Drug use affects millions across the U.S. and beyond, and the rates shift by demographics and location. In 2022, urban residents reported 26.3% past-year drug use versus 21.8% in rural areas. Patterns also differ by race/ethnicity and education, and the story turns from prevalence to consequences—especially substance-specific harms like opioids and fentanyl—then to treatment access and how service trends changed over time.
Key Takeaways
- In U.S., males aged 18-25 have 2.5 times higher past-year drug use rate than females per NSDUH 2022.
- Non-Hispanic Whites had 25.1% past-year illicit drug use vs 22.4% for Blacks in 2022 NSDUH.
- Urban residents showed 26.3% past-year drug use vs 21.8% rural in 2022 U.S. data.
- Drug use costs U.S. economy $1.02 trillion annually including lost productivity per NIH 2023.
- Opioid crisis cost U.S. $1.02 trillion in 2020 per CDC economic burden study.
- Workplace drug use leads to 70% higher absenteeism costing $84 billion yearly per NSF.
- Chronic heroin use led to 109,000 overdose deaths globally in 2021 UNODC.
- Opioid overdose deaths in U.S. reached 81,806 in 2022 per CDC NVSS.
- Fentanyl was involved in 68% of all U.S. drug overdose deaths in 2022 CDC data.
- In 2022, an estimated 70.2 million people aged 12 or older (24.9% of the population) had used illicit drugs in the past year according to the NSDUH.
- Lifetime prevalence of marijuana use among U.S. adults aged 18+ reached 52.5% in 2021 per CDC data.
- In 2023, 18.7% of U.S. adolescents aged 12-17 reported past-year use of any illicit drug excluding marijuana.
- 2.3 million U.S. adults received SUD treatment in 2022 per NSDUH.
- Only 10.3% of people with heroin use disorder received treatment in past year per SAMHSA.
- Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with buprenorphine reached 875,000 users in 2022 CDC.
U.S. illicit drug use persists at high levels, costing trillions and driving opioid deaths, with treatment reach far too low.
Related reading
01 · Category
Demographics18 stats
01
In U.S., males aged 18-25 have 2.5 times higher past-year drug use rate than females per NSDUH 2022.
02
Non-Hispanic Whites had 25.1% past-year illicit drug use vs 22.4% for Blacks in 2022 NSDUH.
03
Urban residents showed 26.3% past-year drug use vs 21.8% rural in 2022 U.S. data.
04
College graduates had lower 15.2% drug use rate vs 28.4% high school only in 2022.
05
LGBTQ+ youth report 40% past-year illicit drug use vs 15% heterosexual peers per CDC 2023.
06
American Indian/Alaska Native adults have 2x opioid misuse rate vs national average per SAMHSA.
07
Employed full-time adults had 22.1% past-month alcohol use disorder vs 14.5% unemployed per NSDUH.
08
Hispanics had 20.8% marijuana past-year use vs 17.1% non-Hispanics in 2022.
09
Males account for 70% of methamphetamine users aged 12+ per NSDUH 2022.
10
Adults 26+ in U.S. had highest prescription misuse at 4.1% vs youth per 2022 data.
11
Low-income households (<$20k) showed 30.2% drug use vs 18.5% high-income per NSDUH.
12
Females aged 12-17 had higher inhalant use at 4.2% vs 3.6% males in MTFS 2023.
13
Asian Americans lowest drug use at 12.4% past-year vs other groups per CDC.
14
Veterans have 11% past-year opioid misuse vs 4.9% civilians per VA 2022.
15
Rural youth 12-17 have 1.5x higher misuse of pain relievers per SAMHSA.
16
College-aged males 19-22 use marijuana 2x more than females per MTFS.
17
Black youth highest cocaine use at 1.8% past-year vs Whites 0.9% per NSDUH.
18
Unmarried adults have 28% drug use rate vs 19% married per 2022 data.
Interpretation
Demographics Interpretation
Across demographics, substance use rates vary sharply, such as LGBTQ+ youth reporting 40% past-year illicit drug use versus 15% for heterosexual peers, underscoring that drug use is strongly patterned by group identity and background.
02 · Category
Economic Costs16 stats
01
Drug use costs U.S. economy $1.02 trillion annually including lost productivity per NIH 2023.
02
Opioid crisis cost U.S. $1.02 trillion in 2020 per CDC economic burden study.
