GITNUXREPORT 2026

Venezuela Statistics

Venezuela’s population is estimated at 28,917,613 with a median age of 29.9, yet the country also posts a net migration rate of -7.49 per 1,000, reflecting an exodus that UNHCR links to over 7.7 million emigrants since 2014. From urban life where 88.2% live in cities to deep strain in the economy and public services, this page connects the demographic shift to pressures like shrinking investment, mass unemployment, and basic access gaps that still shape daily reality.

136 statistics5 sections8 min readUpdated 7 days ago

Statistic 1

Venezuela's population in 2023 was estimated at 28,917,613

Statistic 2

Median age in Venezuela is 29.9 years as of 2023 estimates

Statistic 3

Birth rate was 15.23 births/1,000 population in 2023

Statistic 4

Death rate was 5.48 deaths/1,000 population in 2023

Statistic 5

Net migration rate was -7.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population in 2023, reflecting exodus

Statistic 6

Urbanization rate was 88.2% in 2023, with 25.54 million urban dwellers

Statistic 7

Sex ratio at birth was 1.05 male(s)/female

Statistic 8

Infant mortality rate was 21.6 deaths/1,000 live births in 2023

Statistic 9

Life expectancy at birth total was 73.1 years in 2023

Statistic 10

Total fertility rate was 2.19 children born/woman in 2023

Statistic 11

Ethnic groups: mestizo 51.6%, white 43.6%, Black/Afro-descendant 3.6%, Amerindian 2.8% (per 2011 census)

Statistic 12

Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2% (per 2011 census)

Statistic 13

Languages: Spanish (official), 150 indigenous languages officially recognized

Statistic 14

Literacy rate age 15+ was 99.0% (2021 est.)

Statistic 15

Age structure 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 3,758,882/female 3,589,119)

Statistic 16

Age structure 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 9,545,569/female 9,539,719)

Statistic 17

Age structure 65+ years: 8.8% (male 1,025,945/female 1,458,379)

Statistic 18

Dependency ratios total: 51.8 youth 44.4 elderly 7.4

Statistic 19

Over 7.7 million Venezuelans have emigrated since 2014, per UNHCR 2023

Statistic 20

Maternal mortality ratio was 125 deaths/100,000 live births in 2020

Statistic 21

Population growth rate was -0.45% in 2023

Statistic 22

Major urban areas pop: Caracas 3.021 million, Maracaibo 2.229 million, Valencia 1.727 million (2023)

Statistic 23

Population density 34/km² in 2023

Statistic 24

Obesity adult prevalence rate 26.9% in 2016

Statistic 25

Drinking water access improved: urban 95%, rural 78% (2020)

Statistic 26

Sanitation access: urban 94%, rural 75% (2020)

Statistic 27

HIV/AIDS adult prevalence 0.5% (2022 est.)

Statistic 28

Venezuela's GDP (current US$) in 2022 was $102.332 billion, marking a slight recovery from previous hyperinflation years

Statistic 29

The inflation rate (consumer prices) in Venezuela reached 264,683% in 2018, one of the highest in recorded history

Statistic 30

Venezuela's public debt as a percentage of GDP stood at 350.4% in 2021 estimates, indicating severe fiscal strain

Statistic 31

Oil exports accounted for 95% of Venezuela's total exports in 2022, highlighting extreme dependency on petroleum

Statistic 32

Unemployment rate in Venezuela was 33.3% in 2018, with underemployment affecting over 50% of the workforce

Statistic 33

Venezuela's GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,641 in 2022, down from $18,000 pre-crisis levels

Statistic 34

Foreign direct investment net inflows were -$845 million in 2021, reflecting capital flight

Statistic 35

The poverty rate in Venezuela exceeded 96% in 2021 according to the Venezuelan Academy of Sciences

Statistic 36

Venezuela's current account balance was -5.2% of GDP in 2022, driven by import needs

Statistic 37

Remittances received were $4.1 billion in 2022, a lifeline for many households

Statistic 38

Venezuela's fiscal deficit was estimated at 20% of GDP in 2023 by IMF projections

