GITNUXREPORT 2026

Drought Statistics

Droughts are intensifying globally, worsening food and water security for millions.

Rajesh Patel

Team Lead & Senior Researcher with over 15 years of experience in market research and data analytics.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

Rising temperatures due to climate change have increased atmospheric demand for water by 7% per 1°C warming, exacerbating drought conditions

Statistic 2

El Niño events increase drought risk by 50% in tropical regions

Statistic 3

Deforestation contributes to 12% of drought vulnerability in the Amazon through reduced evapotranspiration

Statistic 4

Soil degradation from overgrazing reduces water retention by 20-30% in arid lands

Statistic 5

Urbanization increases drought severity by 14% via impervious surfaces reducing infiltration

Statistic 6

Anthropogenic aerosols have masked drought trends by 10-20% in some regions until recently

Statistic 7

Groundwater overexploitation accounts for 30% of drought intensification in India

Statistic 8

Climate models project a 20-30% increase in meteorological drought frequency by 2050 under RCP4.5

Statistic 9

La Niña phases double drought probability in southern Africa

Statistic 10

Land-use change has increased drought risk by 25% in Mediterranean Europe since 1960

Statistic 11

Volcanic eruptions can trigger short-term droughts via cooling, as in 1991 Pinatubo reducing global precip by 3%

Statistic 12

Irrigation expansion has depleted aquifers by 300 km³/year globally, worsening hydrological droughts

Statistic 13

Pacific Decadal Oscillation positive phase increases US Southwest drought risk by 20%

Statistic 14

Biofuel production competes for water, contributing 5-10% to drought stress in maize belts

Statistic 15

Arctic amplification enhances mid-latitude drought via jet stream waviness, increasing risk by 15%

Statistic 16

Poor soil management reduces drought resilience by 40% in rainfed agriculture areas

Statistic 17

Global warming has shifted snowmelt timing earlier by 5-10 days per decade, intensifying spring droughts

Statistic 18

Ocean-atmosphere coupling amplifies Indian summer monsoon droughts by 30% during weak phases

Statistic 19

Excessive livestock densities degrade pastures, raising drought susceptibility by 25% in steppes

Statistic 20

Climate variability accounts for 60% of drought occurrence in semi-arid zones

Statistic 21

Mining activities reduce local groundwater recharge by 15-20% in arid mining districts

Statistic 22

Megadroughts lasting 20+ years have 21-50% chance in Southwest US by 2050 due to warming

Statistic 23

Agricultural expansion fragments wetlands, decreasing drought buffering by 35%

Statistic 24

Droughts cause global tree mortality rates to rise by 4.5% per degree of warming

Statistic 25

In 2018, the US drought led to 18% reduction in corn yields, affecting soil carbon storage by 10%

Statistic 26

Droughts reduce global river discharge by 10-15% on average during events

Statistic 27

Australian droughts from 2000-2010 caused 1 billion native animal deaths

Statistic 28

Drought increases wildfire risk by 30%, with 2018 California fires burning 1.9 million acres

Statistic 29

Coral reefs experience 20% bleaching during ENSO-related droughts

Statistic 30

Droughts degrade 12 million hectares of land annually worldwide

Statistic 31

In the Sahel, droughts reduce vegetation productivity by 40% during severe events

Statistic 32

Drought causes 25% of global amphibian population declines

Statistic 33

Lake Chad shrank 90% since 1960s partly due to droughts, affecting 30 million people ecologically

Statistic 34

Droughts increase dust storms by 50% in the US Great Plains

Statistic 35

Global mangrove die-off from drought reaches 20% in affected areas

Statistic 36

Drought reduces Antarctic krill populations by 30-50% during low precipitation years

Statistic 37

In Europe, 2018 drought caused 500 million trees to die

Statistic 38

Droughts erode 2.5 billion tons of soil annually in drylands

Statistic 39

Peatland droughts release 2 GtCO2eq per event

Statistic 40

Drought increases algal blooms by 25% in reservoirs due to nutrient concentration

