Against a backdrop of geopolitical challenges, Russia's agricultural engine not only hummed but roared in 2022, setting records and achieving startling self-sufficiency as its fields and farms delivered a historic 140-million-ton grain harvest while its citizens consumed more domestic meat, dairy, and produce than ever before.
Key Takeaways
- Russia's wheat production in 2022 totaled 92.8 million metric tons, a 12% increase from 2021 driven by favorable weather conditions
- Barley output in Russia reached 20.6 million metric tons in 2022, up 15% year-over-year due to expanded acreage
- Corn production hit 15.1 million metric tons in 2022, reflecting a 20% growth from improved hybrid seeds
- Pork production in Russia reached 6.2 million tons in 2022, up 5% from capacity growth
- Poultry meat output hit 4.8 million tons in 2022, increasing 6% year-over-year
- Beef production totaled 1.8 million tons in 2022, down 2% due to feed costs
- Total milk processing volume was 28.5 million tons in 2022
- Cheese production hit 720,000 tons in 2022, up 7% from local demand
- Butter output totaled 285,000 tons in 2022, stable market
- Per capita meat consumption was 76 kg in 2022, up 2 kg from 2021
- Per capita milk consumption reached 240 liters in 2022
- Bread consumption averaged 48 kg per capita annually in 2022
- Wheat exports from Russia totaled 42.1 million tons in 2022
- Vegetable oil exports reached 3.8 million tons in 2022, mainly sunflower oil
- Wheat flour exports were 1.2 million tons in 2022
Russia's agricultural and food sectors saw widespread growth and record harvests in 2022.
Crop Production
- Russia's wheat production in 2022 totaled 92.8 million metric tons, a 12% increase from 2021 driven by favorable weather conditions
- Barley output in Russia reached 20.6 million metric tons in 2022, up 15% year-over-year due to expanded acreage
- Corn production hit 15.1 million metric tons in 2022, reflecting a 20% growth from improved hybrid seeds
- Sunflower seed harvest amounted to 16.2 million tons in 2022, boosted by high oil prices
- Potato production in Russia was 23.5 million tons in 2022, down 3% due to drought in key regions
- Sugar beet output reached 45.2 million tons in 2022, increasing 8% from processing capacity expansions
- Rice production totaled 1.1 million tons in 2022, with yields up 5% in southern regions
- Soybean harvest grew to 5.3 million tons in 2022, a 25% rise from new cultivation areas
- Oats production was 6.8 million tons in 2022, stable despite weather challenges
- Rye output stood at 2.9 million tons in 2022, down 10% from reduced demand
- Buckwheat production reached 1.2 million tons in 2022, up 18% due to import substitution efforts
- Rapeseed harvest totaled 2.4 million tons in 2022, increasing 14% for biofuel demand
- Flaxseed production was 0.09 million tons in 2022, with quality improvements noted
- Millet output amounted to 0.7 million tons in 2022, steady production levels
- Total grain production in Russia hit 140.1 million tons in 2022, record high
- Vegetable production reached 14.2 million tons in 2022, up 4% from greenhouse expansions
- Fruit and berry output was 3.8 million tons in 2022, growing 7% in orchards
- Grape production totaled 0.45 million tons in 2022, focused in southern federal district
- Apple harvest was 1.1 million tons in 2022, up 10% from new plantings
- Wheat acreage expanded to 20.3 million hectares in 2022
- Average wheat yield improved to 3.12 tons per hectare in 2022
- Sunflower yield rose to 1.78 tons/ha in 2022
- Corn yield reached 5.6 tons/ha in 2022 from better irrigation
- Potato yield averaged 22.5 tons/ha in 2022
- Sugar beet yield hit 45 tons/ha in 2022
- Soybean yield increased to 1.85 tons/ha in 2022
- Total crop sowing area was 79.5 million ha in 2022
- Grain sowing area expanded to 45.2 million ha in 2022
- Oilseed crops area grew to 18.1 million ha in 2022
- Leguminous crops production totaled 2.5 million tons in 2022
Crop Production Interpretation
Russia's fields are baking a strategic borscht of abundance, where soaring wheat and corn yields whisper of favorable weather and hybrid seeds, while stubborn potatoes and rye remind us that not even a record grain harvest can convince every crop to ignore a drought or a shift in demand.
