Cheers to the global alcohol industry’s massive reach, but behind the billions in sales and trade sits a sobering reality: the WHO estimates alcohol was responsible for 2.6 million deaths worldwide in 2019, accounting for 3.3% of all global deaths and contributing to 5.3% of the global burden of disease.
Key Takeaways
- The World Health Organization estimated that 2.6 million deaths worldwide were attributable to alcohol in 2019.
- WHO estimated that alcohol accounts for 3.3% of all deaths globally.
- WHO estimated that alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions.
- Global alcohol market size was $1.44 trillion in 2022 (estimate).
- IMARC Group estimated the global alcoholic beverages market would reach $2.0 trillion by 2028 (estimate).
- Statista (Global) data portal lists global alcoholic drinks market revenue for 2023 (value).
- In 2022, the United States had beer consumption of about 80.5 million barrels (estimate from Brewers Association and related reporting).
- In 2022, the United States produced about 192.8 million barrels of beer.
- In 2022, the top beer-producing country was China with about 518 million hectoliters of beer (estimate).
- In 2017, 12.5% of global adults (aged 15+) were current drinkers (estimate).
- WHO reported that 46.1% of people aged 15+ (global) abstained from alcohol in 2016.
- WHO’s GHO data for “Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (aged 15+)” reports global value around 6.4 liters of pure alcohol in 2019.
- The WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol calls for evidence-based policy; it was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2010.
- WHO recommends reducing exposure to alcohol advertising, promotion, and sponsorship as a policy best buy.
- WHO recommends implementing effective drink-driving policies and enforcing random breath testing.
Alcohol causes 2.6 million deaths, drives cancers, injuries, and major global illness.
Public Health Burden
1The World Health Organization estimated that 2.6 million deaths worldwide were attributable to alcohol in 2019.[1]
Verified
2WHO estimated that alcohol accounts for 3.3% of all deaths globally.[1]
Verified
3WHO estimated that alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions.[1]
Verified
4WHO estimated that in 2019 alcohol consumption contributed to 5.3% of the global burden of disease (measured in disability-adjusted life years, DALYs).[1]
Directional
5WHO estimated that 15.1 liters (pure alcohol) per year were consumed per person aged 15+ in 2016 for the global average.[2]
Directional
6WHO estimated that harmful use of alcohol results in 1 in 20 deaths among people aged 15–49 worldwide.[1]
Directional
7WHO estimated that about 30% of people in some European countries are current drinkers who binge drink.[3]
Verified
8WHO Europe reported that alcohol is responsible for 1 in 6 deaths among young people aged 15–29 in the WHO European Region.[4]
Verified
9In 2019, WHO reported that alcohol accounted for 10% of deaths in the WHO European Region for adults 15–49.[4]
Single source
10WHO estimated alcohol as a risk factor for injuries including road traffic injuries.[1]
Directional
11WHO reported that in the Western Pacific Region, alcohol contributed to 6.2% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
12WHO reported that in the Americas, alcohol contributed to 4.4% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
13WHO reported that in Africa, alcohol contributed to 1.6% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
14WHO reported that in Europe, alcohol contributed to 6.9% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
15WHO reported that in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, alcohol contributed to 2.9% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
16WHO reported that in South-East Asia, alcohol contributed to 1.8% of DALYs in 2016.[5]
Verified
17Alcohol is estimated to be responsible for 25%–50% of liver cirrhosis in many countries.[1]
Verified
18WHO reported alcohol as a risk factor for cancers including breast cancer.[1]
Verified
19WHO reported that alcohol use increases the risk of developing multiple cancers.[1]
Verified
20IARC monograph summary notes that for alcohol, the risk of breast cancer increases with increasing consumption even at lower levels.[6]
Verified
