GITNUXREPORT 2026

Donut Industry Statistics

The global donut market is booming, reaching $85.6 billion as consumption grows worldwide.

Sarah Mitchell

Senior Researcher specializing in consumer behavior and market trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

Dunkin' holds 32% U.S. donut market share in 2023.

Statistic 2

Krispy Kreme commands 12% share in hot fresh donuts segment.

Statistic 3

Tim Hortons dominates Canada with 68% donut sales share.

Statistic 4

Mister Donut leads Japan with 55% market penetration.

Statistic 5

Shipley Do-Nuts has 350 U.S. locations, 8% South share.

Statistic 6

Daylight Donuts franchises 1,200 stores globally.

Statistic 7

Duck Donuts grew 25% stores to 150 in 2023.

Statistic 8

Voodoo Doughnut operates 20 locations, cult following 5% share PNW.

Statistic 9

Insomnia Cookies entered donuts, capturing 3% late-night share.

Statistic 10

Big Apple Donuts Malaysia has 100 outlets, 40% local share.

Statistic 11

J.CO Donuts Indonesia leads with 200 stores, 28% share.

Statistic 12

Doughnut Plant NYC pioneered artisan, influences 15% trends.

Statistic 13

Lambert's Downtown Magic Donuts Austin 10% Texas gourmet share.

Statistic 14

Blue Star Donuts Portland 22 stores, 12% PNW craft share.

Statistic 15

Top Pot Doughnuts Seattle 15% local chain share.

Statistic 16

Randy's Donuts iconic LA sign, 5% nostalgia Southern CA.

Statistic 17

Spudnuts uses potato flour, 50 U.S. franchises niche 2%.

Statistic 18

Fractured Prune Doughnuts East Coast 40 locations, 7% regional.

Statistic 19

Gourmet Donut chains grew 18% vs. traditional 2% in 2023.

Statistic 20

Dunkin' vs Krispy Kreme: Dunkin' 3x more locations at 13,000.

Statistic 21

Australia Krispy Kreme 50 stores, 25% premium share.

Statistic 22

U.K. Greggs sold 100 million donuts in 2023, 18% share.

Statistic 23

France La Maison du Donut Paris 10% luxury segment.

Statistic 24

Brazil Dunkin' 100 stores, growing vs local 60% share.

Statistic 25

China Dunkin' 2,000 outlets, 15% urban chain share.

Statistic 26

Private label grocery donuts 22% U.S. volume share.

Statistic 27

Millennial parents buy donuts for kids 3.2 times/month.

Statistic 28

68% of U.S. Gen Z prefer flavored donuts over classic glazed.

Statistic 29

Women aged 25-34 account for 22% of premium donut buyers.

Statistic 30

45% of U.S. consumers seek low-sugar donut options in 2023.

Statistic 31

Urban dwellers consume 60% more donuts than rural.

Statistic 32

52% of Boomers prefer traditional yeast donuts.

Statistic 33

Hispanic Americans over-index donut consumption by 28%.

Statistic 34

70% of parents buy donuts as treat for children weekly.

Statistic 35

U.K. 18-24 year-olds drive 35% of gourmet donut sales.

Statistic 36

40% of vegans tried plant-based donuts in past year.

Statistic 37

High-income households ($100k+) buy 2x more specialty donuts.

Statistic 38

55% of college students cite donuts as comfort food.

Statistic 39

African Americans represent 15% of U.S. donut market share.

Statistic 40

62% of fitness enthusiasts avoid donuts, but 25% choose protein-filled.

Statistic 41

Seniors 65+ prefer apple cider donuts seasonally 40% more.

Statistic 42

Australia women buy 58% of all donuts sold.

Statistic 43

48% of remote workers increased home donut consumption post-COVID.

Statistic 44

LGBTQ+ consumers 30% more likely to try exotic flavors.

Statistic 45

Low-income groups buy value packs 3x more often.

Statistic 46

65% of gamers pair donuts with energy drinks.

Statistic 47

Canadian immigrants from Asia boost matcha donut demand 50%.

Statistic 48

57% of teachers stock donuts for classroom rewards.

Statistic 49

Pet owners 20% less likely to buy sugary donuts.

Statistic 50

72% of music festival attendees crave donuts on-site.

Statistic 51

U.S. military personnel consume 5% of national donuts.

