Argentina Statistics

Argentina’s economy sits on a sharp edge in 2023, with inflation averaging 211.4% while GDP contracted by 1.6%. In the same year, exports and imports were almost matched at $66.6 billion and $66.4 billion, even as the public debt-to-GDP ratio reached 85.3%. From Vaca Muerta’s 70 billion m3 of shale gas to poverty affecting 41.7% of people, the country’s statistics look wildly different depending on which lens you use.

Key Takeaways

Argentina's nominal GDP in 2023 was $621.83 billion USD
GDP per capita (nominal) reached $13,430 USD in 2023 IMF estimates
GDP growth rate was -1.6% in 2023 according to official data
Total land area of Argentina is 2,780,400 square kilometers
Arable land constitutes 10.9% or 278,000 sq km of total land in 2022
Highest point is Aconcagua at 6,960 meters above sea level
Argentina is a federal presidential representative democratic republic
President Javier Milei assumed office on December 10, 2023
National Congress has 257 deputies in lower house and 72 senators in upper house
Argentina's population in 2023 was estimated at 46,044,703 inhabitants according to the official census projection
The population density of Argentina is 17.15 people per square kilometer as of 2023 estimates
Argentina's median age is 32.6 years, with 25.6% under 15 and 11.2% over 65 in 2023
Literacy rate 99.0% but functional illiteracy affects 20% adults per 2022 study
Football is national sport with 5 World Cup titles: 1978, 1986, 2021, 2022, 2024 Copa America
96.6% primary school enrollment rate for ages 6-11 in 2022

Argentina faced a 1.6% GDP contraction in 2023 amid 211% inflation, high debt, and ongoing trade pressures.

01 · Category

Economy and Trade29 stats

Argentina's nominal GDP in 2023 was $621.83 billion USD

GDP per capita (nominal) reached $13,430USD in 2023 IMF estimates

GDP growth rate was -1.6% in 2023 according to official data

Inflation rate (CPI) averaged 211.4% in 2023 per INDEC

Unemployment rate stood at 6.2% in Q4 2023 INDEC survey

Public debt-to-GDP ratio was 85.3% at end of 2023

Exports totaled $66.6 billion USD in 2023, led by soybean products

Imports were $66.4 billion USD in 2023, mainly machinery and vehicles

Agriculture contributes 6.1% to GDP but 54% of exports in 2023

Industrial sector accounts for 24.6% of GDP in 2023 estimates

Services sector is 54.3% of GDP per 2023 World Bank data

Foreign direct investment inflow was $5.2 billion USD in 2023

Current account balance deficit was 1.9% of GDP in 2023 IMF data

Central bank reserves reached $21.2 billion USD in December 2023

Soybean exports volume was 11.2 million tons in 2022/23 season

Tourism receipts were $5.7 billion USD in 2023 with 6.1 million visitors

Minimum wage was ARS 234,315 monthly in December 2023 nominal terms

Poverty rate affected 41.7% of population in first half 2023 per INDEC

Tax revenue was 27.8% of GDP in 2023 fiscal year

Corn production hit record 52.7 million tons in 2022/23 campaign

Automotive industry produced 522,000 vehicles in 2023

Energy production from Vaca Muerta shale gas was 70 billion m3 in 2023

Stock market capitalization (BCBA) was $50 billion USD end 2023

Remittances inflow $1.3 billion USD in 2023 WB data

Labor force participation rate 64.5% for ages 15+ in Q4 2023

Informal employment covers 36.8% of workforce in urban areas 2023

Wheat exports reached 12.5 million tons valued at $4.2 billion in 2023

GDP PPP total $1.45 trillion international dollars in 2023 IMF

GDP per capita PPP $31,410in 2023 estimates

Interpretation

Economy and Trade Interpretation

Argentina boasts the productive capacity of a wealthy nation, as evidenced by its robust agricultural exports and vast shale gas reserves, yet its economy is currently being strangled by hyperinflation that has pushed four in ten citizens into poverty, turning the country into a tragic case of immense potential squandered by financial chaos.