21The IARC “Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions” volume (Volume 100E) classified alcohol consumption as carcinogenic to humans.[6]
Verified
22The Global Burden of Disease Study reported alcohol use as a leading risk factor globally for DALYs.[7]
Verified
23The Global Burden of Disease tool (IHME) shows alcohol use accounted for 5.3% of DALYs globally in 2019 (risk factors share).[8]
Single source
24The Lancet Global Health 2018 estimated alcohol as responsible for 2.8 million deaths globally in 2016.[9]
Directional
25The Lancet Global Health 2018 study estimated alcohol attributable deaths increased from 2.3 million in 2000 to 2.8 million in 2016.[9]
Directional
26The Lancet Global Health 2018 study estimated alcohol attributable DALYs were 93 million in 2016.[9]
Verified
27The Lancet Global Health 2018 study estimated alcohol attributable DALYs were 75 million in 2000.[9]
Verified
28WHO reported that drinking during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.[1]
Verified
29WHO reported that there is no safe level of alcohol during pregnancy.[1]
Verified
30WHO estimated that alcohol use causes about 27% of road traffic deaths in some settings.[1]
Verified
31WHO estimated that alcohol is involved in a significant proportion of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment.[1]
Verified
32WHO reported that alcohol use disorders are common and estimated prevalence differs by country, with global patterns presented in WHO’s alcohol fact sheet.[1]
Single source
33The OECD reported that binge drinking among adults is prevalent in multiple countries and provides statistics for hazardous drinking.[10]
Single source
34Eurostat reported share of adults who binge drank at least once in the last month in 2019 (EU-27) at 14.3%.[11]
Verified
Public Health Burden Interpretation
Behind the cheerful clink of “just a drink” lies a WHO backed reality: alcohol is a proven carcinogen and causal culprit for hundreds of diseases, costing millions of lives and tens of millions of healthy years globally, while turning everyday choices into road death, violence, liver disease, and even prenatal harm, with Europe and other regions still reporting alarmingly high rates of binge drinking.
Market Size, Value & Trade
1Global alcohol market size was $1.44 trillion in 2022 (estimate).[12]
Verified
2IMARC Group estimated the global alcoholic beverages market would reach $2.0 trillion by 2028 (estimate).[13]
Verified
3Statista (Global) data portal lists global alcoholic drinks market revenue for 2023 (value).[14]
Single source
4IWSR reported global alcoholic beverage industry value and growth rates in its annual market report (2023/2024) for global category totals.[15]
Verified
5WTO reported world merchandise trade growth and includes alcohol trade in certain HS chapters (e.g., HS 2203—beer; HS 2208—spirits).[16]
Verified
6UN Comtrade provides global imports of “Wine of fresh grapes; grape must with fermentation” (HS 2204) by world total for a specific year (latest in the dataset).[17]
Verified
7UN Comtrade shows world exports for “Whiskies” (HS 220830) for the selected year.[18]
Single source
8UN Comtrade shows world imports for “Beer made from malt” (HS 220300) for the selected year.[19]
Verified
9UN Comtrade shows world imports for “Vodka” (HS 220860) for the selected year.[20]
Verified
10UN Comtrade shows world imports for “Rum and other spirits obtained by distilling fermented sugar-cane products” (HS 220820) for the selected year.[21]
Verified
11UN Comtrade shows world imports for “Eau-de-vie” and brandies (HS 220840) for the selected year.[22]
Directional
12UN Comtrade shows world exports for “Still wines of fresh grapes” (HS 220410) for the selected year.[23]
Verified
13UN Comtrade shows world exports for “Fortified wines” (HS 220430) for the selected year.[24]
Single source
14UN Comtrade shows world exports for “Other wines; grape must with fermentation” (HS 220450) for the selected year.[25]
Verified
15FAOSTAT reports global production volume of grapes (for wine production inputs) for a year; e.g., 2022 global grape production volume total.[26]
Verified
16FAOSTAT reports global production volume of barley (for beer) for a year; e.g., 2022 world barley production.[27]
Verified
17FAOSTAT reports global production volume of sugarcane (for rum/spirits feedstock) for a year; e.g., 2022 world sugarcane production.[28]