Statistic 39

Gold production in Venezuela was 29 tonnes in 2022, amid illegal mining issues

Statistic 40

Venezuela's external debt totaled $154 billion in 2023 estimates

Statistic 41

The black market exchange rate for USD/VES reached 36.5 in 2023

Statistic 42

Agriculture contributes only 4.7% to GDP but employs 7.3% of workforce in 2021

Statistic 43

Manufacturing sector GDP share was 12% in 2022, severely contracted

Statistic 44

Services sector accounts for 52.4% of GDP in 2022 data

Statistic 45

Venezuela's budget revenue from oil was 72% in 2022

Statistic 46

Ease of doing business rank was 188 out of 190 in 2020 World Bank report

Statistic 47

Corruption Perceptions Index score for Venezuela was 13/100 in 2022, ranking 177/180

Statistic 48

Venezuela's proven oil reserves are 303.3 billion barrels, largest in world

Statistic 49

Daily oil production averaged 802,000 barrels per day in 2023

Statistic 50

Natural gas production was 863 billion cubic feet in 2021

Statistic 51

Venezuela's Gini coefficient was 39 in 2021, indicating high inequality

Statistic 52

Central government debt total was 78.4% of GDP in 2022

Statistic 53

Exports of goods and services were 12.28% of GDP in 2022

Statistic 54

Imports of goods and services were 26.44% of GDP in 2022

Statistic 55

Final consumption expenditure was 93.8% of GDP in 2022

Statistic 56

Gross capital formation was -3.92% of GDP in 2022, negative investment

Statistic 57

Venezuela's total area is 912,050 sq km

Statistic 58

Land area 882,050 sq km, water 30,000 sq km

Statistic 59

Comparative area slightly more than twice size of California

Statistic 60

Coastline 2,800 km

Statistic 61

Maritime claims territorial sea 12 nm, contiguous zone 15 nm, EEZ 200 nm

Statistic 62

Elevation extremes lowest Orinoco delta -1.2 m, highest Pico Bolivar 4,978 m

Statistic 63

Mean elevation 450 m

Statistic 64

Land use arable 0.4%, permanent crops 0.9%, permanent pasture 5%, forest 52.1%, other 41.6% (2018)

Statistic 65

Irrigated land 13,340 sq km (2012)

Statistic 66

Major renewable water resources 1.44 trillion cu m (2020)

Statistic 67

Freshwater withdrawal 9.66 cu km/yr 49% agricultural

Statistic 68

Climate tropical lowland hot humid, tropical highland cool

Statistic 69

Terrain Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest, central plains, Guiana Highlands southeast

Statistic 70

Natural hazards seismic activity, Mount Pico Bolivar vol, floods, rockslides, mudslides

Statistic 71

Volcanism Sangay active, Santiaguito 2012-22

Statistic 72

Environment current issues climate change, pollution Orinoco, deforestation 0.5%/yr, illegal mining

Statistic 73

Environment international agreements party to 17, signed 5 (2023)

Statistic 74

Air pollution PM2.5 24.9 ug/cu m 2019

Statistic 75

Biodiversity terrestrial 13,000 species plants, 1,300 birds, 350 mammals

Statistic 76

Protected areas 18% land, 3% marine (2022)

Statistic 77

Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite

Statistic 78

Land boundaries 5,626 km Guyana 464 Brazil 2,200 Colombia 2,341 Trinidad/Tobago 0 Caribbean Sea 2,800 km

Statistic 79

Major rivers Orinoco 2,000 km, Rio Negro, Casiquiare

Statistic 80

Natural hazards floods frequent in north

Statistic 81

Population distribution 90% within 100 km of coast

Statistic 82

Major watersheds Orinoco basin covers 80%

Statistic 83

Venezuela's life expectancy at birth was 72.3 years in 2022

Statistic 84

Under-5 mortality rate was 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births in 2022

