Cuba’s population is estimated at 11.3 million in 2024, with growth of 1.5% and about 13.1% of people living in urban areas. The page then links the economy to everyday life—covering unemployment, GDP growth, public revenue and investment, tourism, and foreign capital flows and stock—before turning to electricity reliability and the mix of generation. It also highlights health and human-development indicators such as physician and nurse capacity, plus life expectancy.
Key Takeaways
- 11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).
- 1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).
- 13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).
- 2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).
- US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.
- US$18,094 GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.
- 4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).
- 0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).
- 0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).
- 9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).
- US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).
- US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).
- 2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).
- 13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).
- 82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).
In 2024 Cuba had 11.3 million people, 1.5 percent growth, and modest economic gains alongside low unemployment.
Related reading
01 · Category
Population & Labor9 stats
01
11.3 million total population in 2024 (Cuba’s estimated population).
02
1.5% population growth rate in 2024 (Cuba’s annual growth estimate).
03
13.1% of Cuba’s population lived in urban areas in 2024 (share of population in urban areas).
04
0.6% of Cuba’s labor force was unemployed in 2023 (ILO-modeled unemployment rate).
05
12.1 years of expected years of schooling in 2023 (forecasted education duration for children).
06
1.7% of GDP expenditure on health in 2021 (current health expenditure as a share of GDP).
07
2.2% of GDP expenditure on education in 2021 (current education expenditure as a share of GDP).
08
38.6% of children under 5 were stunted in 2019 (height-for-age below -2 SD).
09
0.12% of adults were affected by HIV in 2022 (HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–49).
Interpretation
Population & Labor Interpretation
With a total population of 11.3 million growing slowly at 1.5% and only 0.6% unemployment, Cuba’s Population and Labor picture suggests a relatively stable workforce and society, supported by low urbanization at 13.1% and decent human capital signals like 12.1 years of expected schooling.
02 · Category
Macroeconomy & Trade12 stats
01
2.4% real GDP growth in 2023 (annual growth rate of real GDP).
02
US$28.8 billion current GDP (current US$) for 2023.
03
US$18,094GDP per capita (current US$) in 2023.
04
2.2% of GDP was general government revenue in 2023 (as reported in IMF data tables via World Bank).
05
-3.4% of GDP was general government net lending/borrowing in 2023 (IMF/World Bank series).
06
2.1% of GDP was external debt service on interest payments in 2022 (World Bank indicator).
07
US$2.1 billion exports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).
08
US$6.5 billion imports of goods and services in 2023 (current US$).
09
US$ -4.4 billion trade balance (imports minus exports) for 2023 (goods and services, current US$).
10
US$0.4 billion remittance inflows in 2023 (personal remittances, current US$).
11
13.0% inflation rate (consumer prices) in 2023 (annual average CPI inflation).
12
79.3% gross domestic savings as a share of GDP in 2023 (current series).
Interpretation
Macroeconomy & Trade Interpretation
In Cuba’s macroeconomy and trade context, modest growth of 2.4% in 2023 comes alongside very low government revenue at 2.2% of GDP and a deficit of -3.4% of GDP, signaling constrained fiscal capacity and limited room to support trade and economic activity.
03 · Category
Energy & Infrastructure13 stats
01
4.4% electricity losses in 2021 (electricity transmission and distribution losses as % of output).
02
0.2 GW installed renewable electricity capacity in 2022 (renewable generating capacity).
03
0.4% of electricity generation from solar in 2022 (share of electricity generation by solar).
04
1.8% of electricity generation from wind in 2022 (share of electricity generation by wind).
05
1,800 kWh per capita electricity consumption in 2021 (electricity consumption per person).
06
0.9% of Cuba’s population had access to the internet in 2023 (individuals using the internet, % of population).
07
31.0 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people in 2023 (subscriptions, per 100 people).
08
0.9% fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.
09
22.0 fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 people in 2023.
10
1,500 km of paved roads in 2021 (length of roads, paved).
11
0.5 GW installed renewable capacity in Cuba in 2022 (installed capacity)
12
0.6 GW installed renewable capacity in Cuba in 2023 (installed capacity)
13
0.7 GW installed renewable capacity in Cuba in 2024 (installed capacity)
Interpretation
Energy & Infrastructure Interpretation
In Cuba’s energy and infrastructure picture, electricity use is modest at 1,800 kWh per person in 2021 while the grid still loses 4.4% of electricity in transmission and distribution, and renewables remain small in 2022 with only 0.2 GW of installed capacity and 0.4% solar and 1.8% wind generation.
More related reading
report visual · Projection
Cuba’s installed renewable capacity is rising
Installed renewable capacity in Cuba increased each year from 2022 to 2024, with 2024 the leader (gap shown by the steady upward trajectory).
0.5 GW
Start
+18.32%
CAGR · 2y
0.7 GW
Projected
20222024
source-verifiedember-energy.org2024
04 · Category
Business & Investment8 stats
01
9.8% of firms identify informal sector competitors as a major constraint (World Bank Enterprise Surveys).
02
US$ -200 million net FDI flows in 2023 (foreign direct investment, net inflows).
03
US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock in 2023 (FDI stock, current US$).
04
11.0% of GDP was gross fixed capital formation in 2023 (investment share of GDP).
05
2.5% of Cuba’s labor force worked in agriculture in 2023 (employment by sector, agriculture).
06
19.0% of Cuba’s labor force worked in services in 2023 (employment by sector, services).
07
0.6% of Cuba’s labor force worked in industry in 2023 (employment by sector, industry).
08
5.0% of GDP was small and medium enterprise value-added in 2020 (SME contribution share).
Interpretation
Business & Investment Interpretation
For the Business and Investment outlook, Cuba saw only US$200 million in net FDI inflows in 2023 against a US$6.7 billion inward FDI stock while investment reached 11.0% of GDP, and employment skewed away from agriculture at 2.5% toward services at 19.0%, suggesting opportunities for business growth may be constrained by a relatively weak inflow pipeline and competition from the informal sector, which 9.8% of firms cite as a major obstacle.
05 · Category
Health & Technology6 stats
01
2.1 million international tourist arrivals in 2023 (number of inbound international tourists).
02
13.8 physicians per 10,000 population in 2021 (physicians density).
03
82.6 nurses and midwives per 10,000 population in 2021 (nursing and midwifery personnel density).
04
76.7 years life expectancy at birth in 2022 (average expected years of life).
05
2.0% maternal mortality ratio in 2020 (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births).
06
1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions in 2023 (mobile broadband subscriptions, total).
Interpretation
Health & Technology Interpretation
Cuba’s Health and Technology profile stands out with strong human-development health indicators like 76.7 years life expectancy and 13.8 physicians per 10,000 people, alongside 1.0 million mobile broadband subscriptions in 2023 that suggest digital connectivity is growing in parallel with healthcare capacity.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Emilia Santos. (2026, February 13). Cuba Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics
MLA
Emilia Santos. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.
Chicago
Emilia Santos. 2026. "Cuba Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/cuba-statistics.
Sources & references
46 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+39 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)