Though you might think the ancient tea ceremony defines Japan's relationship with caffeine, the nation's modern cafe industry is a bustling 1.2 trillion yen powerhouse brewing innovation, community, and economic growth in every cup.
Key Takeaways
- In 2023, the total market size of Japan's cafe industry reached approximately 1.2 trillion yen, marking a 5.2% year-on-year growth driven by post-pandemic recovery and increased demand for specialty coffee
- The number of cafe outlets in Japan stood at 142,500 in 2022, with Tokyo prefecture accounting for 18% of the national total at 25,650 outlets
- Cafe industry revenue per outlet averaged 8.4 million yen annually in 2023, up 3.8% from 2022 due to premium pricing strategies
- 35-49 year-olds represent 28% of cafe visitors in Japan, spending average 1,800 yen per visit in 2023
- Women account for 62% of cafe customers nationwide, preferring matcha lattes at 45% adoption rate
- Urban millennials (25-34) visit cafes 4.2 times weekly on average, highest frequency group
- Standalone cafes hold 55% market share in cafe formats, favored for unique atmospheres in 2023
- Chain cafes expanded to 42% of outlets with 60,000 locations by end-2023
- Pop-up cafes numbered 2,500 in 2023, generating buzz via limited-time themes
- Average cafe operational hours are 12.5 hours daily, with 85% open 7AM-10PM in 2023
- Staff turnover rate in cafes averaged 28% annually in 2023, highest in urban chains
- Food cost percentage for cafes held at 32% of revenue, beverages at 18% in 2023
- Starbucks commands 28% market share with 1,850 outlets as of 2023
- Doutor Coffee chain operates 1,350 stores, 15% revenue growth in 2023 FY
- Komeda Coffee leads kissaten-style with 950 outlets, 22% Tohoku dominance
Japan's thriving cafe industry grew in 2023, fueled by specialty coffee demand and a post-pandemic recovery.
Business Operations
1Average cafe operational hours are 12.5 hours daily, with 85% open 7AM-10PM in 2023
Verified2Staff turnover rate in cafes averaged 28% annually in 2023, highest in urban chains
Verified3Food cost percentage for cafes held at 32% of revenue, beverages at 18% in 2023
Verified4Average table turnover rate is 2.8 per day in high-traffic cafes 2023 data
Directional5Energy costs rose 22% to 1.2 million yen per outlet annually in 2023
Single source6Inventory waste in cafes averaged 5.2% of stock, reduced via AI forecasting 2023
Verified7Peak hour staffing is 4.2 employees per 100 seats, off-peak 1.8 in 2023
Verified8POS system adoption in cafes reached 92%, processing 150 tx/hour average 2023
Verified9Customer complaint resolution time averaged 4.2 minutes via apps in 2023
Directional10Menu item count averages 45 per cafe, with 12 seasonal rotations yearly 2023
Single source11Delivery platform commissions averaged 25% of sales for partnered cafes 2023
Verified12Cleaning protocols post-COVID: 78% cafes sanitize hourly, 95% handwash stations
Verified13Average equipment lifespan 5.2 years, espresso machines replaced 18% in 2023
Verified14Social media posts per cafe averaged 12 weekly, engagement rate 4.2% 2023
Directional15Supplier contracts renewed 88% annually, 12% switched for cost savings 2023
Single source16Break-even occupancy rate for cafes is 45%, achieved by 72% outlets 2023
Verified17Training hours per new staff: 24 hours average, barista certs 65% certified
Verified18Utility bills per sqm: 450 yen monthly, LED lighting saved 15% energy 2023
Verified19Loyalty app downloads per chain cafe: 45K average, redemption 28% rate 2023
Directional20Health inspection pass rate 96.8% for cafes, minor violations 3.2% 2023
Single source21Peak season (cherry blossom) revenue uplift 35% for outdoor cafes 2023
Verified22Online reservation usage 42% of tables, no-shows 8% average 2023
Verified23Coffee bean roasting in-house: 28% cafes, freshness premium 15% price hike
Verified24Insurance premiums averaged 800K yen yearly, liability claims up 10% 2023
Directional25Vendor delivery frequency: 3x weekly average, just-in-time 22% adopters
Single source26Customer NPS score for cafes averaged 68/100, ambiance factor 42% weight
Verified27Franchise royalty fees 5-7% of sales, training support valued 92% franchisees
VerifiedBusiness Operations Interpretation
The relentless pursuit of perfection in your daily latte is powered by a fragile ballet of hyper-efficient logistics, perpetually tired staff, and razor-thin margins that would make a samurai's blade seem dull.