Statistic 85

Physician density was 1.98 physicians/1,000 population in 2012 (latest)

Statistic 86

Hospital beds per 1,000 people was 1.3 in 2012

Statistic 87

Immunization measles 89% in 2022

Statistic 88

Diabetes prevalence 9.2% among adults 2014

Statistic 89

Tuberculosis incidence 26.6 per 100,000 in 2021

Statistic 90

Malaria cases 254,843 in 2022 per WHO

Statistic 91

COVID-19 deaths official 5,757 as of 2023, underreported

Statistic 92

Adolescent fertility rate 65.8 births/1,000 women 15-19 in 2021

Statistic 93

Antenatal care coverage 80% in 2018

Statistic 94

Children with acute respiratory infection taken to health provider 34.5% (2011-16)

Statistic 95

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months 29.7% (2015-16)

Statistic 96

Vitamin A supplementation 77% (2014)

Statistic 97

Suicide mortality rate 10.1 per 100,000 in 2019

Statistic 98

Health expenditure public 22.6% of total in 2020

Statistic 99

Health expenditure total 5.5% of GDP in 2020

Statistic 100

Incidence of tuberculosis HIV+ 1.7 per 100,000 in 2021

Statistic 101

Hepatitis B prevalence 0.5% infants vaccinated 3 doses 92% 2022

Statistic 102

Polio vaccination 3 doses 76% 2022

Statistic 103

School enrollment primary net 92.6% 2018

Statistic 104

Adjusted net enrollment secondary 59.7% 2018

Statistic 105

Youth literacy rate 15-24 99.2% 2021

Statistic 106

Government expenditure on education 3.3% GDP 2015 latest

Statistic 107

Primary completion rate female 92.1% 2016

Statistic 108

Out-of-school children primary age 4.3% 2018

Statistic 109

Pupil-teacher ratio primary 22.9 2018

Statistic 110

Trainee teachers per new teachers primary 0.4 2012

Statistic 111

Researchers in R&D per million 57.6 2015

Statistic 112

Venezuela held presidential elections in 2018 won by Nicolas Maduro with 67.8% amid opposition boycott

Statistic 113

National Assembly controlled by opposition until 2020, then new pro-Maduro assembly elected

Statistic 114

Freedom House score for Venezuela is 15/100 "Not Free" in 2023

Statistic 115

Human Rights Watch reports over 18,000 arbitrary detentions since 2014 protests

Statistic 116

Venezuela's government type is Federal Presidential Republic

Statistic 117

Suffrage age 18 years, universal

Statistic 118

Executive branch: President Nicolas Maduro (since 19 April 2013)

Statistic 119

Legislative: National Assembly unicameral 277 seats since 2021

Statistic 120

Judicial: Supreme Tribunal of Justice with 32 magistrates appointed by Maduro-controlled assembly

Statistic 121

Corruption Perceptions Index rank 177/180 in 2022, score 13

Statistic 122

Press Freedom Index rank 158/180 in 2023 by RSF

Statistic 123

Over 300 political prisoners reported by Foro Penal in 2023

Statistic 124

Venezuela withdrew from OAS in 2019 after sanctions

Statistic 125

Juan Guaido recognized as interim president by 50+ countries in 2019

Statistic 126

2021 regional elections won by PSUV with 65% amid opposition abstention

Statistic 127

Military loyalty key, with 150,000 active personnel

Statistic 128

Political parties: PSUV dominant, opposition fragmented (VP, AD, PJ)

Statistic 129

International disputes: Essequibo region claim with Guyana

Statistic 130

US sanctions since 2017 affected 150+ officials and entities

Statistic 131

EU sanctions on 55 individuals and 16 entities as of 2023

Statistic 132

Russia and China vetoed UNSC actions on Venezuela crisis multiple times

Statistic 133

2017 Constituent Assembly created with 545 seats, all pro-Maduro

Statistic 134

Voter turnout in 2018 presidential election was 46.1%, lowest ever

Statistic 135

Amnesty International documents 90+ deaths in 2017 protests

Statistic 136

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index rank 129/142 in 2023

1/136

Sources

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Written by Rachel Svensson·Edited by Min-ji Park·Fact-checked by Jonathan Hale

