand metric tons of nickel in 2022 from bioleach technology
Verified
25Koniambo Nickel SAS in New Caledonia output stalled at 10 thousand metric tons in 2022 due to funding issues
Verified
26Global nickel pig iron (NPI) production reached 1,600 thousand metric tons in 2022, mostly in China and Indonesia
Verified
27Tsingshan Holding Group's Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park produced 500 thousand metric tons NPI nickel in 2022
Verified
28Vale's VNC operations in New Caledonia contributed 20 thousand metric tons ferronickel before closure in 2022
Directional
29United States nickel mine production was negligible at under 10 thousand metric tons in 2022, reliant on recycling
Single source
30Global nickel production forecast for 2023 estimated at 3,500 thousand metric tons mine output
Single source
Production Interpretation
While Indonesia's staggering, tech-driven output of nearly half the world's nickel is reshaping global supply, it underscores a future where geopolitical tensions, environmental concerns, and market volatility are as abundant as the metal itself.
Reserves
1Identified nickel resources worldwide totaled 100 million metric tons as of 2022, with 95 million in laterites and 5 million in sulfides
Single source
2Indonesia holds 21 million metric tons of nickel reserves, 21% of global total, concentrated in Sulawesi laterite deposits
Directional
3Australia possesses 24 million metric tons of nickel resources, primarily laterites in Western Australia
Verified
4Brazil has 16 million metric tons of nickel resources, with major deposits in Goiás and Carajás
Verified
5Russia reserves stand at 7.4 million metric tons, dominated by Norilsk-Talnakh sulfide district
Verified
6New Caledonia holds 7.1 million metric tons of nickel resources in laterite profiles
Directional
7Philippines nickel resources estimated at 5 million metric tons, mostly laterites in Mindanao
Verified
8Canada has 2.5 million metric tons of nickel reserves from Sudbury and Thompson belts
Verified
9China possesses 3 million metric tons nickel resources, mainly Jinchuan sulfide
Verified
10Cuba's Moa and Nicaro deposits hold 1.5 million metric tons nickel laterite resources
Verified
11Madagascar's Ambatovy deposit contains 2.4 million metric tons nickel resources
Verified
12Guatemala's Fénix project by Solway has 0.8 million metric tons nickel resources
Verified
13Colombia's Cerromatoso mine resources at 0.5 million metric tons nickel laterite
Verified
14Global laterite nickel resources account for 95% of total at 95 million metric tons
Verified
15Sulfide nickel resources worldwide are 5 million metric tons, concentrated in few districts like Norilsk
Verified
16Indonesia's Weda Bay deposit alone has 5.5 million metric tons nickel resources
Verified
17Australia's Murrin Murrin resources measured at 1.2 million metric tons nickel
Verified
18Ravensthorpe deposit in WA has 0.9 million metric tons nickel resources
Verified
19Norilsk-Talnakh district resources exceed 10 million metric tons nickel equivalent
Verified
20Sudbury Basin, Canada, has 2 million metric tons historical nickel resources
Directional
21Ramu, Papua New Guinea, laterite resources at 1.1 million metric tons nickel
Directional
22Goro deposit, New Caledonia, proven reserves 1.7 million metric tons nickel
Verified
23Pomalaa, Indonesia, resources 1.5 million metric tons nickel laterite
Directional
24Voisey's Bay, Canada, has 0.15 million metric tons nickel reserves
Verified
25Eagle Mine, Michigan USA, resources 0.2 million metric tons nickel sulfide
Verified
26Julimar, WA Australia, new discovery with 0.5 million metric tons nickel potential
Verified
27Araguaia, Brazil, resources 1.9 million metric tons nickel laterite
Directional
28Greenbushes tantalum but nickel byproducts 0.3 million tons equivalent
Verified
29Global nickel reserve life at current production rates estimated at 30 years as of 2022
Verified
Reserves Interpretation
While the world's nickel is overwhelmingly lounging in tropical laterite deposits like a sunbather, the real power and headaches reside in a few concentrated, geologically intense sulfide districts that could spark a geopolitical brawl over a dwindling 30-year supply.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Lukas Bauer. (2026, February 13). Nickel Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/nickel-industry-statistics
MLA
Lukas Bauer. "Nickel Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/nickel-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Lukas Bauer. 2026. "Nickel Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/nickel-industry-statistics.
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