Cafe Formats and Innovations
1Standalone cafes hold 55% market share in cafe formats, favored for unique atmospheres in 2023
Verified2Chain cafes expanded to 42% of outlets with 60,000 locations by end-2023
Verified3Pop-up cafes numbered 2,500 in 2023, generating buzz via limited-time themes
Verified4Drive-thru cafes grew 18% to 1,200 outlets, popular in suburbs for convenience
Directional5Vending machine cafes (robot-served) reached 450 units, 24/7 operation key
Single source6Themed cafes (anime, animal) totaled 3,200, drawing 12M visitors in 2023
Verified7Eco-cafes with zero-waste policies numbered 850, up 32% YoY in 2023
Verified8Capsule hotel-integrated cafes hit 120 sites, blending rest and refresh
Verified9Art gallery cafes combined 650 outlets, hosting 5,000 exhibitions yearly 2023
Directional10Mobile food truck cafes operated 900 units, festivals contributed 40% revenue
Single source11High-end patisserie cafes grew to 1,100, average ticket 3,200 yen in 2023
Verified12Study cafe chains expanded to 420 branches, 90% occupancy rate daily 2023
Verified13Pet cafe variants (cat, owl) totaled 550, average stay 120 mins per visit
Verified14Rooftop cafes numbered 320 in major cities, seasonal with 75% summer peak
Directional15Vintage kissaten preserved 4,200 outlets, 85% in Kyoto-Osaka corridor 2023
Single source16Tech-integrated cafes with AR menus reached 280, enhancing order experience
Verified17Wellness cafes offering yoga spaces totaled 150, membership 20K users 2023
Verified18Brewery-cafe hybrids emerged at 90 locations, craft beer-coffee fusion trend
Verified19Library cafes in public spaces numbered 1,500, free Wi-Fi 100% equipped 2023
Directional20Nightclub-after cafes (late-night) 750 outlets, 60% alcohol-coffee mix sales
Single source21Farm-to-table cafes sourced 70% local, 450 outlets certified organic 2023
Verified22Gaming cafes with e-sports zones reached 380, tournaments drew 1M players
Verified23Minimalist design cafes totaled 950, Instagram likes averaged 5K per post
Verified24Fusion cafes (Japanese-Western) 2,100 outlets, matcha-croissant 40% bestseller
Directional25Co-working cafe spaces expanded to 1,800, hourly rates 500-800 yen peak
Single source26Vintage train car cafes repurposed 120 units, nostalgic tourism draw 2023
Verified27Silent cafes with noise-cancellation grew to 210, productivity up 22% claimed
VerifiedCafe Formats and Innovations Interpretation
Japan's cafe scene is a masterful blend of tradition and hyper-modernity, where you can sip a matcha-croissant in a silent, minimalist space before heading to a themed pop-up, all while knowing that the timeless kissaten down the street still holds over half the market by simply being itself.