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 13, 2026·Next review: Nov 2026

Fact-checked via 4-step process— how we build this report

01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

Venezuela counted an estimated 28,917,613 people in 2023, but its numbers also reveal deep pressure points, from a net migration rate of -7.49 per 1,000 to a population growth rate of -0.45%. With life expectancy at 73.1 years alongside a poverty rate above 96% and oil still driving 95% of exports, the country’s social and economic indicators move in ways that rarely line up neatly. Alongside age, health, and infrastructure metrics, these figures help explain how Venezuela got where it is today.

Key Takeaways

Venezuela's population in 2023 was estimated at 28,917,613
Median age in Venezuela is 29.9 years as of 2023 estimates
Birth rate was 15.23 births/1,000 population in 2023
Venezuela's GDP (current US$) in 2022 was $102.332 billion, marking a slight recovery from previous hyperinflation years
The inflation rate (consumer prices) in Venezuela reached 264,683% in 2018, one of the highest in recorded history
Venezuela's public debt as a percentage of GDP stood at 350.4% in 2021 estimates, indicating severe fiscal strain
Venezuela's total area is 912,050 sq km
Land area 882,050 sq km, water 30,000 sq km
Comparative area slightly more than twice size of California
Venezuela's life expectancy at birth was 72.3 years in 2022
Under-5 mortality rate was 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births in 2022
Physician density was 1.98 physicians/1,000 population in 2012 (latest)
Venezuela held presidential elections in 2018 won by Nicolas Maduro with 67.8% amid opposition boycott
National Assembly controlled by opposition until 2020, then new pro-Maduro assembly elected
Freedom House score for Venezuela is 15/100 "Not Free" in 2023

Venezuela in 2023 faced population decline and massive hardship, even as most people lived in cities.

Demographics

1Venezuela's population in 2023 was estimated at 28,917,613

Single source

2Median age in Venezuela is 29.9 years as of 2023 estimates

Verified

3Birth rate was 15.23 births/1,000 population in 2023

Directional

4Death rate was 5.48 deaths/1,000 population in 2023

Verified

5Net migration rate was -7.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population in 2023, reflecting exodus

Single source

6Urbanization rate was 88.2% in 2023, with 25.54 million urban dwellers

Verified

7Sex ratio at birth was 1.05 male(s)/female

Verified

8Infant mortality rate was 21.6 deaths/1,000 live births in 2023

Verified

9Life expectancy at birth total was 73.1 years in 2023

Verified

10Total fertility rate was 2.19 children born/woman in 2023

Verified

11Ethnic groups: mestizo 51.6%, white 43.6%, Black/Afro-descendant 3.6%, Amerindian 2.8% (per 2011 census)

Single source

12Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2% (per 2011 census)

Verified

13Languages: Spanish (official), 150 indigenous languages officially recognized

Verified

14Literacy rate age 15+ was 99.0% (2021 est.)

Verified

15Age structure 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 3,758,882/female 3,589,119)

Verified

16Age structure 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 9,545,569/female 9,539,719)

Verified

17Age structure 65+ years: 8.8% (male 1,025,945/female 1,458,379)

Verified

18Dependency ratios total: 51.8 youth 44.4 elderly 7.4

Verified

19Over 7.7 million Venezuelans have emigrated since 2014, per UNHCR 2023

Directional

20Maternal mortality ratio was 125 deaths/100,000 live births in 2020

Verified

21Population growth rate was -0.45% in 2023

Single source

22Major urban areas pop: Caracas 3.021 million, Maracaibo 2.229 million, Valencia 1.727 million (2023)

Verified

23Population density 34/km² in 2023

Verified

24Obesity adult prevalence rate 26.9% in 2016

Verified

25Drinking water access improved: urban 95%, rural 78% (2020)

Verified

26Sanitation access: urban 94%, rural 75% (2020)

Verified

27HIV/AIDS adult prevalence 0.5% (2022 est.)