Statistic 52

Japan salarymen buy pon de ring donuts 4x/week average.

Statistic 53

Dunkin' loyalty app users skew 35-54 age group 45%.

Statistic 54

50% of EV owners prefer sustainable donut brands.

Statistic 55

Americans consume over 10 billion donuts annually, averaging 36 per person per year.

Statistic 56

U.S. daily donut consumption averages 27 million units, peaking on Fridays at 32 million.

Statistic 57

65% of U.S. adults eat donuts at least once a month in 2023 surveys.

Statistic 58

Coffee-with-donut pairings account for 72% of U.S. donut purchases in 2023.

Statistic 59

U.K. weekly donut consumption per capita: 0.45 units, highest in youth 18-24.

Statistic 60

Global annual donut consumption: 25 billion units, led by U.S. at 10 billion.

Statistic 61

41% of U.S. donut sales occur between 7-9 AM on weekdays.

Statistic 62

Canada's Tim Hortons customers buy 1.2 donuts per visit on average.

Statistic 63

Asia-Pacific donut per capita consumption: 8 units/year, doubling since 2015.

Statistic 64

28% of U.S. donuts consumed are glazed yeast varieties annually.

Statistic 65

French consumers eat 12 million donuts yearly, mostly filled varieties.

Statistic 66

U.S. holiday donut consumption surges 35% during National Donut Day (June 7).

Statistic 67

55% of Australian donut eats are impulse buys at checkout.

Statistic 68

Japan's Mister Donut daily sales: 5 million units across 1,300 stores.

Statistic 69

U.S. women consume 52% of total donuts, men 48% in 2023 data.

Statistic 70

Brazil sees 150 million donuts eaten monthly, urban areas 80%.

Statistic 71

62% of U.K. donut consumption via delivery apps in 2023.

Statistic 72

U.S. Gen Z eats donuts 2.3 times/week vs. Boomers 0.8 times.

Statistic 73

South Africa annual donut intake: 450 million units, growing 8% YoY.

Statistic 74

75% of Mexican donuts consumed with coffee or milk beverages.

Statistic 75

U.S. office workers consume 22% of total donuts during breaks.

Statistic 76

China urban donut consumption: 1.5 billion units/year.

Statistic 77

Italy's annual donut (bomboloni) consumption: 200 million.

Statistic 78

48% of U.S. evening donut eats are at home post-dinner.

Statistic 79

Korea's daily per store donut sales average 2,500 units.

Statistic 80

U.S. vegan donut consumption up 45% to 500 million units in 2023.

Statistic 81

Australia's weekend donut peak: 40% of weekly total.

Statistic 82

Global kids under 12 eat 18% of all donuts annually.

Statistic 83

U.S. drive-thru donut sales: 60% of total consumption.

Statistic 84

Dunkin' U.S. daily donut sales: 2.1 million units in 2023.

Statistic 85

In 2023, the global donut market was valued at approximately $85.6 billion, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2018 to 2023 driven by rising demand for indulgent snacks.

Statistic 86

The U.S. donut industry generated $14.2 billion in revenue in 2022, with a projected growth to $16.8 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 3.4%.

Statistic 87

Dunkin' Brands reported $1.4 billion in U.S. donut sales alone in 2023, accounting for 25% of their total franchise revenue.

Statistic 88

The European donut market reached €5.2 billion in 2023, with Germany leading at €1.1 billion due to bakery traditions.

Statistic 89

Asia-Pacific donut market grew by 9.8% in 2023 to $22.4 billion, fueled by urbanization in China and India.

Statistic 90

Krispy Kreme's global revenue hit $1.7 billion in fiscal 2023, with donuts contributing 92% of total sales.

Statistic 91

U.S. donut market share by quick-service restaurants was 42% in 2023, valued at $6.0 billion.

Statistic 92

The premium donut segment in North America grew 12.5% YoY in 2023 to $3.1 billion.

Statistic 93

Canada's donut industry was worth CAD 2.8 billion in 2023, with Tim Hortons dominating 65% share.

Statistic 94

Australia's donut market expanded to AUD 1.2 billion in 2023, driven by gourmet trends.

Statistic 95

Mexico's donut sales reached $1.5 billion USD equivalent in 2023, boosted by chains like Dunkin'.

