Key Takeaways
- Worldwide, tobacco use kills more than 8 million people each year, with over 7 million of those deaths from direct tobacco use and around 1.2 million from exposure to second-hand smoke
- In the United States, cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year, including an estimated 41,000 deaths from secondhand smoke exposure
- Smoking causes about 90% of all lung cancer deaths in the US, with 80-90% of lung cancer cases directly attributable to cigarette smoking among both men and women
- In 2020, 22.3% of the world's population aged 15 years and older (1.3 billion people) used tobacco products
- Among US adults, 11.5% (28.3 million) smoked cigarettes in 2021, with rates highest among American Indian/Alaska Native at 23.2%
- Globally, 36.7% of men and 7.8% of women used tobacco in 2020, showing a stark gender disparity
- Worldwide tobacco industry revenue reached $892 billion in 2022
- In the US, smoking-attributable economic costs total $300 billion annually, including $170 billion in healthcare and $156 billion in lost productivity
- Global tobacco production was valued at $49.5 billion in 2021, with China producing 40% of the world's supply
- Global production of tobacco leaf reached 6.4 million metric tons in 2022/23
- Brazil produced 616,000 metric tons of tobacco in 2022, the second-largest producer after China
- China cultivates tobacco on 1.3 million hectares, yielding 2.25 million tons annually
- The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has 182 Parties covering 90% of the world's population
- 74 countries have implemented graphic health warnings covering 50% or more of cigarette packs as of 2023
- US FDA authorized 23 tobacco products for marketing since 2020 but proposed banning menthol cigarettes
Tobacco causes millions of preventable deaths globally through widespread harmful use.
Economic Aspects
- Worldwide tobacco industry revenue reached $892 billion in 2022
- In the US, smoking-attributable economic costs total $300 billion annually, including $170 billion in healthcare and $156 billion in lost productivity
- Global tobacco production was valued at $49.5 billion in 2021, with China producing 40% of the world's supply
- Cigarette excise taxes generate $12.5 billion annually for US state governments
- The economic burden of secondhand smoke in the EU is €18.2 billion yearly, including healthcare and productivity losses
- Tobacco farming employs 40 million people globally, mostly smallholders in developing countries
- US tobacco industry sales revenue was $95.5 billion in 2021, dominated by Philip Morris and Altria
- Globally, tobacco taxes account for 1.2% of GDP in high-income countries but only 0.5% in low-income ones
- Smoking-related illnesses cost the UK NHS £2.6 billion per year
- China Tobacco monopoly profits were 1.3 trillion yuan ($182 billion) in 2022
- Lost productivity from premature tobacco deaths costs $1.4 trillion globally per year
- In India, tobacco kills 1.35 million people yearly, costing 1.7% of GDP or $24 billion
- US cigarette tax revenue per pack averages $1.91 federal + $1.91 state, totaling $14 billion federally
- Tobacco control investments yield $52 return per $1 spent on healthcare savings
- Brazil's tobacco industry contributes 1% to GDP but costs 0.3% in health expenses
- Global illicit tobacco trade is valued at $50 billion annually, 11% of total consumption
- Australia's tobacco excise taxes raised AUD 12.5 billion in 2021-22
- Economic cost of youth smoking in the US is $258 billion over their lifetimes
- Philip Morris International reported $35.2 billion revenue in 2022
- Tobacco growing costs small farmers $1,000 per hectare in health and lost food crop revenue annually
- In Europe, smoking costs €500 billion yearly (1.2% GDP) in healthcare and productivity
- Japan Tobacco Inc. revenue was ¥2.5 trillion ($17 billion) in 2022
Economic Aspects Interpretation
Health Impacts
- Worldwide, tobacco use kills more than 8 million people each year, with over 7 million of those deaths from direct tobacco use and around 1.2 million from exposure to second-hand smoke
- In the United States, cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year, including an estimated 41,000 deaths from secondhand smoke exposure
- Smoking causes about 90% of all lung cancer deaths in the US, with 80-90% of lung cancer cases directly attributable to cigarette smoking among both men and women
- Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, of which at least 70 are known to cause cancer, including arsenic, benzene, and formaldehyde
- Smokeless tobacco products like chewing tobacco and snuff increase the risk of oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers by 50-fold for certain types compared to non-users