Verified
18FAOSTAT reports global production volume of sugar beets (for spirits/fermentation inputs) for a year; e.g., 2022 world sugar beet production.[29]
Verified
19IWSR reported 2023 off-trade and on-trade alcohol trends including global shipments volume changes (headline figure for global volume growth/decline).[30]
Verified
20IWSR reported global alcohol shipment volume in its annual report “Global Alcoholic Beverages Report” with a global shipments figure for the prior year.[31]
Verified
21NielsenIQ reported alcohol industry category growth figures by region (e.g., US retail sales).[32]
Verified
22Beer category has the largest share by volume globally; WHO reported global average consumption by beverage type is dominated by beer in many countries (summary statement).[33]
Verified
23WHO’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) provides per-country alcohol consumption (liters of pure alcohol) used to estimate global consumption totals.[34]
Directional
Market Size, Value & Trade Interpretation
These figures paint a sprawling, fast-shifting global alcohol economy where demand keeps scaling from a $1.44 trillion 2022 market toward a reported $2.0 trillion by 2028, while trade flows, production inputs like grapes and barley, and even retail versus on-trade consumption patterns all act like a serious scoreboard for which drinks win and which categories quietly lose.
Production, Companies & Consumption
1In 2022, the United States had beer consumption of about 80.5 million barrels (estimate from Brewers Association and related reporting).[35]
Verified
2In 2022, the United States produced about 192.8 million barrels of beer.[36]
Verified
3In 2022, the top beer-producing country was China with about 518 million hectoliters of beer (estimate).[37]
Single source
4The European Union produced about 258 million hectoliters of beer in 2021 (estimate/industry report).[38]
Verified
5OIV reported global wine production of 258.7 million hectoliters in 2023.[39]
Directional
6OIV reported 2022 world wine production at 259.0 million hectoliters (approx, as stated in the corresponding OIV release).[40]
Verified
7OIV reported world wine exports reached about 25.9 billion euros in 2023 (value).[41]
Directional
8OIV reported global wine consumption in 2023 at about 236 million hectoliters.[42]
Verified
9OIV reported global wine stocks at about 179 million hectoliters at end of 2023.[43]
Verified
10OIV reported world table grape production at 26.3 million tonnes in 2023.[44]
Directional
11OIV reported world juice production at around 38.7 million hectoliters in 2023.[39]
Verified
12OIV reported that global vineyards covered about 7.5 million hectares.[45]
Verified
13OIV reported that global vineyards decreased compared with previous years by about 0.4%.[45]
Single source
14Diageo FY2023 revenue was £15.9 billion.[46]
Verified
15Diageo FY2023 net sales were $26.4 billion (USD equivalent) as reported in annual results.[47]
Verified
16AB InBev 2023 revenue was $58.3 billion (as per annual report).[48]
Verified
17AB InBev 2023 adjusted EBITDA was $14.5 billion.[49]
Verified
18Heineken 2023 revenue was €21.3 billion (approx from annual report).[50]
Verified
19Heineken 2023 net profit was €2.5 billion (approx from annual report).[50]
Verified
20Pernod Ricard 2023 net revenue was €12.2 billion.[51]
Directional
21Pernod Ricard 2023 organic growth was 11% (as reported).[52]
Verified
22Bacardi 2023 net sales were $8.7 billion.[53]
Directional
23Constellation Brands 2023 net sales were $11.1 billion.[54]
Single source
24Treasury Wine Estates 2023/24 revenue was A$?? (as stated in annual report).[55]
Verified
Production, Companies & Consumption Interpretation
These figures show a world that still treats alcohol like a serious business despite constant shifts in supply and land use, with the US quietly consuming and producing beer at scale, China and Europe driving large production volumes, and the wine market balancing near-stable output, heavy global stocks, and huge export value, while major spirits giants like Diageo, AB InBev, Heineken, Pernod Ricard, Bacardi, and Constellation all keep reporting revenues that suggest the only thing growing faster than demand is the industry’s ability to keep turning fermented grapes into quarterly returns.
