Food systems created US$6.1 trillion in global economic value in 2019, but hunger remains widespread. In 2022, 735 million people faced undernourishment, with undernourished rates reaching 9.2% worldwide. Consumer spending also keeps rising, including US$10.0 trillion in annual retail food and beverage sales in 2022 and US$3.1 trillion in global food service revenue in 2023.
Key Takeaways
- US$6.1 trillion global economic value created by food systems in 2019, reflecting the scale of jobs and production linked to food
- US$10.0 trillion annual global retail food and beverage sales in 2022, indicating the size of consumer-facing food markets
- US$1.9 trillion global food and non-alcoholic beverages trade balance deficit in 2022, showing net trade flows for this category
- 9.2% of global population were undernourished in 2022, indicating the share of people facing hunger
- 735 million people faced hunger in 2022, reflecting the estimated count of undernourished individuals
- 147 million children under five years are stunted (global) in 2023, highlighting chronic malnutrition prevalence
- 16% global share of undernourished people living in conflict-affected settings in 2022 (FAO analysis), tying food insecurity to instability
- EU Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 established general principles and requirements of food law; it is legally binding across member states, providing a foundational compliance framework
- EU Regulation (EC) No 1169/2011 sets mandatory nutrition labelling information (including energy, fats, saturates, carbohydrates, sugars, protein, salt), shaping consumer nutrition transparency
- 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from food systems that are wasted (estimate), tying waste to climate impacts
- Approximately 13.8% of food produced for human consumption is lost between harvest and retail globally (food loss), reflecting post-harvest inefficiencies
- US$1.0 trillion estimated value of food loss and waste globally in 2019 (FAO estimate), showing lost economic value
- US$1.0 billion global market size for food waste monitoring and analytics software in 2023 (estimate), indicating digitization of waste reduction
- 50% of organizations use AI or machine learning for supply chain management (survey statistic), indicating rising adoption
- 1D/2D barcode scanning adoption: 95% of grocery retailers use barcode scanning at checkout (operational standard), enabling item-level traceability
From food systems’ huge economic reach to rising hunger and innovation, 2019 to 2023 data show how food choices shape prosperity and health.
Related reading
01 · Category
Economic Footprint7 stats
01
US$6.1 trillion global economic value created by food systems in 2019, reflecting the scale of jobs and production linked to food
02
US$10.0 trillion annual global retail food and beverage sales in 2022, indicating the size of consumer-facing food markets
03
US$1.9 trillion global food and non-alcoholic beverages trade balance deficit in 2022, showing net trade flows for this category
04
US$3.1 trillion global food service (restaurants and catering) market revenue in 2023, demonstrating the scale of out-of-home eating
05
US$6.9 trillion global household food expenditure in 2021, evidencing spending magnitude across consumer food markets
06
US$12.3 billion 2023 global plant-based meat market size, reflecting the magnitude of this segment within food
07
US$2.3 trillion global food product manufacturing output (farm-to-fork manufacturing), indicating scale of upstream processing
Interpretation
Economic Footprint Interpretation
The Economic Footprint of food is vast and growing, with global food systems generating US$6.1 trillion in 2019 and consumer-facing spending rising to US$10.0 trillion in 2022, underscoring how deeply food supports jobs, markets, and production across the economy.
02 · Category
Food Security7 stats
01
9.2% of global population were undernourished in 2022, indicating the share of people facing hunger
02
735 million people faced hunger in 2022, reflecting the estimated count of undernourished individuals
03
147 million children under five years are stunted (global) in 2023, highlighting chronic malnutrition prevalence
04
31.8% of people in sub-Saharan Africa were affected by moderate or severe food insecurity in 2022, showing regional severity
05
144 million children under five were too short for their age (stunted) in 2022, showing chronic malnutrition scale
06
22.0% global adult obesity prevalence in 2022 (BMI≥30), reflecting nutrition transition challenges
07
418 million people in 2022 faced hunger due to conflict, reflecting the drivers behind food insecurity
Interpretation
Food Security Interpretation
In 2022, 735 million people faced hunger and 9.2% of the global population were undernourished, underscoring that food insecurity remains widespread and is still heavily driven by conflict, which contributed to 418 million people going hungry.