- Secondhand smoke exposure causes over 7,300 lung cancer deaths among US adults each year and approximately 34,000 deaths from coronary heart disease annually
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight by 150-200 grams on average and doubles the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- Smoking reduces life expectancy by an average of 10 years for smokers compared to non-smokers, with heavier smokers losing up to 13-14 years
- Tobacco use is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths from cardiovascular disease worldwide, contributing to 17.9 million CVD deaths annually
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by tobacco smoking in 80-90% of cases, leading to over 3 million deaths globally per year
- E-cigarette use among youth is associated with a 2.7 times higher likelihood of cigarette smoking initiation within two years
- Hookah smoking delivers nicotine equivalent to 100 or more cigarettes per session due to longer sessions and deeper inhalation
- Tobacco use increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by 30-40% among smokers compared to non-smokers
- Smokeless tobacco users have a 50 times higher risk of cancers of the cheek and gum compared to non-users
- Bidis and kreteks, types of hand-rolled cigarettes, have higher levels of tar and nicotine, increasing cancer risk by 5 times compared to regular cigarettes
- Smoking during pregnancy increases preterm delivery risk by 20-30%
- Thirdhand smoke residues on surfaces can expose children to nicotine and cancer-causing chemicals for weeks after smoking
- Tobacco smoking weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections like pneumonia by 2-4 times
- Cigar smoking causes oral cancer rates similar to cigarettes, with lifetime risk up to 4-10 times higher for regular users
- Pipe smoking increases lung cancer risk by 5 times and oral cancer by 3-9 times compared to non-smokers
- Dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes results in higher toxin exposure than cigarettes alone, with cotinine levels 1.3 times higher
- Tobacco use contributes to 85% of bladder cancer cases in the US
- Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing agents, leading to leukoplakia in 60-80% of long-term users
- Smoking cessation within 10 years reduces lung cancer mortality by 30-50% compared to continued smoking
- Secondhand smoke increases stroke risk by 20-30% in non-smokers exposed regularly
- Tobacco smoke irritates airways, causing asthma exacerbations in 26% of child asthma cases linked to parental smoking
- Betel quid with tobacco increases oral cancer risk 8-fold
- Heated tobacco products expose users to lower but still significant levels of harmful chemicals like acetaldehyde at 10-20% of cigarette levels
- Smoking accounts for 70% of deaths in people with rheumatoid arthritis who smoke, accelerating disease progression
- Tobacco use doubles the risk of age-related macular degeneration leading to vision loss
Health Impacts Interpretation
Policy and Regulation
- The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has 182 Parties covering 90% of the world's population
- 74 countries have implemented graphic health warnings covering 50% or more of cigarette packs as of 2023
- US FDA authorized 23 tobacco products for marketing since 2020 but proposed banning menthol cigarettes
- Australia was the first country in 2012 to mandate plain packaging for tobacco products
- 42 countries ban tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship comprehensively
- EU Tobacco Products Directive requires 65% health warnings on packs and bans slim cigarettes
- Brazil's National Tobacco Control Program enforces 100% smoke-free indoor public places since 2011
- Global tobacco taxes cover 70% of retail price on average, but only 32% in low-income countries
- New Zealand banned disposable vapes and requires plain packaging from 2025
- India increased tobacco taxes by 15% in 2023, with GST at 28% on cigarettes
- 128 countries have national smoke-free laws covering most public places
- Canada's Bill S-5 regulates vaping products with flavor restrictions and nicotine caps at 20mg/ml
- UK raised minimum legal sale age for tobacco to 14 in 2007, effectively phasing out youth uptake
- Thailand bans e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products since 2014
- US Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 requires $206 billion payments from tobacco companies over 25 years
- France introduced a €0.35/ml excise tax on e-liquids in 2023
- Mexico raised tobacco taxes by 10.5% annually from 2014-2019, reducing consumption 9%
- WHO's MPOWER measures adopted by 84 countries, averting 37 million smokers since 2007
