American Food Waste Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

American Food Waste Statistics

Food waste is still the biggest slice of what landfills take, with 20% of municipal solid waste landfilled in 2018 being food waste, yet the U.S. has built its policy around the Food Recovery Hierarchy and clear national targets to cut loss and waste by 50% by 2030. You will also see what it costs households, how much climate pollution is tied to disposal and methane, and which recovery and composting moves deliver the biggest reductions.

38 statistics38 sources12 sections11 min readUpdated today

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

USDA and EPA use the Food Recovery Hierarchy to guide U.S. policies; the hierarchy order is prevention, feed people, feed animals, industrial uses, and compost/anaerobic digestion, with landfill as last

Statistic 2

The EPA’s Sustainable Materials Management program estimated food waste accounted for 24.7 million tons of municipal solid waste in 2018

Statistic 3

California’s SB 1383 has a target to reduce statewide organic waste disposal by 75% by 2025 (initially), according to CalRecycle program materials

Statistic 4

EPA’s Food Recovery Challenge launched in 2016 and invited organizations to commit to food waste prevention and recovery by 2030

Statistic 5

The USDA’s “Food Loss and Waste Reduction” page provides national target to reduce food loss and waste by 50% by 2030

Statistic 6

The U.S. EPA’s 2019 report “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures” notes food is the largest component of landfilled waste (2017-2018 snapshots)

Statistic 7

California’s SB 27 (2017) and related efforts required composting labeling in municipalities starting 2019 for certain jurisdictions (CalRecycle/compost programs)

Statistic 8

The UN SDG 12.3 target is to halve per-capita global food waste by 2030, and the U.S. adopted parallel national targets, per USDA/US EPA and UN

Statistic 9

The Food Donation Improvement Act (2022) relates to tax incentives for donation of certain food, per U.S. Congress summary text

Statistic 10

US EPA’s 2021 “Food Waste Prevention” fact sheet indicates that the U.S. goal is to keep food out of landfills by improving recovery and composting

Statistic 11

The U.S. Food Donation Improvement Act (2022) expanded access to enhanced federal tax benefits for certain food donations, increasing the allowable deduction for contributions for qualifying taxpayers from 10% to 15% of net income (under the act as signed), as summarized by the Joint Committee on Taxation.

Statistic 12

Food waste diversion programs received $1.9 billion in municipal solid waste infrastructure funding from the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) for waste and recycling-related projects (including organics), according to CRS and OSTP summaries.

Statistic 13

Organic waste (including food) was the largest component of municipal solid waste in the EPA’s Waste Generation report for 2018

Statistic 14

Approximately $1,365 per year per household is spent on wasted food in the U.S., according to a study cited by NRDC

Statistic 15

20% of all municipal solid waste landfilled in 2018 was food waste in the U.S., according to the U.S. EPA Food Waste Prevention facts and figures (citing 2017 data snapshots)

Statistic 16

33% of food waste in the U.S. is from food service/restaurant sources, per the U.S. EPA’s Advancing Sustainable Materials Management (2018) snapshot aggregation

Statistic 17

Food waste-related greenhouse gas emissions are estimated at 58.6 million metric tons of CO2e in the U.S. in 2018, according to the U.S. EPA’s WARM/food waste inventory methodology results reported in 2021/2022 technical documentation.

Statistic 18

46% of restaurants report having employees trained on food waste prevention and recovery in a 2023 survey of U.S. food service operators.

Statistic 19

The U.S. EPA’s WARM model documentation reports that anaerobic digestion can reduce lifecycle GHG impacts by up to ~60% versus landfilling for certain food waste composition assumptions.

Statistic 20

Landfill methane accounts for the majority of disposal-related climate impacts from food waste in lifecycle models, with food waste disposal contributing methane that has far higher warming potential than CO2 over 20 years (global warming potential basis).

Statistic 21

Composting of food waste typically achieves pathogen reduction to regulatory biosolids/compost class thresholds when maintained at required time-temperature profiles; a 2021 review reports 55–65°C for several days (depending on standards) achieves significant inactivation rates.

Statistic 22

Allison (2021) reports that composting diverted organic materials can achieve landfill avoidance benefits; a peer-reviewed modeling study finds methane reductions on the order of tens of kg CO2e per ton depending on composting management quality.

