Argentina is a large South American country covering 2,780,400 sq km, with 23 provinces plus the autonomous city of Buenos Aires. This page connects geography to people and governance, highlighting the 2023 picture: a GDP contraction of -1.6%, GDP per capita estimated at $13,430, and very high CPI inflation averaging 211.4%. You’ll also see demographic details like population size, density, and age structure alongside institutions such as its congress and president.
Key Takeaways
- Argentina's nominal GDP in 2023 was $621.83 billion USD
- GDP per capita (nominal) reached $13,430 USD in 2023 IMF estimates
- GDP growth rate was -1.6% in 2023 according to official data
- Total land area of Argentina is 2,780,400 square kilometers
- Arable land constitutes 10.9% or 278,000 sq km of total land in 2022
- Highest point is Aconcagua at 6,960 meters above sea level
- Argentina is a federal presidential representative democratic republic
- President Javier Milei assumed office on December 10, 2023
- National Congress has 257 deputies in lower house and 72 senators in upper house
- Argentina's population in 2023 was estimated at 46,044,703 inhabitants according to the official census projection
- The population density of Argentina is 17.15 people per square kilometer as of 2023 estimates
- Argentina's median age is 32.6 years, with 25.6% under 15 and 11.2% over 65 in 2023
- Literacy rate 99.0% but functional illiteracy affects 20% adults per 2022 study
- Football is national sport with 5 World Cup titles: 1978, 1986, 2021, 2022, 2024 Copa America
- 96.6% primary school enrollment rate for ages 6-11 in 2022
In 2023, Argentina faced -1.6% growth and 211.4% inflation, with GDP per capita reaching $13,430.
Related reading
01 · Category
Economy And Trade29 stats
01
Argentina's nominal GDP in 2023 was $621.83 billion USD
02
GDP per capita (nominal) reached $13,430USD in 2023 IMF estimates
03
GDP growth rate was -1.6% in 2023 according to official data
04
Inflation rate (CPI) averaged 211.4% in 2023 per INDEC
05
Unemployment rate stood at 6.2% in Q4 2023 INDEC survey
06
Public debt-to-GDP ratio was 85.3% at end of 2023
07
Exports totaled $66.6 billion USD in 2023, led by soybean products
08
Imports were $66.4 billion USD in 2023, mainly machinery and vehicles
09
Agriculture contributes 6.1% to GDP but 54% of exports in 2023
10
Industrial sector accounts for 24.6% of GDP in 2023 estimates
11
Services sector is 54.3% of GDP per 2023 World Bank data
12
Foreign direct investment inflow was $5.2 billion USD in 2023
13
Current account balance deficit was 1.9% of GDP in 2023 IMF data
14
Central bank reserves reached $21.2 billion USD in December 2023
15
Soybean exports volume was 11.2 million tons in 2022/23 season
16
Tourism receipts were $5.7 billion USD in 2023 with 6.1 million visitors
17
Minimum wage was ARS 234,315 monthly in December 2023 nominal terms
18
Poverty rate affected 41.7% of population in first half 2023 per INDEC
19
Tax revenue was 27.8% of GDP in 2023 fiscal year
20
Corn production hit record 52.7 million tons in 2022/23 campaign
21
Automotive industry produced 522,000 vehicles in 2023
22
Energy production from Vaca Muerta shale gas was 70 billion m3 in 2023
23
Stock market capitalization (BCBA) was $50 billion USD end 2023
24
Remittances inflow $1.3 billion USD in 2023 WB data
25
Labor force participation rate 64.5% for ages 15+ in Q4 2023
26
Informal employment covers 36.8% of workforce in urban areas 2023
27
Wheat exports reached 12.5 million tons valued at $4.2 billion in 2023
28
GDP PPP total $1.45 trillion international dollars in 2023 IMF
29
GDP per capita PPP $31,410in 2023 estimates
Interpretation
Economy And Trade Interpretation
In Economy and Trade, Argentina’s shrinking 2023 GDP of -1.6% alongside a runaway 211.4% CPI shows an economy under heavy cost pressures despite a still-large $621.83 billion nominal GDP.
