Cuba Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

Cuba Statistics

With Cuba’s population still climbing slowly to about 11.3 million and real GDP growth reported at 2.4 percent, the headline is stability. But look closer and you will see the tension between 38.6 percent of under fives stunted in 2019 and Cuba’s strong health staffing, alongside very low internet access at 0.9 percent of people and small remittance inflows of US$0.4 billion in 2023.

45 statistics45 sources5 sections6 min readUpdated 9 days ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).

Statistic 2

1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).

Statistic 3

13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).

Statistic 4

0.6% of Cuba’s labor force was unemployed in 2023 (ILO-modeled unemployment rate).

Statistic 5

12.1 years of expected years of schooling in 2023 (forecasted education duration for children).

Statistic 6

1.7% of GDP expenditure on health in 2021 (current health expenditure as a share of GDP).

Statistic 7

2.2% of GDP expenditure on education in 2021 (current education expenditure as a share of GDP).

Statistic 8

38.6% of children under 5 were stunted in 2019 (height-for-age below -2 SD).

Statistic 9

0.12% of adults were affected by HIV in 2022 (HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–49).

Statistic 10

2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).

Statistic 11

US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.

Statistic 12

US$18,094 GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.

Statistic 13

2.2% of GDP was general government revenue in 2023 (as reported in IMF data tables via World Bank).

Statistic 14

-3.4% of GDP was general government net lending/borrowing in 2023 (IMF/World Bank series).

Statistic 15

2.1% of GDP was external debt service on interest payments in 2022 (World Bank indicator).

Statistic 16

US$2.1 billion exports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).

Statistic 17

US$6.5 billion imports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).

Statistic 18

US$ -4.4 billion trade balance (imports minus exports) for 2023 (goods and services, current US$).

Statistic 19

US$0.4 billion remittance inflows in 2023 (personal remittances, current US$).

Statistic 20

13.0% inflation rate (consumer prices) in 2023 (annual average CPI inflation).

Statistic 21

79.3% gross domestic savings as a share of GDP in 2023 (current series).

Statistic 22

4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).

Statistic 23

0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).

Statistic 24

0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).

Statistic 25

1.8% of electricity generation from wind in 2022 (share of electricity generation by wind).

Statistic 26

1,800 kWh per capita electricity consumption in 2021 (electricity consumption per person).

Statistic 27

0.9% of Cuba’s population had access to the internet in 2023 (individuals using the internet, % of population).

Statistic 28

31.0 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people in 2023 (subscriptions, per 100 people).

Statistic 29

0.9% fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.

Statistic 30

22.0 fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.

Statistic 31

1,500 km of paved roads in 2021 (length of roads, paved).

Statistic 32

9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).

Statistic 33

US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).

Statistic 34

US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).

Statistic 35

11.0% of GDP was gross fixed capital formation in 2023 (investment share of GDP).

Statistic 36

2.5% of Cuba’s labor force worked in agriculture in 2023 (employment by sector, agriculture).

Statistic 37

19.0% of Cuba’s labor force worked in services in 2023 (employment by sector, services).

Statistic 38

0.6% of Cuba’s labor force worked in industry in 2023 (employment by sector, industry).

Statistic 39

5.0% of GDP was small and medium enterprise value-added in 2020 (SME contribution share).

Statistic 40

2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).

Statistic 41

13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).

Statistic 42

82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).

Statistic 43

76.7 years life expectancy at birth in 2022 (average expected years of life).

Statistic 44

2.0% maternal mortality ratio in 2020 (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births).

Statistic 45

1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions in 2023 (mobile broadband subscriptions, total).

Sources
Trusted by 500+ publications
Harvard Business ReviewThe GuardianFortune+497
Emilia Santos

Written by Emilia Santos·Edited by David Sutherland·Fact-checked by Nikolas Papadopoulos

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 12, 2026
Fact-checked via 4-step process
01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

Cuba’s population is estimated at 11.3 million in 2024, yet only about 13% of people live in urban areas and unemployment is a low 0.6% of the labor force. At the same time, the economy grew by 2.4% in 2023 while exports of goods and services still came in far below imports, leaving a trade gap of 4.4 billion. The mix of social indicators, energy realities, and economic constraints makes Cuba’s statistics feel unusually mismatched in places, and that tension is exactly what we unpack next.