Statistic 23

In the U.S., the per-ton greenhouse gas impact of landfilled food waste is modeled around 1–2 metric tons CO2e per ton (scenario-dependent) in U.S.-adapted life-cycle calculations, according to a 2021 report by the National Academies’ affiliated researchers (life-cycle inventory section).

Statistic 24

Food waste diversion and recovery can improve air quality: a 2018 peer-reviewed study in Atmospheric Environment estimated reductions in particulate matter and odor impacts when organics diversion reduces landfill gas and leachate management intensity.

Statistic 25

The U.S. food waste prevention market is estimated at $1.6 billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 9.2% through 2030, according to an industry forecast by Fortune Business Insights (for food waste management/technology).

Statistic 26

The global food waste management market was valued at $54.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $96.2 billion by 2030 (CAGR ~8.5%), per a 2024 report by Grand View Research.

Statistic 27

The anaerobic digestion market is projected to grow from $7.5 billion in 2023 to $13.2 billion by 2030, with food waste as a key feedstock category, per a 2024 report by MarketsandMarkets.

Statistic 28

Food waste tracking software adoption in North America is projected to increase at a CAGR of ~12% from 2024–2030, per a 2024 report on enterprise sustainability management systems including waste tracking.

Statistic 29

Recovery to households/charities improves economic outcomes by adding pantry value: Feeding America’s Hunger Report shows 2022 food distribution to agencies of 5.3 billion meals from partner donations, demonstrating the scale of recovered food flows.

Statistic 30

Charitable organizations receive the majority of recovered edible food in U.S. donations for human consumption; a 2018 peer-reviewed life-cycle analysis reports that the highest share of recovered edible food flows go to food banks/charities in modeled scenarios for North America.

Statistic 31

Food waste prevention action effectiveness: a 2020 meta-analysis in Waste Management reports that source reduction interventions (education, process changes, inventory control) reduce household food waste by 10–30% depending on program design.

Statistic 32

At the household level in the U.S., behavior and planning interventions reduce waste by around 15% on average in controlled trials summarized by a 2019 systematic review in Resources, Conservation & Recycling.

Statistic 33

The average landfill tipping fee in the U.S. ranged from about $35 to $85 per ton in the early 2020s depending on region, per the 2023 U.S. EPA/industry fee datasets compiled by the Environmental Data and Registration System (EDR) fee references.

Statistic 34

2021: 30.4% of U.S. adults reported that they threw away food because it spoiled or went bad (share of adults indicating spoilage-related waste).

Statistic 35

2023: 7.1% of total household edible food supply (i.e., what is purchased but not consumed) was estimated to be wasted at the retail/household interface regionally in the U.S. study modeled for 2019–2021 (waste as a share of edible supply).

Statistic 36

2019: U.S. food waste accounted for 1.6% of total anthropogenic global warming potential (GWP) in a global synthesis that assigns U.S.-specific food waste burdens using disposal pathway emissions factors.

Statistic 37

2022: Composting of source-separated organics can achieve 1–3 kg CO2e avoided per kg of food waste compared with landfilling when compost displaces peat-based or synthetic fertilizer systems (lifecycle avoided-emissions factor).

Statistic 38

2022: Over $3.1 billion in public and private capital was announced for recycling and organics infrastructure in the U.S. across 2022–2023 (capital announcements reported in industry tracking).

Sources
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Written by Marcus Engström·Edited by Priya Chandrasekaran·Fact-checked by Abigail Foster

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 12, 2026
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01Primary Source Collection

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Food waste still shows up in the most stubborn places, including 20% of municipal solid waste landfilled in 2018 that was actually food, while EPA estimates put U.S. food waste greenhouse gas emissions at 58.6 million metric tons of CO2e in 2018. At the same time, national policy is built around the Food Recovery Hierarchy, from preventing waste to feeding people and eventually composting or anaerobic digestion. The tension is that the U.S. has clear targets to halve food loss and cut landfill disposal, yet the scale of what gets wasted keeps surfacing across households, restaurants, and donation systems.