02 · Category
Geography And Climate30 stats
01
Total land area of Argentina is 2,780,400 square kilometers
02
Arable land constitutes 10.9% or 278,000 sq km of total land in 2022
03
Highest point is Aconcagua at 6,960 meters above sea level
04
Longest river is the Paraná at 4,880 km flowing through Argentina
05
Coastline length is 5,302 km along Atlantic and minor Pacific segments
06
Forest cover is 10.4% or 289,000 sq km per 2020 FAO data
07
Average annual precipitation in Pampas region is 800-1,200 mm
08
Patagonia desert receives less than 200 mm rainfall annually on average
09
Protected areas cover 7.2% of land territory with 40 national parks in 2023
10
Iguazú Falls has 275 drops averaging 64 meters height
11
Perito Moreno Glacier spans 250 sq km and advances 2m per day
12
Renewable water resources total 814 billion cubic meters per year
13
Mean annual temperature in Buenos Aires is 18.1°C with 140 rainy days
14
Andes mountains stretch 3,100 km along western border averaging 4,000m elevation
15
Pampas plains cover 750,000 sq km ideal for cattle ranching
16
Mesopotamia region between Paraná and Uruguay rivers spans 300,000 sq km
17
Earthquake-prone due to Andean subduction, with 1944 San Juan quake killing 10,000
18
Biodiversity: 9,000 plant species, 1,100 birds, 400 mammals recorded
19
Sea level rise threatens 1.5 million people in coastal areas by 2050 projections
20
Wind power potential estimated at 300 GW across Patagonia
21
Drought frequency increased 20% in last 50 years affecting 70% of territory
22
Glacial area reduced 30% since 1980s, from 13,000 to 9,000 sq km
23
Gran Chaco woodland covers 650,000 sq km with high deforestation rate of 0.5%/year
24
Atacama Desert extension in northwest receives <50 mm rain annually
25
Colorado River basin irrigates 1.2 million hectares of farmland
26
Tierra del Fuego archipelago has 48,100 sq km largest island 47,000 sq km
27
Annual mean temperature in Ushuaia is 5.4°C with 200 windy days >100 km/h
28
Flood-prone areas cover 10% of territory, affecting 5 million people periodically
29
Volcanic activity in Andean Volcanic Belt with 28 active volcanoes
30
Exclusive economic zone spans 3,596,817 sq km rich in fisheries
Interpretation
Geography And Climate Interpretation
Argentina’s geography is dominated by vast land and waterways, with 2,780,400 square kilometers total area, a 6,960-meter high Aconcagua, and the 4,880-kilometer Paraná River, while only 10.9% is arable and forest cover remains limited at 10.4%, shaping the country’s climate and resource patterns.
03 · Category
Government And Politics28 stats
01
Argentina is a federal presidential representative democratic republic
02
President Javier Milei assumed office on December 10, 2023
03
National Congress has 257 deputies in lower house and 72 senators in upper house
04
There are 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city (Buenos Aires) as federal units
05
Supreme Court has 5 justices led by President Horacio Rosatti since 2021
06
Last presidential election held October 22 and November 19, 2023, with Milei winning 55.7%
07
Freedom House rates Argentina as Free with 84/100 score in 2023 report
08
Corruption Perceptions Index score 37/100 ranking 98/180 in 2023 Transparency Intl
09
Military personnel active: 83,000 with reserves 200,000 in 2023
10
Defense budget $4.5 billion USD or 0.8% GDP in 2023
11
Next legislative elections scheduled for October 2025
12
Peronist party (Union por la Patria) holds 101/257 lower house seats post-2023
13
La Libertad Avanza party has 38 deputies after 2023 elections
14
Human Rights Watch notes ongoing issues with indigenous land rights in 2023 report
15
Argentina recognized same-sex marriage nationwide since July 2010
16
Abortion legalized up to 14 weeks gestation since December 2020 law
17
48% voter turnout in August 2023 PASO primaries
18
Central Bank independence reformed under Milei administration in late 2023
19
Falklands/Malvinas sovereignty claim upheld in 2023 UN resolutions support
20
Provincial governors: 15 Peronist, 6 Radical, 3 others post-2023
21
Press Freedom Index rank 87/180 score 63.42 in 2023 RSF
22
Gender parity in Congress: 40% women deputies, 45% senators in 2023
23
Judicial reform protests peaked with 100,000 demonstrators in April 2023
24
Foreign relations: Member of G20, OAS, Mercosur since 1991
25
2023 budget deficit targeted at 1.9% GDP but overshot to 4.4%
26
Indigenous representation: 12/257 indigenous deputies elected in 2021
27
Emergency decree DNU 70/2023 deregulated 366 economic norms in December
28
Rule of Law Index score 0.52 ranking 75/142 in 2023 World Justice Project
Interpretation
Government And Politics Interpretation
Argentina’s Government and Politics are in a clear phase of change as President Javier Milei took office on December 10, 2023, after winning 55.7% in the 2023 election, with the federal system spanning 23 provinces plus Buenos Aires and a Supreme Court led by Horacio Rosatti since 2021.
