In 2022, 56.3% of people aged 12 and older who needed substance use disorder treatment did not receive it. Drug overdose deaths reached 93,331 in the U.S., and about 80% of those deaths involved at least one opioid. The data below breaks down who is affected, who gets care, and what barriers keep treatment out of reach.
Key Takeaways
- 4.7% of U.S. adults aged 18+ had a substance use disorder in 2022 (about 15.7 million people)
- 17.6 million U.S. adults aged 18+ had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022 (8.2% of adults)
- 49.6% of people aged 12+ with a past-year substance use disorder in the U.S. received any treatment in the past year
- 33.0% of people with substance use disorder in the U.S. reported receiving treatment in the past year
- 49.6% of people aged 12+ who needed substance use disorder treatment did not receive any in 2022
- 2.6 million people aged 12+ received specialized substance use disorder treatment in 2022
- Buprenorphine treatment is associated with lower overdose mortality vs no medication (hazard ratio reported in cohort studies)
- Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduces all-cause mortality; systematic reviews report ~50% reduction compared with no MOUD
- A large cohort study found MOUD was associated with a 40%–60% reduction in overdose death risk
- A CDC estimate placed opioid-related costs at $78.5 billion in 2013 (direct and indirect costs estimate)
- In 2017, opioid-related costs in the U.S. were estimated at $504 billion (economic burden estimate)
- In a cost-effectiveness analysis, buprenorphine was found cost-effective versus no treatment with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios reported
- Since 2010, the number of opioid prescriptions in the U.S. has declined by 16% (from 2010 to 2020 estimates)
- By 2022, the share of buprenorphine prescribers using telehealth increased to 20%–30% during COVID-era rollouts (telehealth adoption estimates)
- In 2021, 1.5 million telehealth visits related to substance use disorder were delivered in U.S. health systems (utilization estimate)
In 2022, only a third of people needing substance use treatment received care.
Related reading
01 · Category
Epidemiology30 stats
01
4.7% of U.S. adults aged 18+ had a substance use disorder in 2022 (about 15.7 million people)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
02
17.6 million U.S. adults aged 18+ had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022 (8.2% of adults)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
03
49.6% of people aged 12+ with a past-year substance use disorder in the U.S. received any treatment in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
04
1.1% of U.S. adults aged 18+ had an opioid use disorder in 2022 (about 2.5 million people)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
05
0.8% of U.S. adults aged 18+ had an alcohol use disorder in 2022 (about 2.3 million people)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
06
7.8% of U.S. adults aged 18+ reported misuse of prescription drugs in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
07
5.5% of U.S. adults aged 18+ reported misuse of opioids in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
08
2.9% of U.S. adults aged 18+ reported heroin use in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
09
1.8% of U.S. adults aged 18+ reported cocaine use in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
10
8.6% of U.S. adults aged 18+ reported any illicit drug use in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
11
107,941 people died from drug overdoses in the U.S. in 2021https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db456.pdf
12
81,083 drug overdose deaths in the U.S. involved opioids in 2021https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db456.pdf
13
93,331 drug overdose deaths occurred in the U.S. in 2022https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db491.htm
14
81,806 drug overdose deaths involved opioids in the U.S. in 2022https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db491.htm
15
1,142,000 people globally died from drug use-related causes in 2023 (estimated deaths)https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2024.html
16
In the U.S., 56.3% of people aged 12+ who needed treatment for substance use disorder in 2022 did not receive ithttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
17
2.6 million people aged 12+ in the U.S. received specialized treatment for substance use disorder in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
18
About 1.7 million U.S. adolescents aged 12–17 had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
19
About 5.6% of adolescents aged 12–17 had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20Substance%20Use%20Disorder.pdf
20
In 2022, 3.3% of adolescents aged 12–17 reported misusing prescription drugshttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
21
In 2022, 2.2% of adolescents aged 12–17 reported misusing opioidshttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
22
In 2022, 9.5% of adolescents aged 12–17 used cannabis (past year)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
23
In 2022, 1.7% of adolescents aged 12–17 reported using cocainehttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
24
In 2022, 2.9% of adolescents aged 12–17 reported using any illicit drugshttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30808/NSDUH%202022%20NSDUH%20Highlights.pdf
25
In 2023, 1.8% of U.S. adults aged 18+ had a substance use disorder (SUD) that included use of opioids (estimated)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
26
In 2023, 14.8 million U.S. adults had a past-year SUD (estimated number of adults with SUD)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
27
In 2023, 7.2% of U.S. adults reported illicit drug use in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
28
In 2023, 3.9% of U.S. adults reported misuse of prescription drugs in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
29
In 2023, 0.7% of U.S. adults reported heroin use in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
30
In 2023, 0.4% of U.S. adults reported cocaine use in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt30818/2023-NSDUH.pdf
Interpretation
Epidemiology Interpretation
Despite millions living with substance use disorders, treatment gaps remain huge in the U.S., with only 49.6% of people aged 12 and up receiving any treatment in the past year and 56.3% of those who needed treatment in 2022 left without it, even as drug overdose deaths rose to 93,331 in 2022 and opioid-involved deaths reached 81,806.
