Cuba's population reached 11.3 million in 2024, with less than 14 percent of residents living in urban areas. The economy grew by 2.4 percent last year, but exports of $2.1 billion lagged far behind $6.5 billion in imports.
Key Takeaways
- 11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).
- 1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).
- 13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).
- 2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).
- US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.
- US$18,094 GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.
- 4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).
- 0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).
- 0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).
- 9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).
- US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).
- US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).
- 2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).
- 13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).
- 82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).
In 2023 Cuba posted modest economic growth but low unemployment and limited connectivity amid major trade and financing pressures.
Related reading
01 · Category
Population & Labor9 stats
01
11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).
02
1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).
03
13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).
04
0.6% of Cuba’s labor force was unemployed in 2023 (ILO-modeled unemployment rate).
05
12.1 years of expected years of schooling in 2023 (forecasted education duration for children).
06
1.7% of GDP expenditure on health in 2021 (current health expenditure as a share of GDP).
07
2.2% of GDP expenditure on education in 2021 (current education expenditure as a share of GDP).
08
38.6% of children under 5 were stunted in 2019 (height-for-age below -2 SD).
09
0.12% of adults were affected by HIV in 2022 (HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–49).
Interpretation
Population & Labor Interpretation
Cuba is a slowly growing society with a modest labor market challenge, where unemployment is only 0.6% in 2023 even as education and human development pressures show up in the data, such as 12.1 years of expected schooling and 38.6% stunting among under 5s in 2019.
02 · Category
Macroeconomy & Trade12 stats
01
2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).
02
US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.
03
US$18,094GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.
04
2.2% of GDP was general government revenue in 2023 (as reported in IMF data tables via World Bank).
05
-3.4% of GDP was general government net lending/borrowing in 2023 (IMF/World Bank series).
06
2.1% of GDP was external debt service on interest payments in 2022 (World Bank indicator).
07
US$2.1 billion exports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).
08
US$6.5 billion imports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).
09
US$ -4.4 billion trade balance (imports minus exports) for 2023 (goods and services, current US$).
10
US$0.4 billion remittance inflows in 2023 (personal remittances, current US$).
11
13.0% inflation rate (consumer prices) in 2023 (annual average CPI inflation).
12
79.3% gross domestic savings as a share of GDP in 2023 (current series).
Interpretation
Macroeconomy & Trade Interpretation
Cuba’s macroeconomy and trade situation in 2023 shows a small rebound with 2.4% real GDP growth, but heavy external pressure persists as exports of just US$2.1 billion versus imports of US$6.5 billion leave a US$4.4 billion trade deficit and the economy relies on limited remittances of US$0.4 billion.
03 · Category
Energy & Infrastructure10 stats
01
4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).
02
0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).
03
0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).
04
1.8% of electricity generation from wind in 2022 (share of electricity generation by wind).
05
1,800 kWh per capita electricity consumption in 2021 (electricity consumption per person).
06
0.9% of Cuba’s population had access to the internet in 2023 (individuals using the internet, % of population).
07
31.0 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people in 2023 (subscriptions, per 100 people).
08
0.9% fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.
09
22.0 fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.
10
1,500 km of paved roads in 2021 (length of roads, paved).
Interpretation
Energy & Infrastructure Interpretation
In Cuba’s energy and infrastructure picture, electricity remains inefficient with 4.4% transmission and distribution losses in 2021 while renewables are still tiny at just 0.2 GW of installed capacity in 2022, even as solar provided 0.4% and wind 1.8% of generation.
More related reading
04 · Category
Business & Investment8 stats
01
9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).
02
US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).
03
US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).
04
11.0% of GDP was gross fixed capital formation in 2023 (investment share of GDP).
05
2.5% of Cuba’s labor force worked in agriculture in 2023 (employment by sector, agriculture).
06
19.0% of Cuba’s labor force worked in services in 2023 (employment by sector, services).
07
0.6% of Cuba’s labor force worked in industry in 2023 (employment by sector, industry).
08
5.0% of GDP was small and medium enterprise value-added in 2020 (SME contribution share).
Interpretation
Business & Investment Interpretation
Cuba’s business and investment outlook looks constrained and investment-light, with net FDI still negative at minus US$200 million in 2023 and investment averaging only 11.0% of GDP, while the formal economy faces pressure from informal competitors and a small share of labor in industry at 0.6%.
05 · Category
Health & Technology6 stats
01
2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).
02
13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).
03
82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).
04
76.7 years life expectancy at birth in 2022 (average expected years of life).
05
2.0% maternal mortality ratio in 2020 (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births).
06
1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions in 2023 (mobile broadband subscriptions, total).
Interpretation
Health & Technology Interpretation
Cuba shows a strong Health and Technology profile with 13.8 physicians and 82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 people alongside 1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions, while health outcomes remain relatively solid with 76.7 years life expectancy and a low 2.0% maternal mortality ratio.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Emilia Santos. (2026, February 13). Cuba Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics
MLA
Emilia Santos. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.
Chicago
Emilia Santos. 2026. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.
Sources & references
45 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+39 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)