Statistic 41

Bird migration patterns shift by 10-20% during drought years

Statistic 42

Droughts reduce groundwater recharge by 50% in karst regions

Statistic 43

Insect outbreaks post-drought damage 15% more forest biomass

Statistic 44

Arctic tundra greening reverses to browning in 14% of areas during droughts

Statistic 45

Drought causes 30% decline in fish biomass in tropical rivers

Statistic 46

Permafrost thaw accelerates 20% under drought-heat stress

Statistic 47

Droughts fragment habitats, reducing mammal diversity by 18%

Statistic 48

Global seagrass meadows decline 7% per year partly from coastal droughts

Statistic 49

Drought increases soil salinity by 15% in irrigated drylands

Statistic 50

Droughts in boreal forests release 1.5 PgC from soil over decades

Statistic 51

Wetland bird populations drop 25% post-drought in Australia

Statistic 52

Drought reduces phytoplankton productivity by 10% globally during La Niña

Statistic 53

Droughts cause 40% of global desertification hotspots

Statistic 54

Globally, droughts account for 15% of natural disasters but affect 41% of disaster victims between 1994 and 2013

Statistic 55

From 2000 to 2018, drought events increased by 29% worldwide compared to the previous two decades

Statistic 56

In 2022, 27.3 million people in East Africa faced acute food insecurity due to the worst drought in 40 years

Statistic 57

The 2011 Texas drought was the worst single-year drought on record, with precipitation 41% below average and costing $5.2 billion in agricultural losses

Statistic 58

Australia's Millennium Drought from 1997-2009 reduced Murray-Darling Basin inflows by 57% on average

Statistic 59

In 2023, 45% of Europe was under drought conditions, the highest since 2018, affecting 584 million cubic meters of water storage

Statistic 60

California's 2012-2016 drought was the most severe in 1,200 years based on tree-ring data

Statistic 61

Between 2015 and 2018, the Cape Town drought reduced reservoir levels to 13.5% capacity

Statistic 62

In 2021, the Amazon experienced its worst drought in 70 years, reducing river levels by up to 5 meters in some areas

Statistic 63

India saw 16 major drought years between 1901 and 2016, with 2009 affecting 326 million people

Statistic 64

The 2010-2011 Horn of Africa drought displaced 1.5 million people and killed 260,000

Statistic 65

From 1970 to 2019, drought frequency in Central Asia increased by 15% per decade

Statistic 66

Brazil's 2021 drought was the worst in 91 years, with hydropower production dropping 20%

Statistic 67

In 2018, 21% of the contiguous US was in D4 exceptional drought

Statistic 68

Sub-Saharan Africa had 52 drought events from 1950-2018, averaging 0.7 per year

Statistic 69

The 2003 European heatwave and drought caused 70,000 excess deaths and crop losses of €13 billion

Statistic 70

China's 2022 Yangtze drought affected 35 million people and reduced hydropower by 50%

Statistic 71

From 1901-2020, global drought area affected increased by 1.5% per decade

Statistic 72

The Sahel drought of 1968-1974 reduced rainfall by 20-30% below average

Statistic 73

In 2020, 20 million people in Afghanistan faced severe drought

Statistic 74

Pakistan's 2018-2019 drought affected 5 million people across Balochistan

Statistic 75

From 1980-2020, drought disasters tripled globally

Statistic 76

Somalia's 2016-2017 drought led to famine affecting 6.2 million people

Statistic 77

The 1988 US drought caused $39 billion in damages, the costliest on record

Statistic 78

Iran's 2018 drought reduced Lake Urmia by 90% of its volume since 1970s

Statistic 79

From 2001-2020, flash droughts increased by 34% in frequency globally

Statistic 80

The 2015-2016 El Niño drought affected 40 million in Ethiopia

Statistic 81

Australia's 2017-2019 drought reduced national crop production by 22%

Statistic 82

In 2023, 24 countries had drought listed as a key driver of food crises

Statistic 83

Global drought losses averaged $9 billion annually from 1990-2019

Statistic 84

Early warning systems reduce drought economic losses by 30%

Statistic 85

Drip irrigation saves 30-50% water in drought-prone areas, adopted on 5% of irrigated land globally

Statistic 86

Drought-resistant maize varieties increase yields by 20-30% under stress

Statistic 87

Reforestation reduces drought impact by 15% via improved hydrology

Statistic 88

Crop insurance payouts reached $10 billion for US droughts in 2012-2014

Statistic 89

Aquifer recharge projects restore 10-20% of depleted groundwater in India

Statistic 90

Climate-smart agriculture boosts resilience by 25% for 500 million farmers

Statistic 91

Desalination capacity grew 10% annually, providing 1% of global water in dry areas