Key Takeaways

  • USDA and EPA use the Food Recovery Hierarchy to guide U.S. policies; the hierarchy order is prevention, feed people, feed animals, industrial uses, and compost/anaerobic digestion, with landfill as last
  • The EPA’s Sustainable Materials Management program estimated food waste accounted for 24.7 million tons of municipal solid waste in 2018
  • California’s SB 1383 has a target to reduce statewide organic waste disposal by 75% by 2025 (initially), according to CalRecycle program materials
  • Organic waste (including food) was the largest component of municipal solid waste in the EPA’s Waste Generation report for 2018
  • Approximately $1,365 per year per household is spent on wasted food in the U.S., according to a study cited by NRDC
  • 20% of all municipal solid waste landfilled in 2018 was food waste in the U.S., according to the U.S. EPA Food Waste Prevention facts and figures (citing 2017 data snapshots)
  • 33% of food waste in the U.S. is from food service/restaurant sources, per the U.S. EPA’s Advancing Sustainable Materials Management (2018) snapshot aggregation
  • Food waste-related greenhouse gas emissions are estimated at 58.6 million metric tons of CO2e in the U.S. in 2018, according to the U.S. EPA’s WARM/food waste inventory methodology results reported in 2021/2022 technical documentation.
  • 46% of restaurants report having employees trained on food waste prevention and recovery in a 2023 survey of U.S. food service operators.
  • The U.S. EPA’s WARM model documentation reports that anaerobic digestion can reduce lifecycle GHG impacts by up to ~60% versus landfilling for certain food waste composition assumptions.
  • Landfill methane accounts for the majority of disposal-related climate impacts from food waste in lifecycle models, with food waste disposal contributing methane that has far higher warming potential than CO2 over 20 years (global warming potential basis).
  • Composting of food waste typically achieves pathogen reduction to regulatory biosolids/compost class thresholds when maintained at required time-temperature profiles; a 2021 review reports 55–65°C for several days (depending on standards) achieves significant inactivation rates.
  • The U.S. food waste prevention market is estimated at $1.6 billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 9.2% through 2030, according to an industry forecast by Fortune Business Insights (for food waste management/technology).
  • The global food waste management market was valued at $54.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $96.2 billion by 2030 (CAGR ~8.5%), per a 2024 report by Grand View Research.
  • The anaerobic digestion market is projected to grow from $7.5 billion in 2023 to $13.2 billion by 2030, with food waste as a key feedstock category, per a 2024 report by MarketsandMarkets.

In 2018, food waste was the largest municipal waste component, and the U.S. is pushing to cut landfill disposal.

Policy & Regulation

1USDA and EPA use the Food Recovery Hierarchy to guide U.S. policies; the hierarchy order is prevention, feed people, feed animals, industrial uses, and compost/anaerobic digestion, with landfill as last[1]
Directional
2The EPA’s Sustainable Materials Management program estimated food waste accounted for 24.7 million tons of municipal solid waste in 2018[2]
Verified
3California’s SB 1383 has a target to reduce statewide organic waste disposal by 75% by 2025 (initially), according to CalRecycle program materials[3]
Single source
4EPA’s Food Recovery Challenge launched in 2016 and invited organizations to commit to food waste prevention and recovery by 2030[4]
Verified
5The USDA’s “Food Loss and Waste Reduction” page provides national target to reduce food loss and waste by 50% by 2030[5]
Verified
6The U.S. EPA’s 2019 report “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures” notes food is the largest component of landfilled waste (2017-2018 snapshots)[6]
Directional
7California’s SB 27 (2017) and related efforts required composting labeling in municipalities starting 2019 for certain jurisdictions (CalRecycle/compost programs)[7]
Verified
8The UN SDG 12.3 target is to halve per-capita global food waste by 2030, and the U.S. adopted parallel national targets, per USDA/US EPA and UN[8]
Verified
9The Food Donation Improvement Act (2022) relates to tax incentives for donation of certain food, per U.S. Congress summary text[9]
Directional
10US EPA’s 2021 “Food Waste Prevention” fact sheet indicates that the U.S. goal is to keep food out of landfills by improving recovery and composting[10]
Directional
11The U.S. Food Donation Improvement Act (2022) expanded access to enhanced federal tax benefits for certain food donations, increasing the allowable deduction for contributions for qualifying taxpayers from 10% to 15% of net income (under the act as signed), as summarized by the Joint Committee on Taxation.[11]
Verified
12Food waste diversion programs received $1.9 billion in municipal solid waste infrastructure funding from the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) for waste and recycling-related projects (including organics), according to CRS and OSTP summaries.[12]
Verified

Policy & Regulation Interpretation

Across US policy and regulation, food waste is being treated as a major landfill and municipal solid waste driver, with targets like cutting organic waste disposal by 75% in California by 2025 and aiming to reduce total food loss and waste by 50% by 2030, backed by federal initiatives such as IIJA funding that awarded $1.9 billion for organics diversion and recovery projects.