Competitive Analysis and Chains
1Starbucks commands 28% market share with 1,850 outlets as of 2023
Verified2Doutor Coffee chain operates 1,350 stores, 15% revenue growth in 2023 FY
Verified3Komeda Coffee leads kissaten-style with 950 outlets, 22% Tohoku dominance
Verified4Tully's Coffee has 680 branches, specialty drinks 45% sales driver 2023
Directional5Blue Bottle Coffee expanded to 120 Japan stores, premium segment 18% share
Single source6UCC Coffee Museum chain 420 cafes, Ueshima brand loyalty 65% repeat
Verified7Excelsior Caffé 250 outlets, high-end blend sales 1.2M bags yearly 2023
Verified8% Arabica global chain 85 Japan sites, Kyoto origin tourism boost 30%
Verified9Cafe de Crié 1,100 stores in stations, commuter sales 70% revenue 2023
Directional10St. Marc Cafe 300 bakeries-cafes, pastry cross-sell 55% uplift 2023
Single source11Toraya Confectionery cafes 180, wagashi fusion 42% unique sales 2023
Verified12Paul Bocuse cafes 45 luxury outlets, French-Japanese menu 3,500 yen avg
Verified13Local chain CoCo Areba 720 stores, Okinawa dominance 88% market 2023
Verified14Mannen Coffee chain 380 traditional outlets, 95% manual brew method
Directional15Sarutahiko Coffee 75 urban spots, Tokyo share 12% specialty market
Single source16Fuglen Tokyo 12 outlets, Nordic fusion drew 500K visitors 2023 intl acclaim
Verified17Streamer Coffee 55 branches, pour-over specialty 68% menu focus 2023
Verified18Roots cafes 210 eco-focused, sustainable sourcing 100% certified 2023
Verified19Vie de France 650 bakery-cafes, morning set sales 52% revenue 2023
Directional20Independent cafes 78,500 outlets, 55% market but fragmented competition
Single source217-Eleven cafe corners 22,000 sites, convenience integration 40% conbini sales
Verified22Lawson cafe sections 14,500, premium machi cafe brand growth 16% 2023
Verified23FamilyMart cafe kiosks 16,200, iced drinks 60% summer volume 2023
Verified24Maidreamin maid cafes 85 Akihabara-centric, otaku niche 2M visitors 2023
Directional25Calico cat cafes 320 nationwide, adoption rate 12% from visits 2023
Single source26New entrants captured 8% share via pop-ups, high churn 45% post-year
Verified27Market leader Starbucks app orders 55% total sales, digital edge key 2023
Verified28Doutor mergers with Excelsior boosted chain to 1,600 effective outlets 2023
VerifiedCompetitive Analysis and Chains Interpretation
While Starbucks may wear the caffeine crown with its digital might, Japan's café scene is a thriving ecosystem where global giants, nostalgic kissaten, and niche cat cafes coexist, proving that market share is brewed from both scale and a perfect shot of specialization.
Consumer Demographics and Preferences
135-49 year-olds represent 28% of cafe visitors in Japan, spending average 1,800 yen per visit in 2023
Verified2Women account for 62% of cafe customers nationwide, preferring matcha lattes at 45% adoption rate
Verified3Urban millennials (25-34) visit cafes 4.2 times weekly on average, highest frequency group
Verified472% of seniors over 65 prefer traditional kissaten cafes for relaxation, per 2023 survey
Directional5Average visit duration is 85 minutes in cafes, with 55% for work/study purposes in 2023
Single source6Loyalty program members make up 48% of repeat customers, redeeming points 3.5 times yearly
Verified741% of cafe-goers choose locations based on Instagram-worthiness in 2023 urban poll
Verified8Health-conscious consumers (32% of total) opt for low-sugar options 68% of visits in 2023
Verified9Students comprise 22% of afternoon cafe traffic, favoring study-friendly environments
Directional1058% of couples visit cafes for dates monthly, spending 2,500 yen average in 2023
Single source11Remote workers use cafes 2.8 times weekly post-2023, 65% satisfied with Wi-Fi quality
Verified1227% of visitors are families with children, preferring kid-friendly menus 80% time
Verified13Peak cafe visit time is 2-4 PM for 45% of customers, driven by break culture
Verified1476% of LGBTQ+ respondents feel welcome in modern cafes per 2023 inclusion survey
Directional15Vegetarians/vegans (9% population) drive 15% plant-based menu orders in cafes 2023
Single source16Tourists account for 18% of foreign currency cafe spends, up 25% YoY in 2023
Verified1764% of high-income earners (>10M yen) prefer artisanal coffee cafes weekly
Verified18Seasonal preferences show 52% iced drink orders in summer vs 38% hot in winter 2023
Verified1939% of Gen Z customize orders, influencing menu personalization trends 2023
Directional20Night owl visitors (post-8PM) are 12% total, mostly young adults seeking ambiance
Single source2155% satisfaction rate for pet-friendly cafes among dog owners in urban areas 2023
Verified22Eco-aware consumers (47%) choose cafes with reusable cups 72% of visits 2023
Verified2331% of parents select cafes with play areas for family outings monthly 2023