Verified

Demographics Interpretation

Venezuela is a nation bursting with the energy of youth yet tragically bleeding out its future, as more people now flee its crises than are born within its borders.

Economy

1Venezuela's GDP (current US$) in 2022 was $102.332 billion, marking a slight recovery from previous hyperinflation years

Verified

2The inflation rate (consumer prices) in Venezuela reached 264,683% in 2018, one of the highest in recorded history

Verified

3Venezuela's public debt as a percentage of GDP stood at 350.4% in 2021 estimates, indicating severe fiscal strain

Single source

4Oil exports accounted for 95% of Venezuela's total exports in 2022, highlighting extreme dependency on petroleum

Directional

5Unemployment rate in Venezuela was 33.3% in 2018, with underemployment affecting over 50% of the workforce

Verified

6Venezuela's GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,641 in 2022, down from $18,000 pre-crisis levels

Verified

7Foreign direct investment net inflows were -$845 million in 2021, reflecting capital flight

Verified

8The poverty rate in Venezuela exceeded 96% in 2021 according to the Venezuelan Academy of Sciences

Directional

9Venezuela's current account balance was -5.2% of GDP in 2022, driven by import needs

Verified

10Remittances received were $4.1 billion in 2022, a lifeline for many households

Verified

11Venezuela's fiscal deficit was estimated at 20% of GDP in 2023 by IMF projections

Single source

12Gold production in Venezuela was 29 tonnes in 2022, amid illegal mining issues

Single source

13Venezuela's external debt totaled $154 billion in 2023 estimates

Directional

14The black market exchange rate for USD/VES reached 36.5 in 2023

Single source

15Agriculture contributes only 4.7% to GDP but employs 7.3% of workforce in 2021

Verified

16Manufacturing sector GDP share was 12% in 2022, severely contracted

Single source

17Services sector accounts for 52.4% of GDP in 2022 data

Verified

18Venezuela's budget revenue from oil was 72% in 2022

Verified

19Ease of doing business rank was 188 out of 190 in 2020 World Bank report

Verified

20Corruption Perceptions Index score for Venezuela was 13/100 in 2022, ranking 177/180

Verified

21Venezuela's proven oil reserves are 303.3 billion barrels, largest in world

Verified

22Daily oil production averaged 802,000 barrels per day in 2023

Verified

23Natural gas production was 863 billion cubic feet in 2021

Verified

24Venezuela's Gini coefficient was 39 in 2021, indicating high inequality

Verified

25Central government debt total was 78.4% of GDP in 2022

Verified

26Exports of goods and services were 12.28% of GDP in 2022

Directional

27Imports of goods and services were 26.44% of GDP in 2022

Single source

28Final consumption expenditure was 93.8% of GDP in 2022

Single source

29Gross capital formation was -3.92% of GDP in 2022, negative investment

Verified

Economy Interpretation

Venezuela has perfected a uniquely tragic alchemy, transforming the world's largest oil reserves into a nation where hyperinflation renders money a museum piece, debt has become an astronomical art form, unemployment is a mainstream career, and survival increasingly depends on remittances from those who escaped.

Geography

1Venezuela's total area is 912,050 sq km

Verified

2Land area 882,050 sq km, water 30,000 sq km

Directional

3Comparative area slightly more than twice size of California

Verified

4Coastline 2,800 km

Directional

5Maritime claims territorial sea 12 nm, contiguous zone 15 nm, EEZ 200 nm

Verified

6Elevation extremes lowest Orinoco delta -1.2 m, highest Pico Bolivar 4,978 m

Single source

7Mean elevation 450 m

Single source

8Land use arable 0.4%, permanent crops 0.9%, permanent pasture 5%, forest 52.1%, other 41.6% (2018)

Verified

9Irrigated land 13,340 sq km (2012)

Verified

10Major renewable water resources 1.44 trillion cu m (2020)