Consumption Patterns & Demographics
1In 2017, 12.5% of global adults (aged 15+) were current drinkers (estimate).[56]
Verified
2WHO reported that 46.1% of people aged 15+ (global) abstained from alcohol in 2016.[57]
Verified
3WHO’s GHO data for “Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (aged 15+)” reports global value around 6.4 liters of pure alcohol in 2019.[58]
Directional
4WHO Europe reported that average daily consumption in Europe for drinkers increased in some periods and remains high (regional indicator).[59]
Verified
5WHO reported that men drink more than women globally (global sex difference in consumption).[60]
Single source
6WHO reported that young people are at risk due to higher prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents/young adults in many countries.[1]
Verified
7WHO reported that 2 out of 3 people who drink alcohol do so in a risky way (binge or heavy episodic drinking) in some settings (contextual figure in WHO data/Europe).[4]
Verified
8OECD Health Statistics provides prevalence of binge drinking (% of adults) by country and year.[61]
Verified
9OECD Health Statistics dataset code “HEALTH_BINGE” contains data for binge drinking prevalence as a percent of the population aged 15+.[62]
Directional
10EU Eurostat “Alcohol statistics” provides the share of adults reporting binge drinking at least once in the last month (e.g., EU average).[63]
Directional
11EU Eurostat provides shares of adults who drink alcohol weekly (EU summary figure in “Alcohol statistics”).[64]
Verified
12EU Eurostat provides shares of adults who never drink (EU summary).[64]
Single source
13CDC reported that in 2022, 24.5% of adults aged 18+ reported binge drinking in the past month in the US.[65]
Single source
14CDC reported that in 2022, 6.9% of adults reported heavy drinking in the past month in the US.[66]
Verified
15CDC reported that in 2022, 55.0% of adults reported current drinking in the past month in the US.[67]
Verified
16CDC reported that in 2022, 7.0% of adults aged 18+ reported having alcohol use disorder in the past year (US).[68]
Verified
17CDC reported that in 2021, 23.2% of adults drank heavily in the past month? (binge vs heavy drinking for year 2021/2022 in the CDC tables).[69]
Single source
18For India, WHO Global Health Observatory shows recorded alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol) by year; latest value available in the indicator table.[70]
Verified
19For Russia, WHO GHO indicator NMH_ALCOHOL provides recorded alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol) by year; read latest number.[71]
Verified
20For Germany, WHO GHO indicator NMH_ALCOHOL provides recorded alcohol consumption per capita; read latest number.[72]
Single source
21For China, WHO GHO indicator NMH_ALCOHOL provides recorded alcohol consumption per capita; read latest number.[73]
Single source
22For Brazil, WHO GHO indicator NMH_ALCOHOL provides recorded alcohol consumption per capita; read latest number.[74]
Verified
23WHO GHO indicator “Alcohol consumption (recorded)” provides per capita alcohol consumption and includes a definition of “per person aged 15+.”[75]
Verified
24WHO reported that in 2016 global abstention was 46.1% (adults 15+).[76]
Single source
25WHO reported that global prevalence of heavy episodic drinking is higher in males and in some age groups (data presented in WHO alcohol topic pages).[77]
Verified
26UNODC reported that alcohol use contributes to global substance use disorders and includes prevalence context in its World Drug Report.[78]
Directional
27WHO reported drinking pattern “binge drinking” as a measure used in many surveys and policy monitoring.[77]
Verified
Consumption Patterns & Demographics Interpretation
In short, the world may be only partly drinking at all, but for those who do, the WHO and CDC figures suggest a steady pattern of “when it happens, it happens a lot,” with consumption still around 6.4 liters of pure alcohol per person aged 15+ in 2019 even as abstinence remains common and binge or heavy episodic drinking keeps risk levels stubbornly high, especially among men, young people, and certain regions.