Statistic 92

Water pricing reforms reduce urban consumption by 20% during droughts

Statistic 93

Satellite monitoring detects 80% of droughts 1-3 months early

Statistic 94

Agroforestry systems cut drought losses by 50% in small farms

Statistic 95

Rainwater harvesting meets 30% of needs in rural Rajasthan, India

Statistic 96

Genetic editing for drought tolerance in wheat improves yield by 15%

Statistic 97

Managed aquifer recharge globally injects 1-2% of irrigation water

Statistic 98

Drought contingency plans reduce response time by 40% in Kenya

Statistic 99

Cover cropping retains 20% more soil moisture during dry spells

Statistic 100

Index-based livestock insurance protects 20,000 pastoralists in Kenya

Statistic 101

Precision agriculture saves 15-25% water via sensor tech

Statistic 102

Wetland restoration buffers droughts for 10 million people in Mekong Delta

Statistic 103

Solar-powered pumps increase irrigation efficiency by 40% in off-grid areas

Statistic 104

Community-based rangeland management restores 25% more forage in droughts

Statistic 105

Forecasting models improve drought preparedness, saving $1 per $1 invested

Statistic 106

No-till farming reduces evaporation by 15%, adopted on 12% global cropland

Statistic 107

Transboundary water agreements mitigate 30% of shared drought risks

Statistic 108

Microfinance for drought adaptation reaches 50 million farmers

Statistic 109

AI-driven irrigation scheduling cuts water use by 30% in California

Statistic 110

Soil organic matter enhancement holds 20% more water

Statistic 111

Emergency seed reserves prevent 50% yield loss in post-drought recovery

Statistic 112

Urban green infrastructure reduces heat and drought stress by 10-15%

Statistic 113

Drought funds like Africa's AR4D pool $100 million for resilience

Statistic 114

Drought led to $124 billion in US agricultural losses from 1980-2020

Statistic 115

In 2022, global drought-induced crop losses reached $50 billion

Statistic 116

India's 2019 drought cost 7% of GDP in affected states

Statistic 117

African droughts displace 1.4 million people annually on average

Statistic 118

US livestock losses from 2012 drought totaled $12 billion

Statistic 119

Brazil's 2014-2017 drought reduced GDP growth by 1.5%

Statistic 120

80% of drought costs in developing countries are uninsured, totaling $520 billion from 2000-2019

Statistic 121

China's 2022 drought cut industrial output by 2% in Sichuan province

Statistic 122

Droughts increase global food prices by 10-20% during events

Statistic 123

In Australia, 2002-2010 drought cost $12 billion in farm incomes

Statistic 124

55 million people pushed into poverty annually by droughts

Statistic 125

Europe's 2022 drought cost €40 billion in hydropower losses

Statistic 126

Pakistan's 2022 drought affected 3.5 million, costing $1 billion in relief

Statistic 127

US 1988 drought reduced farm output by 15%, costing $15 billion net

Statistic 128

Droughts cause 20% of child malnutrition cases in sub-Saharan Africa

Statistic 129

Global insurance payouts for drought reached $36 billion in 2017 alone

Statistic 130

South Africa's 2015-2018 drought cost R300 billion in economic damages

Statistic 131

Drought increases migration by 2.5% per standard deviation in rainfall decline

Statistic 132

In Syria, 2006-2011 drought contributed to 60% crop failure, exacerbating conflict

Statistic 133

Global fisheries losses from drought average $2 billion yearly

Statistic 134

Droughts raise unemployment by 1-2% in rural areas post-event

Statistic 135

Mexico's 2011 drought cost $5.5 billion in agriculture

Statistic 136

25% of global GDP in drylands is drought-vulnerable

Statistic 137

Energy sector loses $10 billion annually to hydropower droughts globally

Statistic 138

Droughts double suicide rates among farmers by 10-20% in affected regions

Statistic 139

In 2021, Afghanistan drought aid needs reached $204 million for 18.4 million people

Statistic 140

Drought reduces tourism revenue by 15% in water-scarce destinations

Statistic 141

Global health costs from drought-linked diseases average $1.4 billion/year

Statistic 142

Smallholder farmers lose 40% of income during severe droughts

Statistic 143

Drought insurance covers only 3% of potential losses in low-income countries

1/143

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While droughts make up a mere 15% of the world's natural disasters, they quietly account for a staggering 41% of their victims, revealing a profound and escalating crisis that is reshaping our planet, our food systems, and our future.