Key Takeaways

  • 11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).
  • 1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).
  • 13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).
  • 2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).
  • US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.
  • US$18,094 GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.
  • 4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).
  • 0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).
  • 0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).
  • 9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).
  • US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).
  • US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).
  • 2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).
  • 13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).
  • 82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).

In 2023 Cuba posted modest economic growth but low unemployment and limited connectivity amid major trade and financing pressures.

Related reading

Population & Labor

111.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).[1]
Verified
21.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).[2]
Verified
313.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).[3]
Verified
40.6% of Cuba’s labor force was unemployed in 2023 (ILO-modeled unemployment rate).[4]
Single source
512.1 years of expected years of schooling in 2023 (forecasted education duration for children).[5]
Verified
61.7% of GDP expenditure on health in 2021 (current health expenditure as a share of GDP).[6]
Single source
72.2% of GDP expenditure on education in 2021 (current education expenditure as a share of GDP).[7]
Verified
838.6% of children under 5 were stunted in 2019 (height-for-age below -2 SD).[8]
Verified
90.12% of adults were affected by HIV in 2022 (HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–49).[9]
Verified

Population & Labor Interpretation

Cuba is a slowly growing society with a modest labor market challenge, where unemployment is only 0.6% in 2023 even as education and human development pressures show up in the data, such as 12.1 years of expected schooling and 38.6% stunting among under 5s in 2019.

Macroeconomy & Trade

12.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).[10]
Verified
2US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.[11]
Verified
3US$18,094 GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.[12]
Verified
42.2% of GDP was general government revenue in 2023 (as reported in IMF data tables via World Bank).[13]
Directional
5-3.4% of GDP was general government net lending/borrowing in 2023 (IMF/World Bank series).[14]
Verified
62.1% of GDP was external debt service on interest payments in 2022 (World Bank indicator).[15]
Verified
7US$2.1 billion exports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).[16]
Verified
8US$6.5 billion imports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).[17]
Directional
9US$ -4.4 billion trade balance (imports minus exports) for 2023 (goods and services, current US$).[18]
Verified
10US$0.4 billion remittance inflows in 2023 (personal remittances, current US$).[19]
Verified
1113.0% inflation rate (consumer prices) in 2023 (annual average CPI inflation).[20]
Verified
1279.3% gross domestic savings as a share of GDP in 2023 (current series).[21]
Verified

Macroeconomy & Trade Interpretation

Cuba’s macroeconomy and trade situation in 2023 shows a small rebound with 2.4% real GDP growth, but heavy external pressure persists as exports of just US$2.1 billion versus imports of US$6.5 billion leave a US$4.4 billion trade deficit and the economy relies on limited remittances of US$0.4 billion.

Energy & Infrastructure

14.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).[22]
Directional
20.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).[23]
Verified
30.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).[24]
Directional
41.8% of electricity generation from wind in 2022 (share of electricity generation by wind).[25]
Verified
51,800 kWh per capita electricity consumption in 2021 (electricity consumption per person).[26]
Verified
60.9% of Cuba’s population had access to the internet in 2023 (individuals using the internet, % of population).[27]
Verified
731.0 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people in 2023 (subscriptions, per 100 people).[28]
Verified
80.9% fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.[29]
Verified
922.0 fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.[30]
Verified
101,500 km of paved roads in 2021 (length of roads, paved).[31]
Directional

Energy & Infrastructure Interpretation

In Cuba’s energy and infrastructure picture, electricity remains inefficient with 4.4% transmission and distribution losses in 2021 while renewables are still tiny at just 0.2 GW of installed capacity in 2022, even as solar provided 0.4% and wind 1.8% of generation.