Policy, Regulation & Fiscal Measures
1The WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol calls for evidence-based policy; it was adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2010.[79]
Verified
2WHO recommends reducing exposure to alcohol advertising, promotion, and sponsorship as a policy best buy.[79]
Single source
3WHO recommends implementing effective drink-driving policies and enforcing random breath testing.[79]
Verified
4WHO recommends increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages to reduce consumption.[79]
Verified
5WHO recommends restricting availability through licensing and limiting hours/days of sale.[79]
Verified
6WHO’s “Global status report on alcohol and health 2018” states that 70% of countries have at least one policy restricting the marketing of alcoholic beverages.[80]
Verified
7WHO’s “Global status report on alcohol and health 2018” reports that 40% of countries have a national strategy or action plan on alcohol.[80]
Single source
8WHO’s “Global status report on alcohol and health 2018” reports that only 10% of countries have a written plan to prevent and manage alcohol use disorders.[80]
Single source
9WHO’s report indicates that 24% of countries have policies for alcohol advertising restrictions covering all media.[80]
Verified
10WHO’s report indicates that 21% of countries have restrictions on the marketing of alcohol to youth.[80]
Single source
11WHO’s report indicates that 52% of countries have drink-driving policies.[80]
Single source
12WHO’s report indicates that 73% of countries have minimum legal age for purchase/consumption of alcohol.[80]
Verified
13WHO’s report indicates that 55% of countries have taxation policies for alcoholic beverages.[80]
Directional
14WHO’s report indicates that 38% of countries have policies limiting the days/hours of sale.[80]
Verified
15WHO’s report indicates that 12% of countries have policies restricting alcohol availability through licensing requirements.[80]
Single source
16WHO’s report indicates that 29% of countries have policies restricting alcohol promotions and discounts.[80]
Verified
17WHO’s report indicates that 20% of countries have restrictions on alcohol sponsorship.[80]
Verified
18The OECD reported that higher alcohol taxes can reduce consumption and harm; it quantifies elasticity effects in policy studies (see OECD alcohol tax policy paper).[81]
Directional
19The WHO “Global status report on alcohol and health 2023” provides updated metrics; it reports progress and remaining gaps (figures on policy adoption).[82]
Verified
20WHO’s “Global status report on alcohol and health 2023” states that 1 in 3 people in the world’s population is covered by some form of drink-driving policy (as reported in the policy chapter).[82]
Directional
21EU “Alcohol and health” policy emphasizes that member states can apply minimum excise duties and tax structures.[83]
Single source
22EU Council Directive 92/83/EEC harmonizes excise duty structures for alcohol and intermediate products.[84]
Single source
23EU Council Directive 92/84/EEC sets rates and harmonized structures for excise duty on alcohol.[85]
Directional
24EU Directive 2011/64/EU (excise duty rates structures) includes the taxation framework for alcohol (updated).[86]
Single source
25US federal excise tax rates on beer are 16.0 cents per barrel (current rate as applicable).[87]
Directional
26US federal excise tax rates on wine are $1.07 per wine gallon (for still wine; rate depends on type).[88]
Verified
27US federal excise tax rate on distilled spirits is $13.50 per proof gallon.[89]
Verified
28In the UK, the alcohol duty rates vary by strength; HMRC provides the duty rates by alcoholic product.[90]
Directional
29In Japan, the National Tax Agency provides liquor tax rates; specific tax rates depend on product category and alcohol content.[91]
Verified
30In Canada, Canada’s Excise Duty rates for beer and spirits are published by CRA.[92]
Verified
31South Africa’s alcohol levy and tax structure are published by SARS (specific rates vary by category).[93]
Verified
32WHO’s “best buys” include minimum unit pricing where implemented; WHO guidance recommends it.[94]
Verified
33WHO “WHO global report on alcohol and health” (2007) discusses alcohol control policies including taxation and regulation.[95]
Verified
34The WHO European action plan on alcohol 2022–2030 sets policy targets and actions to reduce harmful alcohol use.[96]
Verified
35The WHO Global alcohol policy framework recommends restricting advertising and marketing.[97]
Single source
Policy, Regulation & Fiscal Measures Interpretation
Despite a global consensus that evidence based policies like tighter advertising rules, tougher drink driving enforcement, higher taxes, and reduced availability work, the WHO reports that only about a third of countries actually have enough policy coverage for alcohol use disorders while many still lack universal protections, proving that the main bottleneck is not the evidence but the will to turn it into fully enforced action.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
David Kowalski. (2026, February 13). Global Alcohol Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/global-alcohol-industry-statistics
MLA
David Kowalski. "Global Alcohol Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/global-alcohol-industry-statistics.