Verified

11Freshwater withdrawal 9.66 cu km/yr 49% agricultural

Verified

12Climate tropical lowland hot humid, tropical highland cool

Verified

13Terrain Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest, central plains, Guiana Highlands southeast

Verified

14Natural hazards seismic activity, Mount Pico Bolivar vol, floods, rockslides, mudslides

Verified

15Volcanism Sangay active, Santiaguito 2012-22

Verified

16Environment current issues climate change, pollution Orinoco, deforestation 0.5%/yr, illegal mining

Directional

17Environment international agreements party to 17, signed 5 (2023)

Single source

18Air pollution PM2.5 24.9 ug/cu m 2019

Directional

19Biodiversity terrestrial 13,000 species plants, 1,300 birds, 350 mammals

Verified

20Protected areas 18% land, 3% marine (2022)

Verified

21Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite

Directional

22Land boundaries 5,626 km Guyana 464 Brazil 2,200 Colombia 2,341 Trinidad/Tobago 0 Caribbean Sea 2,800 km

Verified

23Major rivers Orinoco 2,000 km, Rio Negro, Casiquiare

Single source

24Natural hazards floods frequent in north

Verified

25Population distribution 90% within 100 km of coast

Verified

26Major watersheds Orinoco basin covers 80%

Verified

Geography Interpretation

Venezuela is a lesson in geographical irony, where nature's staggering generosity—from the life-giving Orinoco basin to vast underground wealth—is perpetually undercut by human governance, leaving its people stranded between potential and peril.

Health

1Venezuela's life expectancy at birth was 72.3 years in 2022

Single source

2Under-5 mortality rate was 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births in 2022

Verified

3Physician density was 1.98 physicians/1,000 population in 2012 (latest)

Verified

4Hospital beds per 1,000 people was 1.3 in 2012

Verified

5Immunization measles 89% in 2022

Single source

6Diabetes prevalence 9.2% among adults 2014

Verified

7Tuberculosis incidence 26.6 per 100,000 in 2021

Verified

8Malaria cases 254,843 in 2022 per WHO

Verified

9COVID-19 deaths official 5,757 as of 2023, underreported

Verified

10Adolescent fertility rate 65.8 births/1,000 women 15-19 in 2021

Verified

11Antenatal care coverage 80% in 2018

Single source

12Children with acute respiratory infection taken to health provider 34.5% (2011-16)

Verified

13Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months 29.7% (2015-16)

Verified

14Vitamin A supplementation 77% (2014)

Verified

15Suicide mortality rate 10.1 per 100,000 in 2019

Verified

16Health expenditure public 22.6% of total in 2020

Verified

17Health expenditure total 5.5% of GDP in 2020

Verified

18Incidence of tuberculosis HIV+ 1.7 per 100,000 in 2021

Single source

19Hepatitis B prevalence 0.5% infants vaccinated 3 doses 92% 2022

Verified

20Polio vaccination 3 doses 76% 2022

Directional

21School enrollment primary net 92.6% 2018

Verified

22Adjusted net enrollment secondary 59.7% 2018

Verified

23Youth literacy rate 15-24 99.2% 2021

Verified

24Government expenditure on education 3.3% GDP 2015 latest

Verified

25Primary completion rate female 92.1% 2016

Single source

26Out-of-school children primary age 4.3% 2018

Verified

27Pupil-teacher ratio primary 22.9 2018

Single source

28Trainee teachers per new teachers primary 0.4 2012

Directional

29Researchers in R&D per million 57.6 2015

Verified

Health Interpretation

Venezuela’s statistics paint a picture of a nation holding onto its literacy and vaccination campaigns by its fingernails while its hospitals and schools slowly crumble beneath the weight of a shattered economy.