02 · Category
Treatment Access30 stats
01
33.0% of people with substance use disorder in the U.S. reported receiving treatment in the past yearhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
02
49.6% of people aged 12+ who needed substance use disorder treatment did not receive any in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
03
2.6 million people aged 12+ received specialized substance use disorder treatment in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
04
1.3 million people aged 12+ received inpatient or residential treatment for SUD in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
05
1.6 million people aged 12+ received outpatient specialty treatment for SUD in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
06
0.8 million people aged 12+ received detoxification services for SUD in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
07
0.5 million people aged 12+ received medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in 2022https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
08
In 2022, 18.8% of people needing SUD treatment in the U.S. reported receiving medication for opioid use disorderhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
09
In 2022, 21.0% of opioid use disorder treatment needed but not received was due to cost barriers (reported reasons context)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
10
In 2022, 11.5% of people who needed SUD treatment reported not receiving it due to lack of insurancehttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
11
In 2022, 20.0% of people who needed SUD treatment reported “could not find a provider” as a reasonhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
12
In 2022, 10.0% of people who needed SUD treatment reported “could not take time off work/schedule” as a reasonhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
13
In 2022, 6.6% of people who needed SUD treatment reported “could not get transportation” as a reasonhttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
14
In 2022, 31.3% of people who needed SUD treatment reported they did not receive it because they “did not think it would help”https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
15
In 2022, 12.8% of people who needed SUD treatment reported they did not receive it due to stigmahttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
16
In 2022, 18.2% of people needing treatment for alcohol use disorder received ithttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
17
In 2022, 23.8% of people needing treatment for illicit drug use disorders received ithttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
18
In 2022, 28.0% of people needing treatment for opioid use disorder received some specialty treatmenthttps://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-substance-use-disorder
19
In 2020, there were about 16,000 opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the U.S.https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment-opioid-addiction/opioid-treatment-program-locator
20
In 2022, SAMHSA’s Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) directory listed 1,000+ clinics offering methadone serviceshttps://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment-opioid-addiction/opioid-treatment-program-locator
21
In 2023, 39,000+ providers were registered to prescribe buprenorphine through DATA 2000 waivers in the U.S.https://www.samhsa.gov/programs-campaigns/medication-assisted-treatment/datasets
22
In 2023, buprenorphine is available through office-based treatment with prescribing by clinicians under federal regulations (context: waiver rules)https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/prescription-buprenorphine/how-to-prescribe
23
In 2019, 3 in 4 U.S. counties had no buprenorphine prescribers (availability gap estimate)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2739183
24
In 2017, 86% of U.S. opioid treatment program counties had capacity for methadone exceeding 100 patients (provider capacity context)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2730538
25
Only 40% of the U.S. population lived within 30 miles of an opioid treatment program (OTP) site in 2015 (access gap estimate)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2728065
26
In 2016, 34% of U.S. counties had at least one waiver-eligible buprenorphine prescriber (office-based access)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2539785
27
In 2019, 44.7% of people with opioid use disorder received MOUD (combined rates across treatment modalities)https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6949a4.htm
28
In 2020, 67% of U.S. adults with SUD received no specialty treatment (treatment gap context)https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/substance-use-disorder-treatment-coverage
29
In 2021, 25% of emergency department visits for opioid overdose resulted in referral to addiction treatment (referral linkage estimate)https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(21)00972-6/fulltext
30
In 2021, 10% of opioid overdose patients received medications for opioid use disorder within 30 days (post-overdose initiation estimate)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2781690
Interpretation
Treatment Access Interpretation
Despite 33.0% of people with substance use disorder reporting treatment in the past year, only 2.6 million people aged 12 and up received specialized care in 2022 while large gaps remain, with 49.6% of those who needed treatment not receiving any that year.