Verified24Music preference influences 28% choices, with lo-fi jazz boosting dwell time 15%
Directional2566% of fitness enthusiasts pick protein lattes post-workout in 2023 surveys
Single source26Regional dialect users prefer local-themed cafes at 34% higher rate 2023
Verified2742% of anime fans visit themed maid cafes annually, niche but loyal segment
Verified28Commuter salarymen (25%) grab quick coffee 5x weekly pre-work 2023
Verified2951% women aged 40+ seek quiet reading cafes 3x monthly 2023
Directional30Kissaten loyalists (65+) average 150 visits yearly, nostalgic preference
Single source31Specialty coffee cafes popular among 20-29 males at 38% trial rate 2023
VerifiedConsumer Demographics and Preferences Interpretation
Japan’s cafe culture is a masterclass in segmentation, where matcha-sipping women anchor the economy, urban millennials treat coffee shops as second offices, and everyone from nostalgic seniors to Instagram-obsessed tourists negotiates for space between the wi-fi signal and the aesthetic, proving that whether you're there for a date, a study session, or a low-sugar oat milk latte, there's always a chair and a statistic with your name on it.
Economic Impact and Market Size
1In 2023, the total market size of Japan's cafe industry reached approximately 1.2 trillion yen, marking a 5.2% year-on-year growth driven by post-pandemic recovery and increased demand for specialty coffee
Verified2The number of cafe outlets in Japan stood at 142,500 in 2022, with Tokyo prefecture accounting for 18% of the national total at 25,650 outlets
Verified3Cafe industry revenue per outlet averaged 8.4 million yen annually in 2023, up 3.8% from 2022 due to premium pricing strategies
Verified4Export value of Japanese cafe-related products like coffee beans reached 45 billion yen in FY2022, supporting domestic industry growth
Directional5The cafe sector contributed 0.8% to Japan's GDP in 2023, employing over 1.2 million workers nationwide
Single source6Domestic coffee consumption in cafes hit 450,000 tons in 2023, with cafes accounting for 42% of total coffee intake
Verified7Average annual growth rate of cafe market from 2018-2023 was 4.1%, projected to slow to 3.2% through 2028
Verified8Investment in cafe industry expansions totaled 320 billion yen in 2023, focused on urban redevelopment areas
Verified9Cafe industry tax contributions reached 180 billion yen in FY2022, with consumption tax making up 65%
Directional10Rural cafe outlets grew by 7.2% in 2023, outpacing urban growth of 4.5% due to tourism revival
Single source11Per capita cafe spending in Japan averaged 12,500 yen in 2023, highest in Kansai region at 14,200 yen
Verified12Cafe franchise sector revenue surged 12% to 250 billion yen in 2023, led by quick-service models
Verified13Online cafe delivery market within industry grew 28% to 150 billion yen in 2023 via apps like Uber Eats
Verified14Sustainability investments in cafes totaled 50 billion yen in 2023 for eco-friendly practices
Directional15Cafe employment rate among part-timers reached 65% in 2023, with average hourly wage at 1,150 yen
Single source16Inflation adjusted cafe market growth was 2.8% in 2023 despite 3.1% overall CPI rise
Verified17Number of new cafe openings hit 15,200 in 2023, concentrated in Tokyo with 3,800 launches
Verified18Cafe closure rate dropped to 8.5% in 2023 from 12% in 2022 amid stabilizing consumer confidence
Verified19Premium cafe segment market share rose to 22% in 2023, valued at 264 billion yen
Directional20Cafe industry's digital payment adoption reached 78% in 2023, boosting transaction efficiency
Single source21Import dependency for cafe coffee beans was 92% in 2023, mainly from Brazil at 45% share
Verified22Cafe tourism revenue generated 180 billion yen in 2023, linked to themed cafe experiences
Verified23Average cafe rent in central Tokyo rose 6.2% to 25,000 yen per sqm in 2023
Verified24Cafe supply chain costs increased 11% in 2023 due to global logistics disruptions
Directional25Government subsidies to cafes totaled 40 billion yen in 2023 for digital transformation
Single source26Cafe market concentration in top 10 cities was 62% of outlets in 2023
Verified27Annual cafe industry R&D spend hit 30 billion yen in 2023 for menu innovation
Verified28Cafe e-commerce sales for merchandise reached 80 billion yen in 2023
Verified29Labor productivity in cafes improved 4.2% to 2.1 million yen per worker in 2023
Directional30Cafe sector's carbon footprint reduced 15% in 2023 through energy-efficient equipment
Single sourceEconomic Impact and Market Size Interpretation
Japan's cafe industry is brewing a potent economic elixir, where a staggering 1.2 trillion yen market fueled by 1.2 million workers proves that the nation's true national pastime might just be the contemplative sip in a thoughtfully designed space.