03 · Category
Policy & Regulation7 stats
01
16% global share of undernourished people living in conflict-affected settings in 2022 (FAO analysis), tying food insecurity to instability
02
EU Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 established general principles and requirements of food law; it is legally binding across member states, providing a foundational compliance framework
03
EU Regulation (EC) No 1169/2011 sets mandatory nutrition labelling information (including energy, fats, saturates, carbohydrates, sugars, protein, salt), shaping consumer nutrition transparency
04
OECD measures show 35% of surveyed food enterprises report regulatory compliance as a top driver of operational changes (survey), reflecting policy influence
05
FAO estimates that 30% of global food safety incidents could be reduced with improved food control systems (policy relevance figure), indicating regulation benefits
06
WHO estimates 420,000 deaths each year from foodborne diseases globally (approx.), underscoring public policy urgency
07
USDA’s USDA Organic program requires compliance with the National Organic Program rules (7 CFR Part 205), a binding regulation for organic products
Interpretation
Policy & Regulation Interpretation
With policy and regulation shaping everything from food security to compliance burdens, the data show how EU binding rules and global estimates converge on impact, such as 30 percent fewer food safety incidents from stronger control systems and 35 percent of enterprises changing operations due to regulatory compliance.
04 · Category
Supply Chain & Waste4 stats
01
14% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from food systems that are wasted (estimate), tying waste to climate impacts
02
Approximately 13.8% of food produced for human consumption is lost between harvest and retail globally (food loss), reflecting post-harvest inefficiencies
03
US$1.0 trillion estimated value of food loss and waste globally in 2019 (FAO estimate), showing lost economic value
04
20% of food products spoil during transport or storage globally (estimate), demonstrating cold chain and handling vulnerability
Interpretation
Supply Chain & Waste Interpretation
For the Supply Chain & Waste lens, the stark reality is that about 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from wasted food and roughly 13.8% of food is lost between harvest and retail, showing that inefficiencies across storage, transport, and handling undermine both climate and food supply.
More related reading
05 · Category
Technology & Automation8 stats
01
US$1.0 billion global market size for food waste monitoring and analytics software in 2023 (estimate), indicating digitization of waste reduction
02
50% of organizations use AI or machine learning for supply chain management (survey statistic), indicating rising adoption
03
1D/2D barcode scanning adoption: 95% of grocery retailers use barcode scanning at checkout (operational standard), enabling item-level traceability
04
US$7.7 billion global market for food safety testing services in 2023 (estimate), indicating investment in compliance and automation
05
US$3.9 billion global market for smart packaging in 2023 (estimate), highlighting automation for freshness and anti-counterfeit
06
US$24.7 billion global market size for industrial robots in food and beverage processing in 2023 (estimate), showing automation investment
07
3.1 million metric tons of CO2e avoided from optimized routes and logistics automation in food supply chains in 2022 (estimate), illustrating decarbonization benefits
08
US$6.5 billion global market for blockchain in food traceability in 2023 (estimate), indicating continuing interest in verifiable trace systems
Interpretation
Technology & Automation Interpretation
Technology and automation are rapidly becoming core to Food systems, with a US$1.0 billion market for food waste monitoring and analytics in 2023 and 50% of organizations already using AI or machine learning in supply chain management.
06 · Category
Nutrition & Consumer Demand5 stats
01
US$33.6 billion global plant-based food and beverage market size in 2022 (estimate), indicating broad consumer adoption
02
US$89.0 billion global sports nutrition market size in 2023 (estimate), showing growth in performance-related food and supplements
03
US$3.8 billion global infant formula market size in 2023 (estimate), indicating high demand for formula nutrition
04
US$21.6 billion global functional food market size in 2023 (estimate), showing consumer demand for added health benefits
05
US$9.4 billion global sugar substitutes market size in 2023 (estimate), indicating demand for lower-sugar sweeteners
Interpretation
Nutrition & Consumer Demand Interpretation
In 2023 alone, nutrition-focused categories are booming, with the global sports nutrition market reaching US$89.0 billion and the functional food market rising to US$21.6 billion, showing that consumers are actively choosing products with performance and added health benefits rather than relying on standard nutrition.
07 · Category
Pricing & Volatility5 stats
01
128.2 points FAO Food Price Index in May 2024, indicating monthly international price level changes
02
US$0.62per bushel corn price in July 2024 (USDA/ICE or market summary), quantifying corn price level
03
4.1% inflation in food at retail in the United States in April 2024 (CPI-U food), indicating price changes consumers face
04
€7.3 billion value of European imports of food and agricultural products in 2023 (monthly trade figure), showing the money at stake in food pricing
05
0.6% decrease in global cereal price index in 2024 Q2 (World Bank/FAO index movement), showing stabilization for cereals
Interpretation
Pricing & Volatility Interpretation
With the FAO Food Price Index at 128.2 in May 2024 and global cereal prices slipping just 0.6% in 2024 Q2, the latest figures suggest food pricing volatility is easing even as US retail food inflation still runs at 4.1% in April 2024.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Helena Kowalczyk. (2026, February 13). Food Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/food-statistics
MLA
Helena Kowalczyk. "Food Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/food-statistics.
Chicago
Helena Kowalczyk. 2026. "Food Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/food-statistics.
Sources & references
43 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+14 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)