Key Takeaways

Globally, droughts account for 15% of natural disasters but affect 41% of disaster victims between 1994 and 2013
From 2000 to 2018, drought events increased by 29% worldwide compared to the previous two decades
In 2022, 27.3 million people in East Africa faced acute food insecurity due to the worst drought in 40 years
Rising temperatures due to climate change have increased atmospheric demand for water by 7% per 1°C warming, exacerbating drought conditions
El Niño events increase drought risk by 50% in tropical regions
Deforestation contributes to 12% of drought vulnerability in the Amazon through reduced evapotranspiration
Droughts cause global tree mortality rates to rise by 4.5% per degree of warming
In 2018, the US drought led to 18% reduction in corn yields, affecting soil carbon storage by 10%
Droughts reduce global river discharge by 10-15% on average during events
Drought led to $124 billion in US agricultural losses from 1980-2020
In 2022, global drought-induced crop losses reached $50 billion
India's 2019 drought cost 7% of GDP in affected states
Early warning systems reduce drought economic losses by 30%
Drip irrigation saves 30-50% water in drought-prone areas, adopted on 5% of irrigated land globally
Drought-resistant maize varieties increase yields by 20-30% under stress

Droughts are intensifying globally, worsening food and water security for millions.

Causes and Drivers

Rising temperatures due to climate change have increased atmospheric demand for water by 7% per 1°C warming, exacerbating drought conditions
El Niño events increase drought risk by 50% in tropical regions
Deforestation contributes to 12% of drought vulnerability in the Amazon through reduced evapotranspiration
Soil degradation from overgrazing reduces water retention by 20-30% in arid lands
Urbanization increases drought severity by 14% via impervious surfaces reducing infiltration
Anthropogenic aerosols have masked drought trends by 10-20% in some regions until recently
Groundwater overexploitation accounts for 30% of drought intensification in India
Climate models project a 20-30% increase in meteorological drought frequency by 2050 under RCP4.5
La Niña phases double drought probability in southern Africa
Land-use change has increased drought risk by 25% in Mediterranean Europe since 1960
Volcanic eruptions can trigger short-term droughts via cooling, as in 1991 Pinatubo reducing global precip by 3%
Irrigation expansion has depleted aquifers by 300 km³/year globally, worsening hydrological droughts
Pacific Decadal Oscillation positive phase increases US Southwest drought risk by 20%
Biofuel production competes for water, contributing 5-10% to drought stress in maize belts
Arctic amplification enhances mid-latitude drought via jet stream waviness, increasing risk by 15%
Poor soil management reduces drought resilience by 40% in rainfed agriculture areas
Global warming has shifted snowmelt timing earlier by 5-10 days per decade, intensifying spring droughts
Ocean-atmosphere coupling amplifies Indian summer monsoon droughts by 30% during weak phases
Excessive livestock densities degrade pastures, raising drought susceptibility by 25% in steppes
Climate variability accounts for 60% of drought occurrence in semi-arid zones
Mining activities reduce local groundwater recharge by 15-20% in arid mining districts
Megadroughts lasting 20+ years have 21-50% chance in Southwest US by 2050 due to warming
Agricultural expansion fragments wetlands, decreasing drought buffering by 35%

Causes and Drivers Interpretation

Humanity is basically running a high-stakes, multi-faceted heist on the planet’s water, using climate change as the getaway car, El Niño as the inside man, and our own shortsighted land use as the bumbling accomplice who keeps tripping the alarm.