More related reading
04 · Category
Population And Demographics30 stats
01
Argentina's population in 2023 was estimated at 46,044,703 inhabitants according to the official census projection
02
The population density of Argentina is 17.15 people per square kilometer as of 2023 estimates
03
Argentina's median age is 32.6 years, with 25.6% under 15 and 11.2% over 65 in 2023
04
The total fertility rate in Argentina was 1.91 children per woman in 2022
05
Life expectancy at birth in Argentina is 76.62 years for males and 82.70 years for females as of 2023
06
Urban population in Argentina constitutes 92.1% of the total population in 2023
07
Argentina's net migration rate is -0.08 migrants per 1,000 population annually as of 2023 est.
08
Ethnic composition: 97.2% European and Mestizo, 2.4% Indigenous, 0.4% other in 2023
09
62.9% of Argentines identify as Roman Catholic, 18.9% no religion, 13.8% Evangelical in 2022 surveys
10
Spanish is spoken by 98% of the population, with 37% bilingual in other languages like Italian or English
11
Literacy rate for adults (15+) in Argentina is 99% as of latest 2022 data
12
Buenos Aires Province has the largest population at 17,571,225 residents in 2022 census
13
Infant mortality rate is 8.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022
14
51.0% of Argentina's population is female, 49.0% male as of 2023 census data
15
Population growth rate was 0.93% annually from 2018-2022 average
16
Indigenous population represents 2.43% or about 1.1 million people per 2022 census
17
Argentina has 6.5 million people aged 65+ , comprising 14.2% of population in 2023
18
Youth unemployment affects 18.7% of 15-24 year olds in Q4 2022
19
24.8% of households are single-person in urban areas per 2022 INDEC survey
20
Cuyo region population growth was highest at 1.2% annually 2010-2022
21
88% of population resides in the Pampas and littoral regions combined in 2023
22
Argentina's dependency ratio is 53.2 dependents per 100 working-age people in 2023
23
37% of population has tertiary education or higher per 2022 ENCU survey
24
Obesity rate among adults is 28.3% in 2022 WHO data
25
Buenos Aires city proper has 2,891,082 inhabitants per 2022 census
26
15.3% of population is foreign-born, mainly from neighboring countries in 2023 est.
27
Age dependency ratio: 42.5 youth and 19.8 elderly per 100 working-age in 2023
28
4.7 million people live in slums or informal settlements per 2022 data
29
Northwest region has 15.1% indigenous self-identification rate in 2022 census
30
Total population projection for 2050 is 55.5 million per UN medium variant
Interpretation
Population And Demographics Interpretation
Argentina’s population is growing in a largely urban, aging society, with 92.1% of people living in cities and a median age of 32.6 years alongside life expectancy of 82.70 years for females and 76.62 years for males in 2023.