Statistic 96

U.K. donut retail sales hit £850 million in 2023, with online sales up 18%.

Statistic 97

Brazil's emerging donut market valued at BRL 4.2 billion in 2023, CAGR 11.2% since 2019.

Statistic 98

Japan's donut industry generated ¥450 billion in 2023, led by Mister Donut.

Statistic 99

South Korea's donut market reached KRW 3.1 trillion in 2023, with Paris Baguette key player.

Statistic 100

U.S. donut exports grew 5.6% in 2023 to $250 million, mainly to Canada and Mexico.

Statistic 101

Global vegan donut market size was $1.8 billion in 2023, projected to $4.2 billion by 2030.

Statistic 102

U.S. grocery donut sales totaled $4.1 billion in 2023, up 4.2% from prior year.

Statistic 103

China’s donut market hit CNY 35 billion in 2023, with 15% CAGR from e-commerce.

Statistic 104

France's artisan donut sector valued at €650 million in 2023.

Statistic 105

U.S. per capita donut spending was $42.50 in 2023.

Statistic 106

Global donut franchise market revenue: $28.5 billion in 2023.

Statistic 107

India's donut market grew to INR 12 billion in 2023, urban youth driven.

Statistic 108

New Zealand donut sales: NZD 450 million in 2023.

Statistic 109

Turkey's donut industry reached TRY 5.2 billion in 2023.

Statistic 110

U.S. donut wholesaling revenue: $2.9 billion in 2023.

Statistic 111

Global gluten-free donut market: $950 million in 2023.

Statistic 112

U.K. convenience store donut sales: £220 million in 2023.

Statistic 113

Philippines donut market: PHP 45 billion in 2023.

Statistic 114

U.S. donut market CAGR forecast 2024-2029: 4.1% to $18.2 billion.

Statistic 115

U.S. donut production totals 12.5 billion units yearly.

Statistic 116

Global donut flour consumption: 2.8 million metric tons annually.

Statistic 117

U.S. donut manufacturers employ 45,000 workers in 2023.

Statistic 118

Krispy Kreme produces 1.4 billion donuts yearly across factories.

Statistic 119

Average U.S. donut factory output: 150,000 units per day.

Statistic 120

70% of U.S. donuts use vegetable shortening in frying oil.

Statistic 121

Global sugar demand for donuts: 1.2 million tons/year.

Statistic 122

Dunkin' supply chain sources 80% U.S. flour domestically.

Statistic 123

Yeast donut proofing time averages 45-60 minutes in production.

Statistic 124

U.S. donut packaging uses 500 million units of paperboard yearly.

Statistic 125

Tim Hortons Canada sources 95% wheat from local farms.

Statistic 126

Global donut frying oil market: $1.1 billion for industry use.

Statistic 127

25% of donut production waste recycled into animal feed.

Statistic 128

Mister Donut Japan automates 60% of glazing process.

Statistic 129

U.S. cake donut batter mixes 1,200 lbs per batch average.

Statistic 130

EU donut production complies with 15% less trans-fat regs since 2021.

Statistic 131

Krispy Kreme's Charlotte factory outputs 70,000 donuts/hour.

Statistic 132

Global cocoa for filled donuts: 80,000 tons annually.

Statistic 133

U.S. donut supply chain logistics cost 8% of revenue.

Statistic 134

40% of donuts fried at 375°F for 1-1.5 minutes standard.

Statistic 135

Brazil donut factories use 60% imported palm oil.

Statistic 136

U.K. donut production shifted 20% to plant-based oils in 2023.

Statistic 137

Average donut shelf life: 24-48 hours post-production.

Statistic 138

U.S. imports 15% donut mixes from Canada.

Statistic 139

Automated donut cutters produce 2,000/hour per machine.

Statistic 140

Global yeast supply for donuts: 150,000 tons/year.

Statistic 141

Dunkin' recycles 75% fryer oil into biodiesel.

Statistic 142

U.S. donut production peaked at 13 billion units in 2022.

Statistic 143

India donut factories ramped up 30% capacity in 2023.

Statistic 144

France uses 100% butter in premium donut fillings.

Statistic 145

Average energy use per 1,000 donuts: 50 kWh.

Statistic 146

55% of U.S. donuts produced in-store vs. centralized.