Environmental Impacts

Droughts cause global tree mortality rates to rise by 4.5% per degree of warming
In 2018, the US drought led to 18% reduction in corn yields, affecting soil carbon storage by 10%
Droughts reduce global river discharge by 10-15% on average during events
Australian droughts from 2000-2010 caused 1 billion native animal deaths
Drought increases wildfire risk by 30%, with 2018 California fires burning 1.9 million acres
Coral reefs experience 20% bleaching during ENSO-related droughts
Droughts degrade 12 million hectares of land annually worldwide
In the Sahel, droughts reduce vegetation productivity by 40% during severe events
Drought causes 25% of global amphibian population declines
Lake Chad shrank 90% since 1960s partly due to droughts, affecting 30 million people ecologically
Droughts increase dust storms by 50% in the US Great Plains
Global mangrove die-off from drought reaches 20% in affected areas
Drought reduces Antarctic krill populations by 30-50% during low precipitation years
In Europe, 2018 drought caused 500 million trees to die
Droughts erode 2.5 billion tons of soil annually in drylands
Peatland droughts release 2 GtCO2eq per event
Drought increases algal blooms by 25% in reservoirs due to nutrient concentration
Bird migration patterns shift by 10-20% during drought years
Droughts reduce groundwater recharge by 50% in karst regions
Insect outbreaks post-drought damage 15% more forest biomass
Arctic tundra greening reverses to browning in 14% of areas during droughts
Drought causes 30% decline in fish biomass in tropical rivers
Permafrost thaw accelerates 20% under drought-heat stress
Droughts fragment habitats, reducing mammal diversity by 18%
Global seagrass meadows decline 7% per year partly from coastal droughts
Drought increases soil salinity by 15% in irrigated drylands
Droughts in boreal forests release 1.5 PgC from soil over decades
Wetland bird populations drop 25% post-drought in Australia
Drought reduces phytoplankton productivity by 10% globally during La Niña
Droughts cause 40% of global desertification hotspots

Environmental Impacts Interpretation

Drought, Earth's merciless desiccant, is a chain reaction of ecological bankruptcy where each degree of warming cashes in our forests, rivers, and soil for a portfolio of dust, fire, and silent habitats.

Global Occurrence and Trends

Globally, droughts account for 15% of natural disasters but affect 41% of disaster victims between 1994 and 2013
From 2000 to 2018, drought events increased by 29% worldwide compared to the previous two decades
In 2022, 27.3 million people in East Africa faced acute food insecurity due to the worst drought in 40 years
The 2011 Texas drought was the worst single-year drought on record, with precipitation 41% below average and costing $5.2 billion in agricultural losses
Australia's Millennium Drought from 1997-2009 reduced Murray-Darling Basin inflows by 57% on average
In 2023, 45% of Europe was under drought conditions, the highest since 2018, affecting 584 million cubic meters of water storage
California's 2012-2016 drought was the most severe in 1,200 years based on tree-ring data
Between 2015 and 2018, the Cape Town drought reduced reservoir levels to 13.5% capacity
In 2021, the Amazon experienced its worst drought in 70 years, reducing river levels by up to 5 meters in some areas
India saw 16 major drought years between 1901 and 2016, with 2009 affecting 326 million people
The 2010-2011 Horn of Africa drought displaced 1.5 million people and killed 260,000
From 1970 to 2019, drought frequency in Central Asia increased by 15% per decade
Brazil's 2021 drought was the worst in 91 years, with hydropower production dropping 20%
In 2018, 21% of the contiguous US was in D4 exceptional drought
Sub-Saharan Africa had 52 drought events from 1950-2018, averaging 0.7 per year
The 2003 European heatwave and drought caused 70,000 excess deaths and crop losses of €13 billion
China's 2022 Yangtze drought affected 35 million people and reduced hydropower by 50%
From 1901-2020, global drought area affected increased by 1.5% per decade
The Sahel drought of 1968-1974 reduced rainfall by 20-30% below average
In 2020, 20 million people in Afghanistan faced severe drought
Pakistan's 2018-2019 drought affected 5 million people across Balochistan
From 1980-2020, drought disasters tripled globally
Somalia's 2016-2017 drought led to famine affecting 6.2 million people
The 1988 US drought caused $39 billion in damages, the costliest on record
Iran's 2018 drought reduced Lake Urmia by 90% of its volume since 1970s
From 2001-2020, flash droughts increased by 34% in frequency globally
The 2015-2016 El Niño drought affected 40 million in Ethiopia
Australia's 2017-2019 drought reduced national crop production by 22%
In 2023, 24 countries had drought listed as a key driver of food crises
Global drought losses averaged $9 billion annually from 1990-2019

Global Occurrence and Trends Interpretation

While representing only 15% of natural disasters, the creeping menace of drought quietly starves and displaces more victims than any other, proving it's not the drama but the dreadful, relentless persistence that makes it Earth's most insidiously effective disaster.