05 · Category
Society And Culture23 stats
01
Literacy rate 99.0% but functional illiteracy affects 20% adults per 2022 study
02
Football is national sport with 5 World Cup titles: 1978, 1986, 2021, 2022, 2024 Copa America
03
96.6% primary school enrollment rate for ages 6-11 in 2022
04
Homicide rate 4.6 per 100,000 in 2022 UNODC data
05
Tango UNESCO intangible heritage since 2009, danced by 1.5 million annually
06
Obesity prevalence 36.2% among adults 18+ in 2022
07
University enrollment 2.1 million students in 1,800 institutions 2023
08
Mate consumption: 70% daily drinkers, average 1kg/person/year
09
COVID-19 vaccination: 80% fully vaccinated with 104 million doses administered by 2023
10
Gender pay gap 22.4% average in formal sector 2023 INDEC
11
Nobel laureates: 5 including 3 Peace (Perón wife, etc.) and 2 Science
12
Asado barbecue tradition weekly for 85% families per surveys
13
Internet penetration 89.4% or 41 million users in 2023
14
Suicide rate 7.7 per 100,000 population in 2019 WHO latest
15
Carnival celebrated by 10 million in Gualeguaychú annually
16
Female labor participation 47.2% in urban areas Q4 2023
17
Gaucho culture UNESCO heritage with 500,000 traditional riders
18
Cinema: 150 feature films produced yearly, 50 million tickets sold 2022
19
Teen birth rate 62.5 per 1,000 women 15-19 in 2022
20
Social media users 37.4 million or 81% population Jan 2024
21
Divorce rate 2.5 per 1,000 population since 2010 no-fault law
22
Polo sport: 6 world championships won by Argentine teams
23
PISA 2022 scores: Reading 401, Math 378, Science 406 OECD average below
Interpretation
Society And Culture Interpretation
Argentina’s society and culture show both strong access to learning and lingering challenges, with a 99.0% literacy rate in 2022 alongside functional illiteracy impacting 20% of adults, even as schools reach 96.6% enrollment for ages 6 to 11 and cultural identity continues to thrive through tango, which UNESCO has recognized since 2009.
report visual · Key figures
Argentina: Economy & Trade Snapshot (2023)
Trade activity is nearly balanced in 2023, with GDP contraction alongside very high inflation.
$621.83 billion
Argentina's nominal GDP in 2023 was $621.83 billion USD
-1.6%
GDP growth rate was -1.6% in 2023 according to official data
211.4%
Inflation rate (CPI) averaged 211.4% in 2023 per INDEC
$66.6 billion
Exports totaled $66.6 billion USD in 2023, led by soybean products
$66.4 billion
Imports were $66.4 billion USD in 2023, mainly machinery and vehicles
1.9%
Current account balance deficit was 1.9% of GDP in 2023 IMF data
report visual · Key figures
Argentina: geography & climate highlights (cross-category comparison)
Key indicators span land, water, and climate—showing how size, terrain, and precipitation patterns vary across regions.
2,780,400
Total land area of Argentina is 2,780,400 square kilometers
3,100
Andes mountains stretch 3,100 km along western border averaging 4,000m elevation
4,880
Longest river is the Paraná at 4,880 km flowing through Argentina
18.1
Mean annual temperature in Buenos Aires is 18.1°C with 140 rainy days
1,200
Average annual precipitation in Pampas region is 800-1,200 mm
200
Patagonia desert receives less than 200 mm rainfall annually on average
report visual · Key figures
Argentina’s political snapshot since 2021
Key government and election milestones highlight leadership continuity and institutional changes.
5
Supreme Court has 5 justices led by President Horacio Rosatti since 2021
10
President Javier Milei assumed office on December 10, 2023
55.7%
Last presidential election held October 22 and November 19, 2023, with Milei winning 55.7%
48%
48% voter turnout in August 2023 PASO primaries
report visual · Key figures
Argentina’s population and core demographic indicators (2023–2022)
Population scale and key demographic markers highlight a large, urbanized population with a mid-30s median age and low fertility.
46,044,703
Argentina's population in 2023 was estimated at 46,044,703 inhabitants according to the official census projection
92.1%
Urban population in Argentina constitutes 92.1% of the total population in 2023
25.6%
Argentina's median age is 32.6 years, with 25.6% under 15 and 11.2% over 65 in 2023
1.91
The total fertility rate in Argentina was 1.91 children per woman in 2022
53.2
Argentina's dependency ratio is 53.2 dependents per 100 working-age people in 2023
report visual · Key figures
Key social indicators in Argentina (recent years)
Higher access metrics like internet and vaccination coexist with meaningful health and inequality challenges.
89.4%
Internet penetration 89.4% or 41 million users in 2023
80%
COVID-19 vaccination: 80% fully vaccinated with 104 million doses administered by 2023
22.4%
Gender pay gap 22.4% average in formal sector 2023 INDEC
36.2%
Obesity prevalence 36.2% among adults 18+ in 2022
47.2%
Female labor participation 47.2% in urban areas Q4 2023
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Marcus Engström. (2026, February 13). Argentina Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics
MLA
Marcus Engström. "Argentina Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics.
Chicago
Marcus Engström. 2026. "Argentina Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/argentina-statistics.
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