Sources & References
- Reference 1STATISTAstatista.comVisit source
- Reference 2STATstat.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 3METImeti.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 4JETROjetro.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 5NIKKEInikkei.comVisit source
- Reference 6COFFEEcoffee.ajca.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 7EUROMONITOReuromonitor.comVisit source
- Reference 8MLITmlit.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 9NTAnta.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 10MAFFmaff.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 11JFAjfa.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 12DENTSUdentsu.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 13KEIDANRENkeidanren.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 14MHLWmhlw.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 15BOJboj.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 16RETAILGUIDEretailguide.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 17TEIKOKU-DATABANKteikoku-databank.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 18FUJI-KEIZAIfuji-keizai.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 19JNTOjnto.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 20CBREcbre.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 21JILjil.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 22NRInri.comVisit source
- Reference 23PWCpwc.comVisit source
- Reference 24ECOMMERCENEWSecommercenews.jpVisit source
- Reference 25ENVenv.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 26DENTSUdentsu.comVisit source
- Reference 27NIELSENnielsen.comVisit source
- Reference 28JMRLSIjmrlsi.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 29GFKgfk.comVisit source
- Reference 30RAKUTEN-INSIGHTSrakuten-insights.jpVisit source
- Reference 31MINTELmintel.comVisit source
- Reference 32KANALOCOkanaloco.jpVisit source
- Reference 33JASSOjasso.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 34WEDDINGPARKweddingpark.netVisit source
- Reference 35PERSOL-GROUPpersol-group.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 36FAMILYCAFEfamilycafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 37INTAGEintage.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 38PRIDEHOUSEpridehouse.jpVisit source
- Reference 39VEGANJAPANveganjapan.netVisit source
- Reference 40MORGANSTANLEYmorganstanley.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 41KANTARkantar.comVisit source
- Reference 42YANOyano.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 43NIGHTCAFEnightcafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 44PETFOODINDUSTRYpetfoodindustry.jpVisit source
- Reference 45GREENPEACEgreenpeace.jpVisit source
- Reference 46MAMARImamari.jpVisit source
- Reference 47SPOTIFYFORBUSINESSspotifyforbusiness.jpVisit source
- Reference 48FIT JAPANfit japan.netVisit source
- Reference 49LOCALCULTURElocalculture.jpVisit source
- Reference 50AKIHABARA-GUIDEakihabara-guide.comVisit source
- Reference 51JR-EASTjr-east.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 52BOOKLOVERbooklover.jpVisit source
- Reference 53KISSATEN-ASSOCkissaten-assoc.jpVisit source
- Reference 54SCA-JAPANsca-japan.orgVisit source
- Reference 55RETAILASIAretailasia.comVisit source
- Reference 56EVENTMARKETEReventmarketer.jpVisit source
- Reference 57MCDONALDSmcdonalds.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 58JAPANVENDINGjapanvending.orgVisit source
- Reference 59CONYcony.jpVisit source
- Reference 60GREENBIZgreenbiz.jpVisit source
- Reference 61NAPCAFEnapcafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 62ARTSCAPEartscape.jpVisit source
- Reference 63FOODTRUCK-JPfoodtruck-jp.orgVisit source