Politics

1Venezuela held presidential elections in 2018 won by Nicolas Maduro with 67.8% amid opposition boycott

Single source

2National Assembly controlled by opposition until 2020, then new pro-Maduro assembly elected

Verified

3Freedom House score for Venezuela is 15/100 "Not Free" in 2023

Verified

4Human Rights Watch reports over 18,000 arbitrary detentions since 2014 protests

Verified

5Venezuela's government type is Federal Presidential Republic

Verified

6Suffrage age 18 years, universal

Single source

7Executive branch: President Nicolas Maduro (since 19 April 2013)

Verified

8Legislative: National Assembly unicameral 277 seats since 2021

Verified

9Judicial: Supreme Tribunal of Justice with 32 magistrates appointed by Maduro-controlled assembly

Directional

10Corruption Perceptions Index rank 177/180 in 2022, score 13

Verified

11Press Freedom Index rank 158/180 in 2023 by RSF

Verified

12Over 300 political prisoners reported by Foro Penal in 2023

Verified

13Venezuela withdrew from OAS in 2019 after sanctions

Verified

14Juan Guaido recognized as interim president by 50+ countries in 2019

Verified

152021 regional elections won by PSUV with 65% amid opposition abstention

Verified

16Military loyalty key, with 150,000 active personnel

Verified

17Political parties: PSUV dominant, opposition fragmented (VP, AD, PJ)

Directional

18International disputes: Essequibo region claim with Guyana

Verified

19US sanctions since 2017 affected 150+ officials and entities

Directional

20EU sanctions on 55 individuals and 16 entities as of 2023

Single source

21Russia and China vetoed UNSC actions on Venezuela crisis multiple times

Single source

222017 Constituent Assembly created with 545 seats, all pro-Maduro

Verified

23Voter turnout in 2018 presidential election was 46.1%, lowest ever

Verified

24Amnesty International documents 90+ deaths in 2017 protests

Single source

25World Justice Project Rule of Law Index rank 129/142 in 2023

Verified

Politics Interpretation

A nation whose elections and institutions resemble a democratic pantomime, orchestrated by a powerful executive with a script of universal suffrage but a backstage of political imprisonment, international sanctions, and a judiciary appointed by the very cast it is meant to judge.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source

ChatGPT

Claude

Gemini

Perplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional

ChatGPT

Claude

Gemini

Perplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified

ChatGPT

Claude

Gemini

Perplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

Cite This Report

This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.

APA

Rachel Svensson. (2026, February 13). Venezuela Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/venezuela-statistics

MLA

Rachel Svensson. "Venezuela Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/venezuela-statistics.

Chicago

Rachel Svensson. 2026. "Venezuela Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/venezuela-statistics.

Sources & References

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DATA
data.worldbank.org
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Reference 2
IMF
imf.org
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Reference 3
CIA
cia.gov
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Reference 4
USGS
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Reference 5
TRADINGECONOMICS
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Reference 6
OPEC
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Reference 7
ARCHIVE
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Reference 8
TRANSPARENCY
transparency.org
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Reference 9
EIA
eia.gov
eia.gov
Reference 10
DATA
data.unhcr.org
data.unhcr.org
Reference 11
CFR
cfr.org
cfr.org
Reference 12
FREEDOMHOUSE
freedomhouse.org
freedomhouse.org
Reference 13
HRW
hrw.org
hrw.org
Reference 14
RSF
rsf.org
rsf.org
Reference 15
FOROPENAL
foropenal.com
foropenal.com
Reference 16
OAS
oas.org
oas.org
Reference 17
CNE
cne.gob.ve
cne.gob.ve
Reference 18
HOME
home.treasury.gov
home.treasury.gov
Reference 19
CONSILIUM
consilium.europa.eu
consilium.europa.eu
Reference 20
SECURITYCOUNCILREPORT
securitycouncilreport.org
securitycouncilreport.org
Reference 21
AMNESTY
amnesty.org
amnesty.org
Reference 22
WORLDJUSTICEPROJECT
worldjusticeproject.org
worldjusticeproject.org
Reference 23
WHO
who.int
who.int
Reference 24
DATA
data.who.int
data.who.int
Reference 25
DATA
data.unicef.org
data.unicef.org