Domestic Consumption
- Per capita meat consumption was 76 kg in 2022, up 2 kg from 2021
- Per capita milk consumption reached 240 liters in 2022
- Bread consumption averaged 48 kg per capita annually in 2022
- Sugar intake stood at 42 kg per person in 2022, down 1 kg
- Vegetable oil consumption was 18 liters per capita in 2022
- Poultry meat consumption hit 32 kg per capita in 2022
- Fish consumption averaged 22 kg per capita in 2022, up 1 kg
- Dairy product consumption totaled 320 kg per capita in 2022
- Egg consumption was 280 units per capita in 2022
- Fruit consumption reached 85 kg per capita in 2022
- Soft drink consumption grew to 65 liters per capita in 2022
- Beer consumption per capita was 42 liters in 2022
- Food retail turnover reached 22 trillion rubles in 2022, up 12%
- Household food expenditure was 28% of total spending in 2022
- Organic food sales grew 25% to 45 billion rubles in 2022
- Convenience food consumption up 15% in urban areas 2022
- Plant-based meat alternatives sales rose 40% in 2022
- Home delivery food orders increased 30% to 1.2 billion in 2022
- Regional consumption disparity: Moscow 1.5x national average in 2022
- Low-income food spending 45% of budget in 2022
- Nutrition surveys showed 55% met protein needs in 2022
- Caloric intake averaged 3,200 kcal per day in 2022
- Obesity rate in adults 25% in 2022 food surveys
- Functional food consumption up 18% in 2022
- Street food market size 150 billion rubles in 2022
- E-commerce food sales 8% of total retail in 2022
- HoReCa sector food spend 1.8 trillion rubles in 2022
Domestic Consumption Interpretation
In a land where bread and milk are dietary cornerstones, yet obesity and sugar lurk as modern companions, Russia's 2022 food story is one of hearty tradition, sobering trends, and a nation nibbling at the edges of change while still firmly rooted in its calorie-rich table.
Employment and Labor
- Food industry employment totaled 1.8 million workers in 2022, up 2%
Employment and Labor Interpretation
With a modest but meaningful bump of 2%, Russia's food sector now has 1.8 million people proving that keeping the nation fed is serious business, and a serious source of paychecks.
Food Processing
- Total milk processing volume was 28.5 million tons in 2022
- Cheese production hit 720,000 tons in 2022, up 7% from local demand
- Butter output totaled 285,000 tons in 2022, stable market
- Yogurt and fermented milk production reached 2.1 million tons in 2022
- Bread and bakery products output was 6.8 million tons in 2022
- Flour milling capacity produced 12.5 million tons in 2022
- Vegetable oil production totaled 5.9 million tons in 2022, up 10%
- Sugar refining output was 6.2 million tons in 2022
- Confectionery production reached 2.3 million tons in 2022
- Pasta production totaled 1.8 million tons in 2022
- Meat processing volume was 8.5 million tons in 2022
- Sausages output hit 2.4 million tons in 2022
- Canned meat production was 0.35 million tons in 2022
- Baby food production grew to 0.12 million tons in 2022
- Ice cream output reached 0.48 million tons in 2022, up 5%
- Soft drinks production totaled 12.5 billion liters in 2022
- Beer production was 79.2 million hectoliters in 2022, down 2%
- Vodka output stood at 102 million decaliters in 2022
- Food processing enterprises numbered 25,000 in 2022
- Processing industry output index rose 4.2% in 2022 for food sector
- Packaged food sales grew 8% in 2022 value terms
- Frozen food production increased to 1.2 million tons in 2022
- Juice production totaled 1.1 billion liters in 2022
- Margarine output was 0.42 million tons in 2022
- Bakery equipment modernization in 40% of plants by 2022
- Dairy processing plants: 1,200 active in 2022
- Meat processing factories: 850 in 2022
Food Processing Interpretation
In 2022, Russia's food sector presented a paradox of robust, almost defiant, self-sufficiency—churning out enough cheese to exceed local cravings by 7%, fortifying its pantry with mountains of flour, sugar, and vegetable oil, yet still finding room to modestly boost its output of ice cream and frozen peas, all while raising a slightly smaller glass of beer and a steadfastly full one of vodka to toast the 4.2% growth of its 25,000-strong processing army.