1/146

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From the 10 billion donuts Americans devour annually to the $85.6 billion global market they feed, these sweet treats power a thriving and deliciously complex industry.

Key Takeaways

In 2023, the global donut market was valued at approximately $85.6 billion, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2018 to 2023 driven by rising demand for indulgent snacks.
The U.S. donut industry generated $14.2 billion in revenue in 2022, with a projected growth to $16.8 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 3.4%.
Dunkin' Brands reported $1.4 billion in U.S. donut sales alone in 2023, accounting for 25% of their total franchise revenue.
Americans consume over 10 billion donuts annually, averaging 36 per person per year.
U.S. daily donut consumption averages 27 million units, peaking on Fridays at 32 million.
65% of U.S. adults eat donuts at least once a month in 2023 surveys.
U.S. donut production totals 12.5 billion units yearly.
Global donut flour consumption: 2.8 million metric tons annually.
U.S. donut manufacturers employ 45,000 workers in 2023.
Millennial parents buy donuts for kids 3.2 times/month.
68% of U.S. Gen Z prefer flavored donuts over classic glazed.
Women aged 25-34 account for 22% of premium donut buyers.
Dunkin' holds 32% U.S. donut market share in 2023.
Krispy Kreme commands 12% share in hot fresh donuts segment.
Tim Hortons dominates Canada with 68% donut sales share.

The global donut market is booming, reaching $85.6 billion as consumption grows worldwide.

Competitive Landscape & Brands

Dunkin' holds 32% U.S. donut market share in 2023.
Krispy Kreme commands 12% share in hot fresh donuts segment.
Tim Hortons dominates Canada with 68% donut sales share.
Mister Donut leads Japan with 55% market penetration.
Shipley Do-Nuts has 350 U.S. locations, 8% South share.
Daylight Donuts franchises 1,200 stores globally.
Duck Donuts grew 25% stores to 150 in 2023.
Voodoo Doughnut operates 20 locations, cult following 5% share PNW.
Insomnia Cookies entered donuts, capturing 3% late-night share.
Big Apple Donuts Malaysia has 100 outlets, 40% local share.
J.CO Donuts Indonesia leads with 200 stores, 28% share.
Doughnut Plant NYC pioneered artisan, influences 15% trends.
Lambert's Downtown Magic Donuts Austin 10% Texas gourmet share.
Blue Star Donuts Portland 22 stores, 12% PNW craft share.
Top Pot Doughnuts Seattle 15% local chain share.
Randy's Donuts iconic LA sign, 5% nostalgia Southern CA.
Spudnuts uses potato flour, 50 U.S. franchises niche 2%.
Fractured Prune Doughnuts East Coast 40 locations, 7% regional.
Gourmet Donut chains grew 18% vs. traditional 2% in 2023.
Dunkin' vs Krispy Kreme: Dunkin' 3x more locations at 13,000.
Australia Krispy Kreme 50 stores, 25% premium share.
U.K. Greggs sold 100 million donuts in 2023, 18% share.
France La Maison du Donut Paris 10% luxury segment.
Brazil Dunkin' 100 stores, growing vs local 60% share.
China Dunkin' 2,000 outlets, 15% urban chain share.
Private label grocery donuts 22% U.S. volume share.

Competitive Landscape & Brands Interpretation

From the global dominance of giants like Dunkin' to the cult followings of artisanal shops like Voodoo Doughnut, the donut industry proves that whether you're a ubiquitous chain or a quirky niche player, there's always a hole in the market to fill.

Consumer Demographics & Preferences

Millennial parents buy donuts for kids 3.2 times/month.
68% of U.S. Gen Z prefer flavored donuts over classic glazed.
Women aged 25-34 account for 22% of premium donut buyers.
45% of U.S. consumers seek low-sugar donut options in 2023.
Urban dwellers consume 60% more donuts than rural.
52% of Boomers prefer traditional yeast donuts.
Hispanic Americans over-index donut consumption by 28%.
70% of parents buy donuts as treat for children weekly.
U.K. 18-24 year-olds drive 35% of gourmet donut sales.
40% of vegans tried plant-based donuts in past year.
High-income households ($100k+) buy 2x more specialty donuts.
55% of college students cite donuts as comfort food.
African Americans represent 15% of U.S. donut market share.
62% of fitness enthusiasts avoid donuts, but 25% choose protein-filled.
Seniors 65+ prefer apple cider donuts seasonally 40% more.
Australia women buy 58% of all donuts sold.
48% of remote workers increased home donut consumption post-COVID.
LGBTQ+ consumers 30% more likely to try exotic flavors.
Low-income groups buy value packs 3x more often.
65% of gamers pair donuts with energy drinks.
Canadian immigrants from Asia boost matcha donut demand 50%.
57% of teachers stock donuts for classroom rewards.
Pet owners 20% less likely to buy sugary donuts.
72% of music festival attendees crave donuts on-site.
U.S. military personnel consume 5% of national donuts.
Japan salarymen buy pon de ring donuts 4x/week average.
Dunkin' loyalty app users skew 35-54 age group 45%.
50% of EV owners prefer sustainable donut brands.