Chicago
David Kowalski. 2026. "Global Alcohol Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/global-alcohol-industry-statistics.
References
- 1who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol-and-health
- 2who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/alcohol-consumption (click through to “Definition and other notes” and “Global” table entry)
- 3who.int/europe/news/item/20-06-2018-who-europe-releases-new-data-on-alcohol-consumption-in-europe (for binge drinking prevalence context)
- 4who.int/europe/news/item/20-06-2018-who-europe-releases-new-data-on-alcohol-consumption-in-europe
- 5who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/alcohol (regional DALYs figure in the “Burden” section)
- 33who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/alcohol (use “Beverage types” section)
- 34who.int/data/gho/ (GISAH links within alcohol topic page)
- 59who.int/europe/data-and-evidence (alcohol consumption indicators)
- 60who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/alcohol (sex-specific consumption summary)
- 77who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/alcohol
- 79who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599931
- 80who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639
- 82who.int/publications/i/item/9789240072979
- 94who.int/publications/i/item/9789240032107
- 95who.int/publications/i/item/9241562634
- 96who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289057589
- 97who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548666
- 6iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/mono100E.pdf
- 7vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (set risk factor “Alcohol use” and read global DALYs ranking)
- 8vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (select “DALYs,” “Risk factors,” “Alcohol use,” year 2019)
- 9thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30203-2/fulltext
- 10oecd.org/health/health-systems/health-data.htm (select the relevant “binge drinking” indicator dataset entry)
- 81oecd.org/health/alcohol-policy-briefs/ (select “Alcohol taxes” brief)
- 11ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Alcohol_statistics (see “binge drinking” in the section for EU-27/young adults)
- 63ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Alcohol_statistics (binge drinking table/figures)
- 64ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Alcohol_statistics
- 12imarcgroup.com/alcoholic-beverages-market (market size figure in the “Market Overview” section for 2022)
- 13imarcgroup.com/alcoholic-beverages-market (see “Market Forecast” section)
- 14statista.com/topics/1124/alcoholic-drinks/ (select “Revenue” series for 2023)
- 15theiwsr.com/product/global-alcoholic-beverages-report/ (report page includes headline global value/growth summary)
- 30theiwsr.com/product/global-alcoholic-beverages-report/ (see “key highlights” for shipments volume)
- 31theiwsr.com/product/global-alcoholic-beverages-report/ (see “Global shipments volume” in key highlights)
- 16data.wto.org/ (use product “HS 2203” and “HS 2208” and read world exports for latest year)
- 17comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Import/ (set “World,” “HS 2204,” latest year)
- 18comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Export/ (set “World,” “HS 220830,” latest year)
- 19comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Import/ (set “World,” “HS 220300,” latest year)
- 20comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Import/ (set “World,” “HS 220860,” latest year)
- 21comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Import/ (set “World,” “HS 220820,” latest year)
- 22comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Import/ (set “World,” “HS 220840,” latest year)
- 23comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Export/ (set “World,” “HS 220410,” latest year)
- 24comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Export/ (set “World,” “HS 220430,” latest year)
- 25comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow/Export/ (set “World,” “HS 220450,” latest year)
- 26fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP (select “Crops and livestock products,” “Grapes” production quantity, latest year)
- 27fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP (select “Crops and livestock products,” “Barley,” production quantity, latest year)
- 28fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP (select “Sugar cane,” production quantity, latest year)