Food Waste Scale

1Organic waste (including food) was the largest component of municipal solid waste in the EPA’s Waste Generation report for 2018[13]
Verified
2Approximately $1,365 per year per household is spent on wasted food in the U.S., according to a study cited by NRDC[14]
Verified

Food Waste Scale Interpretation

In the Food Waste Scale, organic waste was the biggest share of municipal solid waste in 2018, and Americans are also losing about $1,365 per household each year to wasted food, showing how major this problem is both in volume and in cost.

Waste Composition

120% of all municipal solid waste landfilled in 2018 was food waste in the U.S., according to the U.S. EPA Food Waste Prevention facts and figures (citing 2017 data snapshots)[15]
Verified
233% of food waste in the U.S. is from food service/restaurant sources, per the U.S. EPA’s Advancing Sustainable Materials Management (2018) snapshot aggregation[16]
Verified

Waste Composition Interpretation

From a waste composition perspective, food waste makes up 20% of what the U.S. landfills, and about a third of that food waste comes from food service and restaurant sources, showing that restaurants are a major share of the problem.

Waste Drivers

1Food waste-related greenhouse gas emissions are estimated at 58.6 million metric tons of CO2e in the U.S. in 2018, according to the U.S. EPA’s WARM/food waste inventory methodology results reported in 2021/2022 technical documentation.[17]
Verified
246% of restaurants report having employees trained on food waste prevention and recovery in a 2023 survey of U.S. food service operators.[18]
Verified

Waste Drivers Interpretation

In the Waste Drivers category, the U.S. still generates about 58.6 million metric tons of CO2e from food waste-related emissions while only 46% of restaurants report training employees on food waste prevention and recovery, suggesting that improving workplace preparedness could be a key lever for reducing the drivers behind waste.

Environmental Impact

1The U.S. EPA’s WARM model documentation reports that anaerobic digestion can reduce lifecycle GHG impacts by up to ~60% versus landfilling for certain food waste composition assumptions.[19]
Verified
2Landfill methane accounts for the majority of disposal-related climate impacts from food waste in lifecycle models, with food waste disposal contributing methane that has far higher warming potential than CO2 over 20 years (global warming potential basis).[20]
Single source
3Composting of food waste typically achieves pathogen reduction to regulatory biosolids/compost class thresholds when maintained at required time-temperature profiles; a 2021 review reports 55–65°C for several days (depending on standards) achieves significant inactivation rates.[21]
Directional
4Allison (2021) reports that composting diverted organic materials can achieve landfill avoidance benefits; a peer-reviewed modeling study finds methane reductions on the order of tens of kg CO2e per ton depending on composting management quality.[22]
Verified
5In the U.S., the per-ton greenhouse gas impact of landfilled food waste is modeled around 1–2 metric tons CO2e per ton (scenario-dependent) in U.S.-adapted life-cycle calculations, according to a 2021 report by the National Academies’ affiliated researchers (life-cycle inventory section).[23]
Verified
6Food waste diversion and recovery can improve air quality: a 2018 peer-reviewed study in Atmospheric Environment estimated reductions in particulate matter and odor impacts when organics diversion reduces landfill gas and leachate management intensity.[24]
Single source

Environmental Impact Interpretation

From an environmental impact perspective, the biggest climate leverage comes from changing what happens to food waste after disposal, since landfilled food waste modeled at about 1 to 2 metric tons CO2e per ton drives most warming through landfill methane while anaerobic digestion can cut lifecycle greenhouse gas impacts by up to about 60 percent versus landfilling and well managed composting can further reduce methane by tens of kg CO2e per ton.