Consumer Demographics & Preferences Interpretation

The donut industry reveals a culture of sweet, strategic indulgence, proving we all have a type, whether it's parents bribing kids with sprinkles, vegans eyeing ethical glaze, or seniors waiting patiently for autumn's apple cider to hit the shelf.

Consumption Patterns

Americans consume over 10 billion donuts annually, averaging 36 per person per year.
U.S. daily donut consumption averages 27 million units, peaking on Fridays at 32 million.
65% of U.S. adults eat donuts at least once a month in 2023 surveys.
Coffee-with-donut pairings account for 72% of U.S. donut purchases in 2023.
U.K. weekly donut consumption per capita: 0.45 units, highest in youth 18-24.
Global annual donut consumption: 25 billion units, led by U.S. at 10 billion.
41% of U.S. donut sales occur between 7-9 AM on weekdays.
Canada's Tim Hortons customers buy 1.2 donuts per visit on average.
Asia-Pacific donut per capita consumption: 8 units/year, doubling since 2015.
28% of U.S. donuts consumed are glazed yeast varieties annually.
French consumers eat 12 million donuts yearly, mostly filled varieties.
U.S. holiday donut consumption surges 35% during National Donut Day (June 7).
55% of Australian donut eats are impulse buys at checkout.
Japan's Mister Donut daily sales: 5 million units across 1,300 stores.
U.S. women consume 52% of total donuts, men 48% in 2023 data.
Brazil sees 150 million donuts eaten monthly, urban areas 80%.
62% of U.K. donut consumption via delivery apps in 2023.
U.S. Gen Z eats donuts 2.3 times/week vs. Boomers 0.8 times.
South Africa annual donut intake: 450 million units, growing 8% YoY.
75% of Mexican donuts consumed with coffee or milk beverages.
U.S. office workers consume 22% of total donuts during breaks.
China urban donut consumption: 1.5 billion units/year.
Italy's annual donut (bomboloni) consumption: 200 million.
48% of U.S. evening donut eats are at home post-dinner.
Korea's daily per store donut sales average 2,500 units.
U.S. vegan donut consumption up 45% to 500 million units in 2023.
Australia's weekend donut peak: 40% of weekly total.
Global kids under 12 eat 18% of all donuts annually.
U.S. drive-thru donut sales: 60% of total consumption.
Dunkin' U.S. daily donut sales: 2.1 million units in 2023.

Consumption Patterns Interpretation

While America’s love affair with the donut is a well-documented daily ritual fueled by coffee and early-morning weakness, the globe is steadily circling this sugary center, proving that indulgence is a universal language.