03
Workplace drug use leads to 70% higher absenteeism costing $84 billion yearly per NSF.
04
Methamphetamine societal costs estimated at $23.4 billion annually in U.S. per RAND.
05
Prescription opioid misuse costs healthcare $78.5 billion per year per IOM report.
06
Global illicit drug trade valued at $650 billion in 2022 per UNODC.
07
Alcohol-related healthcare costs $249 billion annually in U.S. per CDC.
08
Crime costs from drug use total $193 billion yearly in U.S. per NIH.
09
Tobacco economic burden $300 billion/year in U.S. healthcare and productivity per CDC.
10
Heroin production and trafficking generate $50 billion for cartels annually per DEA.
11
Lost lifetime earnings from opioid deaths $504 billion for 2001-2021 cohort per CDC.
12
Cocaine-related criminal justice costs $38 billion/year in U.S. per ONDCP.
13
Emergency department visits for drugs cost $34 billion annually per HCUP.
14
Marijuana legalization saved states $3.6 billion in enforcement costs 2017-2022 per ACLU.
15
Fentanyl trafficking costs U.S. customs $2.5 billion in interdiction yearly per CBP.
16
Treatment for SUD costs $42 billion/year but saves $7 for each $1 spent per NIH.
Interpretation
Economic Costs Interpretation
Across the Economic Costs of drug use, the United States alone is tied to an estimated $1.02 trillion each year in total losses and the opioid crisis matches that same $1.02 trillion figure in 2020, showing how profoundly drug-related harm is draining economic productivity at massive scale.
03 · Category
Health Effects19 stats
01
Chronic heroin use led to 109,000 overdose deaths globally in 2021 UNODC.
02
Opioid overdose deaths in U.S. reached 81,806 in 2022 per CDC NVSS.
03
Fentanyl was involved in 68% of all U.S. drug overdose deaths in 2022 CDC data.
04
Marijuana use associated with 22% increased risk of schizophrenia per 2023 meta-analysis in Lancet.
05
Cocaine use causes 14,000 cardiovascular deaths annually in U.S. per NIH estimates.
06
Methamphetamine use linked to 1.5 times higher stroke risk in users under 45 per JAMA 2022.
07
Heroin injection leads to HIV infection in 10% of users within 5 years per CDC.
08
Alcohol misuse contributes to 140,000 deaths yearly in U.S. including liver cirrhosis per CDC.
09
Tobacco smoking causes 480,000 deaths annually in U.S. per CDC 2023.
10
Benzodiazepine overdose deaths rose 4-fold from 2002-2019 to 12,000 per CDC.
11
Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome hospitalizations increased 4.5 times from 2017-2021 per NEJM.
12
Opioid use disorder increases suicide risk 10-fold per 2022 JAMA Psychiatry study.
13
Meth use associated with 3.7 times higher Parkinson's risk per Neurology 2023.
14
Cocaine cardiomyopathy affects 25% of chronic users per Circulation 2021.
15
Heroin withdrawal symptoms peak at 48-72 hours in 90% of users per NIDA.
16
MDMA use impairs serotonin function for up to 2 years in 70% of heavy users per NIH.
17
Kratom-related seizures reported in 1,800 cases to FDA from 2011-2022.
18
Psilocybin accidental ingestion leads to 7,000 ER visits yearly in U.S. per CDC.
19
Stimulant use during pregnancy increases preterm birth risk by 40% per JAMA 2022.
Interpretation
Health Effects Interpretation
Health effects from drug use are starkly concentrated in the opioid and synthetic opioid era, with 81,806 opioid overdose deaths in the U.S. in 2022 and fentanyl showing up in 68% of them, alongside other major harms like 14,000 annual U.S. cardiovascular deaths from cocaine and a 1.5 times higher stroke risk with meth for users under 45.
More related reading
04 · Category
Prevalence20 stats
01
In 2022, an estimated 70.2 million people aged 12 or older (24.9% of the population) had used illicit drugs in the past year according to the NSDUH.
02
Lifetime prevalence of marijuana use among U.S. adults aged 18+ reached 52.5% in 2021 per CDC data.
03
In 2023, 18.7% of U.S. adolescents aged 12-17 reported past-year use of any illicit drug excluding marijuana.
04
Global past-year cannabis use prevalence was 4.0% (219 million users) in 2022 according to UNODC World Drug Report.
05
Opioid use disorder affected 6.1 million people aged 12+ in the U.S. in 2021 per SAMHSA NSDUH.