02 · Category

Geography and Climate30 stats

Total land area of Argentina is 2,780,400 square kilometers

Arable land constitutes 10.9% or 278,000 sq km of total land in 2022

Highest point is Aconcagua at 6,960 meters above sea level

Longest river is the Paraná at 4,880 km flowing through Argentina

Coastline length is 5,302 km along Atlantic and minor Pacific segments

Forest cover is 10.4% or 289,000 sq km per 2020 FAO data

Average annual precipitation in Pampas region is 800-1,200 mm

Patagonia desert receives less than 200 mm rainfall annually on average

Protected areas cover 7.2% of land territory with 40 national parks in 2023

Iguazú Falls has 275 drops averaging 64 meters height

Perito Moreno Glacier spans 250 sq km and advances 2m per day

Renewable water resources total 814 billion cubic meters per year

Mean annual temperature in Buenos Aires is 18.1°C with 140 rainy days

Andes mountains stretch 3,100 km along western border averaging 4,000m elevation

Pampas plains cover 750,000 sq km ideal for cattle ranching

Mesopotamia region between Paraná and Uruguay rivers spans 300,000 sq km

Earthquake-prone due to Andean subduction, with 1944 San Juan quake killing 10,000

Biodiversity: 9,000 plant species, 1,100 birds, 400 mammals recorded

Sea level rise threatens 1.5 million people in coastal areas by 2050 projections

Wind power potential estimated at 300 GW across Patagonia

Drought frequency increased 20% in last 50 years affecting 70% of territory

Glacial area reduced 30% since 1980s, from 13,000 to 9,000 sq km

Gran Chaco woodland covers 650,000 sq km with high deforestation rate of 0.5%/year

Atacama Desert extension in northwest receives <50 mm rain annually

Colorado River basin irrigates 1.2 million hectares of farmland

Tierra del Fuego archipelago has 48,100 sq km largest island 47,000 sq km

Annual mean temperature in Ushuaia is 5.4°C with 200 windy days >100 km/h

Flood-prone areas cover 10% of territory, affecting 5 million people periodically

Volcanic activity in Andean Volcanic Belt with 28 active volcanoes

Exclusive economic zone spans 3,596,817 sq km rich in fisheries

Interpretation

Geography and Climate Interpretation

Argentina's vast lands reveal a nation of stark contrasts, where the relentless march of Patagonian glaciers meets the thirsty expanse of its deserts, and where fertile plains that feed the world coexist with fragile forests and flood-prone cities, all under a sky that is becoming increasingly unpredictable.

03 · Category

Government and Politics28 stats

Argentina is a federal presidential representative democratic republic

President Javier Milei assumed office on December 10, 2023

National Congress has 257 deputies in lower house and 72 senators in upper house

There are 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city (Buenos Aires) as federal units

Supreme Court has 5 justices led by President Horacio Rosatti since 2021

Last presidential election held October 22 and November 19, 2023, with Milei winning 55.7%

Freedom House rates Argentina as Free with 84/100 score in 2023 report

Corruption Perceptions Index score 37/100 ranking 98/180 in 2023 Transparency Intl

Military personnel active: 83,000 with reserves 200,000 in 2023

Defense budget $4.5 billion USD or 0.8% GDP in 2023

Next legislative elections scheduled for October 2025

Peronist party (Union por la Patria) holds 101/257 lower house seats post-2023

La Libertad Avanza party has 38 deputies after 2023 elections

Human Rights Watch notes ongoing issues with indigenous land rights in 2023 report

Argentina recognized same-sex marriage nationwide since July 2010

Abortion legalized up to 14 weeks gestation since December 2020 law

48% voter turnout in August 2023 PASO primaries

Central Bank independence reformed under Milei administration in late 2023

Falklands/Malvinas sovereignty claim upheld in 2023 UN resolutions support

Provincial governors: 15 Peronist, 6 Radical, 3 others post-2023

Press Freedom Index rank 87/180 score 63.42 in 2023 RSF

Gender parity in Congress: 40% women deputies, 45% senators in 2023

Judicial reform protests peaked with 100,000 demonstrators in April 2023

Foreign relations: Member of G20, OAS, Mercosur since 1991

2023 budget deficit targeted at 1.9% GDP but overshot to 4.4%

Indigenous representation: 12/257 indigenous deputies elected in 2021

Emergency decree DNU 70/2023 deregulated 366 economic norms in December

Rule of Law Index score 0.52 ranking 75/142 in 2023 World Justice Project

Interpretation

Government and Politics Interpretation

Argentina presents itself as a robust democracy on paper, boasting high freedom scores and progressive social laws, yet its chronic struggles with corruption, economic instability, and contested governance reveal a nation perpetually wrestling with the gap between its institutional ideals and its turbulent reality.

Global Regional IndustriesDominican Republic Statistics

04 · Category

Population and Demographics30 stats

Argentina's population in 2023 was estimated at 46,044,703 inhabitants according to the official census projection

The population density of Argentina is 17.15 people per square kilometer as of 2023 estimates

Argentina's median age is 32.6 years, with 25.6% under 15 and 11.2% over 65 in 2023

The total fertility rate in Argentina was 1.91 children per woman in 2022

Life expectancy at birth in Argentina is 76.62 years for males and 82.70 years for females as of 2023

Urban population in Argentina constitutes 92.1% of the total population in 2023

Argentina's net migration rate is -0.08 migrants per 1,000 population annually as of 2023 est.