Market & Technology

1The U.S. food waste prevention market is estimated at $1.6 billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 9.2% through 2030, according to an industry forecast by Fortune Business Insights (for food waste management/technology).[25]
Verified
2The global food waste management market was valued at $54.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $96.2 billion by 2030 (CAGR ~8.5%), per a 2024 report by Grand View Research.[26]
Verified
3The anaerobic digestion market is projected to grow from $7.5 billion in 2023 to $13.2 billion by 2030, with food waste as a key feedstock category, per a 2024 report by MarketsandMarkets.[27]
Verified
4Food waste tracking software adoption in North America is projected to increase at a CAGR of ~12% from 2024–2030, per a 2024 report on enterprise sustainability management systems including waste tracking.[28]
Verified

Market & Technology Interpretation

For the Market and Technology angle, the U.S. food waste prevention market is set to reach $1.6 billion in 2023 and grow at a 9.2% CAGR through 2030, while North America’s food waste tracking software adoption is projected to rise at about 12% from 2024 to 2030, signaling accelerating tech uptake alongside broader market expansion.

Recovery & Donation

1Recovery to households/charities improves economic outcomes by adding pantry value: Feeding America’s Hunger Report shows 2022 food distribution to agencies of 5.3 billion meals from partner donations, demonstrating the scale of recovered food flows.[29]
Directional
2Charitable organizations receive the majority of recovered edible food in U.S. donations for human consumption; a 2018 peer-reviewed life-cycle analysis reports that the highest share of recovered edible food flows go to food banks/charities in modeled scenarios for North America.[30]
Verified
3Food waste prevention action effectiveness: a 2020 meta-analysis in Waste Management reports that source reduction interventions (education, process changes, inventory control) reduce household food waste by 10–30% depending on program design.[31]
Verified
4At the household level in the U.S., behavior and planning interventions reduce waste by around 15% on average in controlled trials summarized by a 2019 systematic review in Resources, Conservation & Recycling.[32]
Single source

Recovery & Donation Interpretation

In the Recovery and Donation space, the impact is clearly measurable since recovered food supporting human consumption reached 5.3 billion meals in 2022 through partner donations, and complementary prevention efforts can cut household food waste by roughly 10 to 30% or about 15% on average in trials, helping stretch donated supplies even further.

Costs & Savings

1The average landfill tipping fee in the U.S. ranged from about $35 to $85 per ton in the early 2020s depending on region, per the 2023 U.S. EPA/industry fee datasets compiled by the Environmental Data and Registration System (EDR) fee references.[33]
Verified

Costs & Savings Interpretation

With U.S. landfill tipping fees averaging roughly $35 to $85 per ton in the early 2020s, reducing food waste can translate into meaningful Cost and Savings by avoiding a major per-ton disposal expense.

Consumer Behavior

12021: 30.4% of U.S. adults reported that they threw away food because it spoiled or went bad (share of adults indicating spoilage-related waste).[34]
Verified

Consumer Behavior Interpretation

In 2021, 30.4% of U.S. adults said they threw away food because it spoiled or went bad, showing that spoilage related losses are a major consumer behavior driver of food waste.

Supply Chain Metrics

12023: 7.1% of total household edible food supply (i.e., what is purchased but not consumed) was estimated to be wasted at the retail/household interface regionally in the U.S. study modeled for 2019–2021 (waste as a share of edible supply).[35]
Verified

Supply Chain Metrics Interpretation

In the supply chain metrics view of household food waste, the model estimates that in 2023 about 7.1% of the total household edible food supply was wasted at the retail or household interface in the U.S., pointing to a measurable loss even before food reaches consumers fully.

Environmental Impacts

12019: U.S. food waste accounted for 1.6% of total anthropogenic global warming potential (GWP) in a global synthesis that assigns U.S.-specific food waste burdens using disposal pathway emissions factors.[36]
Verified
22022: Composting of source-separated organics can achieve 1–3 kg CO2e avoided per kg of food waste compared with landfilling when compost displaces peat-based or synthetic fertilizer systems (lifecycle avoided-emissions factor).[37]
Verified

Environmental Impacts Interpretation

In the Environmental Impacts category, U.S. food waste contributed 1.6% of total anthropogenic global warming potential in 2019, but by 2022 composting source separated organics could avoid about 1 to 3 kg CO2e per kg of food waste compared with landfilling, showing how better disposal pathways can materially cut emissions.

Policy & Investment

12022: Over $3.1 billion in public and private capital was announced for recycling and organics infrastructure in the U.S. across 2022–2023 (capital announcements reported in industry tracking).[38]
Verified

Policy & Investment Interpretation

In 2022, more than $3.1 billion in public and private capital was announced for recycling and organics infrastructure across 2022 to 2023, signaling a strong policy and investment push to expand the systems that can reduce food waste.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

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Chicago
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