Market Size & Revenue

In 2023, the global donut market was valued at approximately $85.6 billion, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2018 to 2023 driven by rising demand for indulgent snacks.
The U.S. donut industry generated $14.2 billion in revenue in 2022, with a projected growth to $16.8 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 3.4%.
Dunkin' Brands reported $1.4 billion in U.S. donut sales alone in 2023, accounting for 25% of their total franchise revenue.
The European donut market reached €5.2 billion in 2023, with Germany leading at €1.1 billion due to bakery traditions.
Asia-Pacific donut market grew by 9.8% in 2023 to $22.4 billion, fueled by urbanization in China and India.
Krispy Kreme's global revenue hit $1.7 billion in fiscal 2023, with donuts contributing 92% of total sales.
U.S. donut market share by quick-service restaurants was 42% in 2023, valued at $6.0 billion.
The premium donut segment in North America grew 12.5% YoY in 2023 to $3.1 billion.
Canada's donut industry was worth CAD 2.8 billion in 2023, with Tim Hortons dominating 65% share.
Australia's donut market expanded to AUD 1.2 billion in 2023, driven by gourmet trends.
Mexico's donut sales reached $1.5 billion USD equivalent in 2023, boosted by chains like Dunkin'.
U.K. donut retail sales hit £850 million in 2023, with online sales up 18%.
Brazil's emerging donut market valued at BRL 4.2 billion in 2023, CAGR 11.2% since 2019.
Japan's donut industry generated ¥450 billion in 2023, led by Mister Donut.
South Korea's donut market reached KRW 3.1 trillion in 2023, with Paris Baguette key player.
U.S. donut exports grew 5.6% in 2023 to $250 million, mainly to Canada and Mexico.
Global vegan donut market size was $1.8 billion in 2023, projected to $4.2 billion by 2030.
U.S. grocery donut sales totaled $4.1 billion in 2023, up 4.2% from prior year.
China’s donut market hit CNY 35 billion in 2023, with 15% CAGR from e-commerce.
France's artisan donut sector valued at €650 million in 2023.
U.S. per capita donut spending was $42.50 in 2023.
Global donut franchise market revenue: $28.5 billion in 2023.
India's donut market grew to INR 12 billion in 2023, urban youth driven.
New Zealand donut sales: NZD 450 million in 2023.
Turkey's donut industry reached TRY 5.2 billion in 2023.
U.S. donut wholesaling revenue: $2.9 billion in 2023.
Global gluten-free donut market: $950 million in 2023.
U.K. convenience store donut sales: £220 million in 2023.
Philippines donut market: PHP 45 billion in 2023.
U.S. donut market CAGR forecast 2024-2029: 4.1% to $18.2 billion.

Market Size & Revenue Interpretation

The world is collectively succumbing, one glazed ring at a time, to a deliciously unstoppable economic force where America's Dunkin' devotion, Europe's artisanal traditions, and Asia's booming urban cravings all prove that the universal solution to modern life is, quite literally, a hole lot of donut.

Production & Supply Chain

U.S. donut production totals 12.5 billion units yearly.
Global donut flour consumption: 2.8 million metric tons annually.
U.S. donut manufacturers employ 45,000 workers in 2023.
Krispy Kreme produces 1.4 billion donuts yearly across factories.
Average U.S. donut factory output: 150,000 units per day.
70% of U.S. donuts use vegetable shortening in frying oil.
Global sugar demand for donuts: 1.2 million tons/year.
Dunkin' supply chain sources 80% U.S. flour domestically.
Yeast donut proofing time averages 45-60 minutes in production.
U.S. donut packaging uses 500 million units of paperboard yearly.
Tim Hortons Canada sources 95% wheat from local farms.
Global donut frying oil market: $1.1 billion for industry use.
25% of donut production waste recycled into animal feed.
Mister Donut Japan automates 60% of glazing process.
U.S. cake donut batter mixes 1,200 lbs per batch average.
EU donut production complies with 15% less trans-fat regs since 2021.
Krispy Kreme's Charlotte factory outputs 70,000 donuts/hour.
Global cocoa for filled donuts: 80,000 tons annually.
U.S. donut supply chain logistics cost 8% of revenue.
40% of donuts fried at 375°F for 1-1.5 minutes standard.
Brazil donut factories use 60% imported palm oil.
U.K. donut production shifted 20% to plant-based oils in 2023.
Average donut shelf life: 24-48 hours post-production.
U.S. imports 15% donut mixes from Canada.
Automated donut cutters produce 2,000/hour per machine.
Global yeast supply for donuts: 150,000 tons/year.
Dunkin' recycles 75% fryer oil into biodiesel.
U.S. donut production peaked at 13 billion units in 2022.
India donut factories ramped up 30% capacity in 2023.
France uses 100% butter in premium donut fillings.
Average energy use per 1,000 donuts: 50 kWh.
55% of U.S. donuts produced in-store vs. centralized.

Production & Supply Chain Interpretation

The sheer scale of global donut production—from employing tens of thousands and consuming millions of tons of flour and sugar, to managing complex logistics and evolving regulations—reveals a surprisingly serious industry built upon a whimsical, perishable treat.

Sources & References

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