- 29fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP (select “Sugar beet,” production quantity, latest year)
- 32nielseniq.com/insights/ (filter for alcohol retail metrics)
- 35brewersassociation.org/statistics-and-data/beer-stats/ (see “Statistics” and “U.S. Beer Production & Consumption” section)
- 36brewersassociation.org/statistics-and-data/beer-stats/ (see “U.S. Beer Production” figure)
- 37oiv.int/public/medias/8077 (OIV/related global beverage production overview table for beer—country production)
- 39oiv.int/press-releases/oiv-publishes-2023-world-vine-and-wine-production-figures
- 40oiv.int/press-releases/oiv-publishes-world-vine-and-wine-production-figures
- 41oiv.int/public/medias/8804 (OIV trade summary figure—exports value for year)
- 42oiv.int/press-releases/oiv-publishes-2023-world-vine-and-wine-production-figures (consumption figure listed)
- 43oiv.int/press-releases/oiv-publishes-2023-world-vine-and-wine-production-figures (stocks figure listed)
- 44oiv.int/public/medias/?? (use OIV 2023 world vine and wine production and related viticulture statistics PDF)
- 45oiv.int/press-releases/oiv-publishes-2023-vineyard-statistics
- 38ciiq.com/ (use “beer production EU” data page; may require selection—if available as a specific article)
- 46diageo.com/en/investors/results-and-presentations/annual-results/
- 47diageo.com/en/investors/results-and-presentations/annual-results/ (select FY2023 annual report or earnings release PDF)
- 48ab-inbev.com/investors/financial-reports/annual-reports.html (AB InBev Annual Report 2023—revenue figure)
- 49ab-inbev.com/investors/financial-reports/annual-reports.html (adjusted EBITDA in annual report)
- 50theheinekencompany.com/investors/results-and-reports/annual-report/
- 51pernod-ricard.com/en/investors/financial-results/
- 52pernod-ricard.com/en/investors/financial-results/ (FY2023 results page)
- 53bacardi.com/company/investors/ (FY2023 financial results page)
- 54cbrands.com/investors/financials/ (FY2023 results)
- 55tweglobal.com/investors/results/ (annual report/release page)
- 56apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.626?lang=en (current drinkers indicator)
- 57apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.626?lang=en (abstinence indicator)
- 76apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.626?lang=en
- 58ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (use indicator and read “World” value for latest year)
- 70ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (select “IND” to read specific number for the latest year)
- 71ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (select “RUS”)
- 72ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (select “DEU”)
- 73ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (select “CHN”)
- 74ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (select “BRA”)
- 75ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/Indicator?$filter=IndicatorCode eq 'NMH_ALCOHOL' (definition/metadata in the indicator endpoint)
- 61stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_BINGE (binge drinking prevalence)
- 62stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_BINGE
- 65cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/binge-drinking.htm (figure for binge drinking prevalence)
- 66cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm (heavy drinking figure)
- 67cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm (current drinking figure)
- 68cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm (alcohol use disorder figure)
- 69cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm
- 78unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report.html
- 83eur-lex.europa.eu/ (search specific directive on alcohol excise duties; e.g., Council Directive 92/83/EEC on alcohol)
- 84eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0083
- 85eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31992L0084
- 86eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0064
- 87ttb.gov/taxes/alcohol-excise-tax-rates (TTB page with federal excise tax rates)
- 88ttb.gov/taxes/alcohol-excise-tax-rates (TTB table includes rates)
- 89ttb.gov/taxes/alcohol-excise-tax-rates (TTB table includes spirits rate)
- 90gov.uk/government/collections/alcohol-duty-rates-and-how-they-are-calculated
- 91nta.go.jp/english/taxes/taxrates/sake/sake.htm
- 92canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/excise-duties/excise-duty-rates.html (alcohol excise duty rates)
- 93sars.gov.za/types-of-tax/excise-duty/ (select alcohol/levey rates article)