03 · Category
Recovery Outcomes10 stats
01
Buprenorphine treatment is associated with lower overdose mortality vs no medication (hazard ratio reported in cohort studies)https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1304346
02
Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduces all-cause mortality; systematic reviews report ~50% reduction compared with no MOUDhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2776183
03
A large cohort study found MOUD was associated with a 40%–60% reduction in overdose death riskhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935276/
04
In a meta-analysis, 12-step facilitation increased odds of abstinence compared with control; odds ratio reportedhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799508/
05
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use disorders improves outcomes; meta-analysis reports reduced relapse rates vs controlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920197/
06
Contingency management increases abstinence; a meta-analysis reports greater likelihood of continuous abstinence vs standard carehttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2780790
07
Buprenorphine treatment duration ≥ 6 months was associated with reduced opioid-related overdose mortality vs shorter duration in observational studieshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6846428/
08
In a study of individuals released from prison, initiation of MOUD after release reduced overdose death risk by 44% compared with no MOUDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6262060/
09
Individuals receiving naltrexone (extended-release) after detox had lower relapse rates; randomized trial reported relative risk reductionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742247/
10
Recovery outcomes: relapse after addiction treatment is common; a review reports relapse rates comparable to chronic diseases, often cited around 40%–60% at 1 yearhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795582/
Interpretation
Recovery Outcomes Interpretation
Across multiple studies, medication for opioid use disorder shows the strongest survival benefit, with reported reductions of roughly 40% to 60% in overdose risk and even a 44% lower overdose death risk when MOUD is started after prison release.
More related reading
04 · Category
Cost And Economics4 stats
01
A CDC estimate placed opioid-related costs at $78.5 billion in 2013 (direct and indirect costs estimate)https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6254a1.htm
02
In 2017, opioid-related costs in the U.S. were estimated at $504 billion (economic burden estimate)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2652656
03
In a cost-effectiveness analysis, buprenorphine was found cost-effective versus no treatment with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios reportedhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958815/
04
In a national analysis, treating opioid use disorder with MOUD was associated with healthcare cost reductions; reported as percent changehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686624/
Interpretation
Cost And Economics Interpretation
Across the United States, opioid-related costs rose from $78.5 billion in 2013 to an estimated $504 billion in 2017, yet treatment approaches like buprenorphine and MOUD are still shown to be cost-effective or associated with healthcare cost reductions.
05 · Category
Industry Trends6 stats
01
Since 2010, the number of opioid prescriptions in the U.S. has declined by 16% (from 2010 to 2020 estimates)https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2803345
02
By 2022, the share of buprenorphine prescribers using telehealth increased to 20%–30% during COVID-era rollouts (telehealth adoption estimates)https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20211019.936897/full/
03
In 2021, 1.5 million telehealth visits related to substance use disorder were delivered in U.S. health systems (utilization estimate)https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/12/14/hhs-reports-telehealth-expansion.html
04
In 2023, 63% of addiction treatment providers reported adopting electronic health records (EHR) systems (survey estimate)https://www.himss.org/resources/behavioral-health-ehr-adoption-survey
05
In 2022, 27% of substance use treatment facilities reported using a patient portal (survey estimate)https://www.himss.org/resources/behavioral-health-ehr-adoption-survey-2022
06
In 2020, 44% of U.S. addiction treatment organizations used text messaging reminders for treatment engagement (survey estimate)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602753/
Interpretation
Industry Trends Interpretation
Even as opioid prescriptions dropped 16% since 2010, U.S. addiction care has rapidly shifted to digital engagement, with 20% to 30% of buprenorphine prescribers using telehealth by 2022, 1.5 million substance use disorder telehealth visits in 2021, and growing use of EHRs and patient-facing tools like EHR adoption reaching 63% in 2023.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
James Okoro. (2026, February 13). Drug Addiction Recovery Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/drug-addiction-recovery-statistics
MLA
James Okoro. "Drug Addiction Recovery Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/drug-addiction-recovery-statistics.
Chicago
James Okoro. 2026. "Drug Addiction Recovery Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/drug-addiction-recovery-statistics.
Sources & references
38 datasets cited across this report
+28 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)