Mitigation and Adaptation

Early warning systems reduce drought economic losses by 30%
Drip irrigation saves 30-50% water in drought-prone areas, adopted on 5% of irrigated land globally
Drought-resistant maize varieties increase yields by 20-30% under stress
Reforestation reduces drought impact by 15% via improved hydrology
Crop insurance payouts reached $10 billion for US droughts in 2012-2014
Aquifer recharge projects restore 10-20% of depleted groundwater in India
Climate-smart agriculture boosts resilience by 25% for 500 million farmers
Desalination capacity grew 10% annually, providing 1% of global water in dry areas
Water pricing reforms reduce urban consumption by 20% during droughts
Satellite monitoring detects 80% of droughts 1-3 months early
Agroforestry systems cut drought losses by 50% in small farms
Rainwater harvesting meets 30% of needs in rural Rajasthan, India
Genetic editing for drought tolerance in wheat improves yield by 15%
Managed aquifer recharge globally injects 1-2% of irrigation water
Drought contingency plans reduce response time by 40% in Kenya
Cover cropping retains 20% more soil moisture during dry spells
Index-based livestock insurance protects 20,000 pastoralists in Kenya
Precision agriculture saves 15-25% water via sensor tech
Wetland restoration buffers droughts for 10 million people in Mekong Delta
Solar-powered pumps increase irrigation efficiency by 40% in off-grid areas
Community-based rangeland management restores 25% more forage in droughts
Forecasting models improve drought preparedness, saving $1 per $1 invested
No-till farming reduces evaporation by 15%, adopted on 12% global cropland
Transboundary water agreements mitigate 30% of shared drought risks
Microfinance for drought adaptation reaches 50 million farmers
AI-driven irrigation scheduling cuts water use by 30% in California
Soil organic matter enhancement holds 20% more water
Emergency seed reserves prevent 50% yield loss in post-drought recovery
Urban green infrastructure reduces heat and drought stress by 10-15%
Drought funds like Africa's AR4D pool $100 million for resilience

Mitigation and Adaptation Interpretation

Our toolbox for drought resilience is impressively varied, yet stubbornly underused, proving that our biggest hurdle isn't a lack of clever fixes but the collective will to implement them everywhere.

Socio-Economic Impacts

Drought led to $124 billion in US agricultural losses from 1980-2020
In 2022, global drought-induced crop losses reached $50 billion
India's 2019 drought cost 7% of GDP in affected states
African droughts displace 1.4 million people annually on average
US livestock losses from 2012 drought totaled $12 billion
Brazil's 2014-2017 drought reduced GDP growth by 1.5%
80% of drought costs in developing countries are uninsured, totaling $520 billion from 2000-2019
China's 2022 drought cut industrial output by 2% in Sichuan province
Droughts increase global food prices by 10-20% during events
In Australia, 2002-2010 drought cost $12 billion in farm incomes
55 million people pushed into poverty annually by droughts
Europe's 2022 drought cost €40 billion in hydropower losses
Pakistan's 2022 drought affected 3.5 million, costing $1 billion in relief
US 1988 drought reduced farm output by 15%, costing $15 billion net
Droughts cause 20% of child malnutrition cases in sub-Saharan Africa
Global insurance payouts for drought reached $36 billion in 2017 alone
South Africa's 2015-2018 drought cost R300 billion in economic damages
Drought increases migration by 2.5% per standard deviation in rainfall decline
In Syria, 2006-2011 drought contributed to 60% crop failure, exacerbating conflict
Global fisheries losses from drought average $2 billion yearly
Droughts raise unemployment by 1-2% in rural areas post-event
Mexico's 2011 drought cost $5.5 billion in agriculture
25% of global GDP in drylands is drought-vulnerable
Energy sector loses $10 billion annually to hydropower droughts globally
Droughts double suicide rates among farmers by 10-20% in affected regions
In 2021, Afghanistan drought aid needs reached $204 million for 18.4 million people
Drought reduces tourism revenue by 15% in water-scarce destinations
Global health costs from drought-linked diseases average $1.4 billion/year
Smallholder farmers lose 40% of income during severe droughts
Drought insurance covers only 3% of potential losses in low-income countries

Socio-Economic Impacts Interpretation

The sheer weight of these numbers crushes not just crops and balance sheets, but lives and futures, proving drought is a mercilessly efficient architect of global ruin.

Sources & References

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