Ethnic composition: 97.2% European and Mestizo, 2.4% Indigenous, 0.4% other in 2023

62.9% of Argentines identify as Roman Catholic, 18.9% no religion, 13.8% Evangelical in 2022 surveys

Spanish is spoken by 98% of the population, with 37% bilingual in other languages like Italian or English

Literacy rate for adults (15+) in Argentina is 99% as of latest 2022 data

Buenos Aires Province has the largest population at 17,571,225 residents in 2022 census

Infant mortality rate is 8.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022

51.0% of Argentina's population is female, 49.0% male as of 2023 census data

Population growth rate was 0.93% annually from 2018-2022 average

Indigenous population represents 2.43% or about 1.1 million people per 2022 census

Argentina has 6.5 million people aged 65+ , comprising 14.2% of population in 2023

Youth unemployment affects 18.7% of 15-24 year olds in Q4 2022

24.8% of households are single-person in urban areas per 2022 INDEC survey

Cuyo region population growth was highest at 1.2% annually 2010-2022

88% of population resides in the Pampas and littoral regions combined in 2023

Argentina's dependency ratio is 53.2 dependents per 100 working-age people in 2023

37% of population has tertiary education or higher per 2022 ENCU survey

Obesity rate among adults is 28.3% in 2022 WHO data

Buenos Aires city proper has 2,891,082 inhabitants per 2022 census

15.3% of population is foreign-born, mainly from neighboring countries in 2023 est.

Age dependency ratio: 42.5 youth and 19.8 elderly per 100 working-age in 2023

4.7 million people live in slums or informal settlements per 2022 data

Northwest region has 15.1% indigenous self-identification rate in 2022 census

Total population projection for 2050 is 55.5 million per UN medium variant

Interpretation

Population and Demographics Interpretation

Argentina is a country of continental scale and urban soul, where a surprisingly young and literate population lives mostly in bustling cities, wrestling with modern growing pains while still managing to enjoy one of the longest lifespans in the region.

05 · Category

Society and Culture23 stats

Literacy rate 99.0% but functional illiteracy affects 20% adults per 2022 study

Football is national sport with 5 World Cup titles: 1978, 1986, 2021, 2022, 2024 Copa America

96.6% primary school enrollment rate for ages 6-11 in 2022

Homicide rate 4.6 per 100,000 in 2022 UNODC data

Tango UNESCO intangible heritage since 2009, danced by 1.5 million annually

Obesity prevalence 36.2% among adults 18+ in 2022

University enrollment 2.1 million students in 1,800 institutions 2023

Mate consumption: 70% daily drinkers, average 1kg/person/year

COVID-19 vaccination: 80% fully vaccinated with 104 million doses administered by 2023

Gender pay gap 22.4% average in formal sector 2023 INDEC

Nobel laureates: 5 including 3 Peace (Perón wife, etc.) and 2 Science

Asado barbecue tradition weekly for 85% families per surveys

Internet penetration 89.4% or 41 million users in 2023

Suicide rate 7.7 per 100,000 population in 2019 WHO latest

Carnival celebrated by 10 million in Gualeguaychú annually

Female labor participation 47.2% in urban areas Q4 2023

Gaucho culture UNESCO heritage with 500,000 traditional riders

Cinema: 150 feature films produced yearly, 50 million tickets sold 2022

Teen birth rate 62.5 per 1,000 women 15-19 in 2022

Social media users 37.4 million or 81% population Jan 2024

Divorce rate 2.5 per 1,000 population since 2010 no-fault law

Polo sport: 6 world championships won by Argentine teams

PISA 2022 scores: Reading 401, Math 378, Science 406 OECD average below

Interpretation

Society and Culture Interpretation

Argentina is a nation of profound contrasts: it can teach the world to tango and win World Cups with a magical left foot, yet still struggles to ensure all its citizens can truly read the rulebook, bridging a deep gap between its celebrated cultural spirit and its uneven social realities.

Reference

Cite This Report

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APA

Marcus Engström. (2026, February 13). Argentina Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics

MLA

Marcus Engström. "Argentina Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics.

Chicago

Marcus Engström. 2026. "Argentina Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics.

Key Takeaways

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Economy and Trade29 stats

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Geography and Climate30 stats

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Government and Politics28 stats

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Population and Demographics30 stats

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Society and Culture23 stats

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Cite This Report

Sources & references