International Trade
- Wheat exports from Russia totaled 42.1 million tons in 2022
- Vegetable oil exports reached 3.8 million tons in 2022, mainly sunflower oil
- Wheat flour exports were 1.2 million tons in 2022
- Frozen fish exports totaled 0.65 million tons in 2022
- Dairy exports grew to 0.15 million tons in 2022
- Meat exports reached 0.28 million tons in 2022, poultry dominant
- Sugar exports were 0.45 million tons in 2022
- Beer exports totaled 0.12 million hectoliters in 2022
- Grain imports dropped to 2.5 million tons in 2022
- Palm oil imports were 1.1 million tons in 2022
- Soybean imports totaled 3.2 million tons in 2022
- Food trade balance surplus of 25 billion USD in 2022
- Top wheat export destinations: Egypt 20%, Turkey 15% in 2022
- Sunflower oil export value 4.2 billion USD in 2022
- Poultry meat exports to China 0.1 million tons in 2022
- Fertilizer exports linked to food: 30 million tons in 2022
- EU food imports ban impact reduced to 5% of total imports 2022
- CIS countries 40% of food exports in 2022
- Asia food export share rose to 35% in 2022
- Africa wheat imports from Russia 25% of continent total 2022
- Logistics costs for food exports down 10% in 2022 via Black Sea
- Customs duties on food imports averaged 12% in 2022
- Parallel imports food volume 1.5 billion USD in 2022
- Halal food exports grew 50% to 0.5 billion USD in 2022
- Organic product exports reached 120 million USD in 2022
- Trade agreements boosted food exports by 15% in 2022 EAEU
- Total agri-food exports value 43 billion USD in 2022
- Imports of tropical fruits 0.8 million tons in 2022
International Trade Interpretation
Despite sanctions, Russia's 2022 food trade painted a picture of a pragmatic, sunflower-oil-slicked breadbasket, strategically feeding its allies and its own coffers while quietly importing the soybeans for its chicken and the pineapples for its party.
Livestock Production
- Pork production in Russia reached 6.2 million tons in 2022, up 5% from capacity growth
- Poultry meat output hit 4.8 million tons in 2022, increasing 6% year-over-year
- Beef production totaled 1.8 million tons in 2022, down 2% due to feed costs
- Milk production was 32.1 million tons in 2022, up 1.5% from dairy herd stability
- Egg production reached 3.5 billion units in 2022, growing 3%
- Sheep and goat meat output was 0.18 million tons in 2022, steady levels
- Pig herd size stood at 28.5 million heads in 2022, up 4%
- Poultry flock numbered 550 million birds in 2022
- Cattle herd totaled 17.2 million heads in 2022, down 1%
- Dairy cow population was 8.1 million heads in 2022
- Average milk yield per cow rose to 6,500 liters in 2022
- Pork carcass weight averaged 85 kg in 2022
- Broiler chicken production cycle shortened to 42 days in 2022
- Feed consumption for poultry was 12 million tons in 2022
- Beef cattle slaughterings totaled 2.1 million heads in 2022
- Live pig exports reached 0.15 million tons in 2022
- Antibiotic use in livestock dropped 20% in 2022 per regulations
- Organic livestock farming expanded to 1.2% of total in 2022
- Poultry meat self-sufficiency rate hit 105% in 2022
- Pork self-sufficiency reached 102% in 2022
- Milk processing capacity utilized at 85% in 2022
- Egg processing plants numbered 250 in 2022
- Livestock biogas plants increased to 45 in 2022
- Total meat production was 13.2 million tons in 2022, up 4%
- Fish catch volume reached 5.1 million tons in 2022
- Aquaculture production grew to 0.45 million tons in 2022
Livestock Production Interpretation
Russia's agricultural sector is cautiously strutting forward, with poultry and pork confidently strutting past self-sufficiency while beef stumbles on costly feed, all under the watchful eye of slightly greener regulations.
Sources & References
- Reference 1FASfas.usda.govVisit source
- Reference 2FAOfao.orgVisit source
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- Reference 5ERSers.usda.govVisit source
- Reference 6ROSSTATrosstat.gov.ruVisit source
- Reference 7AGROINVESTORagroinvestor.ruVisit source
- Reference 8RBCrbc.ruVisit source