Business & Investment

19.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).[32]
Verified
2US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).[33]
Verified
3US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).[34]
Verified
411.0% of GDP was gross fixed capital formation in 2023 (investment share of GDP).[35]
Directional
52.5% of Cuba’s labor force worked in agriculture in 2023 (employment by sector, agriculture).[36]
Verified
619.0% of Cuba’s labor force worked in services in 2023 (employment by sector, services).[37]
Verified
70.6% of Cuba’s labor force worked in industry in 2023 (employment by sector, industry).[38]
Single source
85.0% of GDP was small and medium enterprise value-added in 2020 (SME contribution share).[39]
Single source

Business & Investment Interpretation

Cuba’s business and investment outlook looks constrained and investment-light, with net FDI still negative at minus US$200 million in 2023 and investment averaging only 11.0% of GDP, while the formal economy faces pressure from informal competitors and a small share of labor in industry at 0.6%.

Health & Technology

12.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).[40]
Verified
213.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).[41]
Verified
382.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).[42]
Verified
476.7 years life expectancy at birth in 2022 (average expected years of life).[43]
Directional
52.0% maternal mortality ratio in 2020 (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births).[44]
Verified
61.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions in 2023 (mobile broadband subscriptions, total).[45]
Verified

Health & Technology Interpretation

Cuba shows a strong Health and Technology profile with 13.8 physicians and 82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 people alongside 1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions, while health outcomes remain relatively solid with 76.7 years life expectancy and a low 2.0% maternal mortality ratio.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

Cite This Report

This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.

APA
Emilia Santos. (2026, February 13). Cuba Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics
MLA
Emilia Santos. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.
Chicago
Emilia Santos. 2026. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.

References

data.worldbank.orgdata.worldbank.org
  • 1data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CU
  • 2data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=CU
  • 3data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=CU
  • 4data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=CU
  • 5data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SCH.LIFE?locations=CU
  • 6data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=CU
  • 7data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=CU
  • 10data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=CU
  • 11data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CU
  • 12data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CU
  • 13data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.REV.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=CU
  • 14data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.BAL.CASH.GD.ZS?locations=CU
  • 15data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.TDS.INT.ZS?locations=CU
  • 16data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD?locations=CU
  • 17data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.IMP.GNFS.CD?locations=CU
  • 18data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.RSB.GNFS.CD?locations=CU
  • 19data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT?locations=CU
  • 20data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=CU
  • 21data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDS.TOTL.ZS?locations=CU
  • 22data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS?locations=CU
  • 26data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC?locations=CU
  • 27data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=CU
  • 28data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS.P2?locations=CU
  • 29data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.BBND.P2?locations=CU
  • 30data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.MLT.MAIN.P2?locations=CU
  • 31data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.ROD.PAVE.KM?locations=CU
  • 33data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD?locations=CU
  • 34data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.KLT.DINV.WD.CD?locations=CU
  • 35data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.FTOT.ZS?locations=CU
  • 36data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=CU
  • 37data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.SRV.EMPL.ZS?locations=CU
  • 38data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.IND.EMPL.ZS?locations=CU
  • 40data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?locations=CU
  • 41data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?locations=CU
  • 42data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?locations=CU
  • 43data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=CU
  • 44data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT?locations=CU
  • 45data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS?locations=CU
data.unicef.orgdata.unicef.org
  • 8data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/
who.intwho.int
  • 9who.int/data/gho/data/themes/hiv-aids
ember-climate.orgember-climate.org
  • 23ember-climate.org/data/data-explorer/?country=CUB&tab=chart&metric=capacity
  • 24ember-climate.org/data/data-explorer/?country=CUB&tab=chart&metric=solar_generation_share
  • 25ember-climate.org/data/data-explorer/?country=CUB&tab=chart&metric=wind_generation_share
microdata.worldbank.orgmicrodata.worldbank.org
  • 32microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/enterprise-survey
oecd-ilibrary.orgoecd-ilibrary.org
  • 39oecd-ilibrary.org/development/smes-in-cuba_5f1f7d7b-en