- Singapore bans shisha and chewing tobacco, with fines up to SGD 10,000
- South Africa's Tobacco Products Control Amendment Bill proposes plain packaging and display bans
Policy and Regulation Interpretation
Production and Agriculture
- Global production of tobacco leaf reached 6.4 million metric tons in 2022/23
- Brazil produced 616,000 metric tons of tobacco in 2022, the second-largest producer after China
- China cultivates tobacco on 1.3 million hectares, yielding 2.25 million tons annually
- India is the second-largest exporter with 240,000 tons exported in 2022
- Zimbabwe produces flue-cured tobacco on 140,000 hectares, exporting 95% of its 250,000-ton crop
- Global tobacco leaf prices averaged $4.50 per kg in 2022, up 10% from prior year
- US burley tobacco production was 78 million kg in 2022 from 35,000 hectares
- Turkey produced 80,000 tons of oriental tobacco in 2022, known for high nicotine content
- Malawi's tobacco output hit 160,000 tons in 2022/23, accounting for 50% of GDP
- Bangladesh grows dark air-cured tobacco on 50,000 hectares, producing 70,000 tons yearly
- Top 10 producers account for 85% of global supply, with declining US output at 0.2% share
- Tobacco requires 1,500-2,500 kg of pesticides per hectare annually, highest among crops
- Indonesia produced 190,000 tons of clove cigarettes tobacco (kretek) in 2022
- Argentina's Virginia tobacco harvest was 55,000 tons from 40,000 ha in 2022
- Child labor affects 1.3 million children in tobacco agriculture globally
- Tobacco curing requires 15-20 GJ of energy per ton, mostly wood leading to 200,000 ha deforestation yearly
- Pakistan produces 150,000 tons of flue-cured tobacco on 60,000 hectares annually
- Global tobacco exports totaled 1.3 million tons valued at $10.2 billion in 2022
- Tanzania's tobacco production reached 65,000 tons in 2022, mostly fire-cured
- Tobacco yields average 2 tons per hectare globally, but up to 3.5 t/ha in Brazil with irrigation
- Philippines produces dark Virginia tobacco for cigars, 20,000 tons yearly
- Over 4 million hectares are under tobacco cultivation worldwide
- Greece's tobacco production is 25,000 tons, mainly basma variety for cigarettes
- Tobacco green leaf prices in US flue-cured averaged $2.25/kg in 2022 auctions
- Mozambique exported 100,000 tons of tobacco worth $250 million in 2022
Production and Agriculture Interpretation
Usage and Prevalence
- In 2020, 22.3% of the world's population aged 15 years and older (1.3 billion people) used tobacco products
- Among US adults, 11.5% (28.3 million) smoked cigarettes in 2021, with rates highest among American Indian/Alaska Native at 23.2%
- Globally, 36.7% of men and 7.8% of women used tobacco in 2020, showing a stark gender disparity
- Youth tobacco use in the US: 10% of high school students (1.8 million) currently used any tobacco product in 2022
- In Europe, 26% of adults aged 15+ were daily smokers in 2022, with Greece at 37% and Sweden at 6.2%
- China has 300 million tobacco users, accounting for 42% of the world's cigarettes smoked annually
- In India, 28.6% of adults (267 million) used tobacco in 2016-17, with 10.7% smokeless only and 5% dual use
- US e-cigarette use among high school students dropped to 10% in 2022 from 20% in 2019
- In low-income countries, 15% of women aged 15+ use tobacco, up from previous decades due to industry targeting
- Southeast Asia has the highest tobacco use prevalence at 26.5% among adults in 2020
- Among US youth, flavored e-cigarette use was 81.9% among current users in 2021
- Daily smoking prevalence in Australia fell to 8.3% in 2022, the lowest on record
- In the UK, 12.9% of adults smoked in 2022, with vaping at 9.8% among 16-24 year olds
- Brazil's tobacco use rate among adults is 10.2%, with significant decline due to FCTC implementation
- In Africa, tobacco use prevalence is 10.8% but rising among youth at 3.5% daily smokers aged 13-15
- US cigarette consumption per adult declined to 1,127 packs in 2020 from 2,500 in 1980
- Globally, 82% of the 1.3 billion tobacco users live in low- and middle-income countries
- In Canada, 9.6% of adults aged 15+ smoked cigarettes in 2022, down from 25% in 2001
- Hookah use among US middle school students was 1.9% in 2022
- In Japan, male smoking rate is 25.6% while female is 7.6% in 2022
- Nigeria has 10.6% adult tobacco use, with 1.5% youth prevalence
- In the US, menthol cigarette use is 85% among Black smokers vs 30% overall
- Global smokeless tobacco users number 367 million, mostly in South-East Asia
- In 2019, tobacco smoking prevalence among US pregnant women was 7.2%
- Eastern Mediterranean region has 19.5% tobacco use prevalence in 2020
Usage and Prevalence Interpretation
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