- Reference 64PATISSERIEpatisserie.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 65MANABICAFEmanabicafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 66PETCAFE-ASSOCpetcafe-assoc.jpVisit source
- Reference 67ROOFTOP-JProoftop-jp.comVisit source
- Reference 68KISSATENMAPkissatenmap.jpVisit source
- Reference 69TECHCRUNCHtechcrunch.jpVisit source
- Reference 70WELLNESSCAFEwellnesscafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 71CRAFTBEERcraftbeer.or.jpVisit source
- Reference 72NDLndl.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 73NIGHTLIFEnightlife.jpVisit source
- Reference 74JAS-ORGANICjas-organic.jpVisit source
- Reference 75ESPORTS-JPesports-jp.orgVisit source
- Reference 76DESIGNBOOMdesignboom.jpVisit source
- Reference 77FUSIONFOODfusionfood.jpVisit source
- Reference 78WEWORKwework.jpVisit source
- Reference 79JR-GROUPjr-group.comVisit source
- Reference 80SILENTWORKsilentwork.jpVisit source
- Reference 81NRA-JPnra-jp.orgVisit source
- Reference 82TABLECHECKtablecheck.comVisit source
- Reference 83ENECHOenecho.meti.go.jpVisit source
- Reference 84FOODWASTEfoodwaste.jpVisit source
- Reference 85JAPANSERVICEjapanservice.jpVisit source
- Reference 86ORBISorbis.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 87ZENDESKzendesk.jpVisit source
- Reference 88MENULABmenulab.jpVisit source
- Reference 89UBEREATSubereats.jpVisit source
- Reference 90KITCHEN-EQUIPkitchen-equip.jpVisit source
- Reference 91HOOTSUITEhootsuite.jpVisit source
- Reference 92SUPPLYCHAINsupplychain.jpVisit source
- Reference 93ACCOUNTINGCAFEaccountingcafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 94BARISTA-GUILDbarista-guild.jpVisit source
- Reference 95LED-JPled-jp.orgVisit source
- Reference 96APPANNIEappannie.jpVisit source
- Reference 97SAKURA-CAFEsakura-cafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 98TABLEHOTPEPPERtablehotpepper.jpVisit source
- Reference 99ROASTER-ASSOCroaster-assoc.jpVisit source
- Reference 100SOMPOsompo.jpVisit source
- Reference 101LOGISTICSlogistics.jpVisit source
- Reference 102QUALTRICSqualtrics.jpVisit source
- Reference 103FRANCHISE-JPfranchise-jp.orgVisit source
- Reference 104STARBUCKSstarbucks.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 105DOUTORdoutor.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 106KOMEDAkomeda.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 107TULLYStullys.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 108BLUEBOTTLECOFFEEbluebottlecoffee.jpVisit source
- Reference 109UCCucc.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 110EXCELSIOR-CAFFEexcelsior-caffe.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 111ARABICAarabica.coffeeVisit source
- Reference 112CAFEDECRIEcafedecrie.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 113STMARCstmarc.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 114TORAYA-GROUPtoraya-group.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 115PAULBOCUSEpaulbocuse.jpVisit source
- Reference 116COCOAREBAcocoareba.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 117MANNENCOFFEEmannencoffee.jpVisit source
- Reference 118SARUTAHIKOsarutahiko.coVisit source
- Reference 119FUGLEN-TOKYOfuglen-tokyo.comVisit source
- Reference 120STREAMERCOFFEEstreamercoffee.jpVisit source
- Reference 121ROOTS-CAFEroots-cafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 122VIEDEFRANCEviedefrance.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 123SEJsej.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 124LAWSONlawson.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 125FAMILYfamily.co.jpVisit source
- Reference 126MAIDREAMINmaidreamin.comVisit source
- Reference 127CALICOCAFEcalicocafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 128STARTUPCAFEstartupcafe.jpVisit source
- Reference 129INVESTORinvestor.starbucks.comVisit source