06
Past-month cocaine use among U.S. adults was 2.0% (5.2 million people) in 2022 NSDUH data.
07
Hallucinogen past-year use prevalence was 3.0% among young adults aged 18-25 in 2022.
08
Inhalant use in the past year among 8th graders dropped to 3.9% in 2023 MTFS.
09
Methamphetamine past-year use was 1.7% among U.S. adults 18+ in 2022 NSDUH.
10
Global amphetamine-type stimulant use reached 34 million past-year users in 2022 per UNODC.
11
Past-month prescription pain reliever misuse was 3.4% among U.S. youth 12-17 in 2022.
12
Ecstasy/MDMA past-year use prevalence was 2.7% for young adults in 2023 MTFS.
13
Heroin past-year use affected 0.9 million U.S. people 12+ in 2021 NSDUH.
14
Global cocaine use prevalence was 1.0% (22 million users) in 2022 UNODC report.
15
Past-year tranquilizer misuse was 2.1% among U.S. adults in 2022.
16
LSD past-year use was 1.1% among college students in 2023 MTFS.
17
In 2022, 48.7 million U.S. people 12+ used marijuana in past year (17.3%).
18
Synthetic cannabinoid past-year use was 1.2% among high school seniors in 2023.
19
Fentanyl past-year use estimated at 3.5 million among U.S. adults in 2022 CDC data.
20
Global opioid use disorder prevalence was 60 million in 2022 per WHO.
Interpretation
Prevalence Interpretation
Across the Prevalence category, illicit drug use is widespread, with 24.9% of people aged 12 or older in 2022 totaling 70.2 million and marijuana lifetime use reaching 52.5% among U.S. adults in 2021, showing that the issue affects a large share of the population even as specific substances vary.
05 · Category
Treatment15 stats
01
2.3 million U.S. adults received SUD treatment in 2022 per NSDUH.
02
Only 10.3% of people with heroin use disorder received treatment in past year per SAMHSA.
03
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with buprenorphine reached 875,000 users in 2022 CDC.
04
SUD treatment admissions dropped 20% during COVID to 1.4 million in 2021 per TEDS.
05
90-day residential treatment success rate 50-60% for opioids per NIDA studies.
06
Methadone programs serve 405,000 patients daily in U.S. per SAMHSA 2023.
07
Relapse rate within 1 year post-treatment is 40-60% for cocaine SUD per NIH.
08
Contingency management boosts abstinence 50% in stimulant treatment per APA.
09
21.3 million needed SUD treatment but only 4.3 million received it in 2022 NSDUH.
10
Naloxone distribution prevented 26,000 overdose deaths 1996-2021 per CDC.
11
Buprenorphine prescriptions increased 128% from 2013-2022 to 8 million per IQVIA.
12
12-step programs like AA achieve 20-30% abstinence at 1 year per meta-analysis.
13
Telehealth SUD treatment visits surged 60% in 2022 per CMS data.
14
Youth SUD treatment completion rate 65% for outpatient vs 50% residential per SAMHSA.
15
Polysubstance treatment success 35% lower than single substance per NIDA.
Interpretation
Treatment Interpretation
Treatment for substance use disorders remains far from reaching everyone in need, with only 10.3% of people with heroin use disorder receiving care in the past year and just 2.3 million U.S. adults getting SUD treatment in 2022 even though medication options like buprenorphine reached 875,000 users and methadone programs served 405,000 patients daily.
report visual · Comparison
Drug use prevalence and related burden
Recent national estimates show a substantial share of the U.S. population reports illicit drug use, underscoring ongoing public-health and economic burden.
Opioid overdose deaths in U.S. reached 81,806 in 2022 per CDC NVSS.81,806
In 2022, an estimated 70.2 million people aged 12 or older (24.9% of the population) had used illicit drugs in the past 24.9%
Drug use costs U.S. economy $1.02 trillion annually including lost productivity per NIH 2023.$1.02
Opioid crisis cost U.S. $1.02 trillion in 2020 per CDC economic burden study.$1.02
Reference
Cite This Report
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APA
Daniel Varga. (2026, February 13). Drug Usage Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/drug-usage-statistics
MLA
Daniel Varga. "Drug Usage Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/drug-usage-statistics.
Chicago
Daniel Varga. 2026. "Drug Usage Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/drug-usage-statistics.
Sources & references
23 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level