Native American poverty affects American Indians and Alaska Natives across the U.S., and hardship is often most intense on tribal lands. In 2022, AIAN unemployment reached 11.6%, double the national 3.6%. Poverty is tied to basic needs and opportunity gaps, including food insecurity (25% vs 10% nationally in 2022) and housing problems such as limited plumbing on reservations. You’ll see how these pressures vary by state and tribe—and what conditions keep poverty persistent.
Key Takeaways
- AIAN food insecurity rate 25% vs 10% U.S. in 2022
- 35% AIAN children face food insecurity annually 2021
- SNAP participation 28% AIAN households vs 12% national 2020
- 28% of AIAN households lack adequate housing, overcrowded or substandard
- 40% homeownership rate for AIAN vs 65% U.S. in 2022
- On reservations, 25% homes without complete plumbing in 2019
- Median household income for AIAN was $49,073 in 2022, 30% below U.S. $74,580
- AIAN per capita income $15,225 vs U.S. $41,261 in 2021
- On reservations, median income $36,000 in 2019
- In 2022, the poverty rate for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) was 25.4%, compared to 11.5% for the overall U.S. population
- On reservations, 42% of AIAN individuals lived below the poverty line in 2019
- In South Dakota, 47.1% of AIAN residents were in poverty in 2021, highest state rate
- AIAN unemployment rate 11.6% in 2022, double the national 3.6%
- Reservation unemployment averaged 20-50% across tribes in 2021
- South Dakota AIAN unemployment 12.4% in 2022
American Indians and Alaska Natives face far higher poverty and basic needs insecurity, including high food insecurity, unemployment, and housing gaps.
Related reading
01 · Category
Health, Education, And Welfare Dependency19 stats
01
AIAN food insecurity rate 25% vs 10% U.S. in 2022
02
35% AIAN children face food insecurity annually 2021
03
SNAP participation 28% AIAN households vs 12% national 2020
04
AIAN high school dropout rate 9.5% vs 5.2% U.S. 2022
05
Diabetes prevalence 13.6% AIAN adults vs 9.1% U.S. 2021
06
TANF dependency 15% AIAN families in 2022
07
AIAN college attainment 17% bachelor's vs 38% U.S. 2021
08
Life expectancy on reservations 5-7 years below U.S. avg 73.7 in 2020
09
40% AIAN lack health insurance in some rural areas 2019
10
Suicide rate AIAN youth 3.5x national average 2022
11
AIAN adult obesity 37% vs 30% U.S. 2021
12
Head Start enrollment 20% AIAN children eligible but underserved 2020
13
IHS funding per capita $4,078vs Medicare $13,000 in 2022
14
AIAN opioid overdose death rate 42.6 per 100k vs 21 U.S. 2021
15
25% AIAN households energy poverty, spending >10% on utilities 2019
16
BIE schools graduation rate 73% vs 86% national 2022
17
COVID-19 mortality AIAN 2x expected rate in 2021
18
30% AIAN adults depression rates vs 18% U.S. 2020
19
Welfare receipt 32% AIAN vs 14% U.S. households 2019
Interpretation
Health, Education, And Welfare Dependency Interpretation
In the Health, Education, And Welfare Dependency category, Native Americans face sharply higher supports and health burdens than the national average, with AIAN households showing SNAP use at 28% versus 12% nationwide in 2020 and diabetes affecting 13.6% of AIAN adults compared with 9.1% in 2021.
02 · Category
Housing And Living Conditions22 stats
01
28% of AIAN households lack adequate housing, overcrowded or substandard
02
40% homeownership rate for AIAN vs 65% U.S. in 2022
03
On reservations, 25% homes without complete plumbing in 2019
04
Navajo Nation 18,000 homes need replacement, 30% without water in 2021
05
Homelessness among AIAN 2.5x national rate, 1.4% of homeless pop in 2022
06
South Dakota reservations 35% substandard housing in 2020
07
AIAN overcrowding rate 14% households (1+ person/room) in 2018
08
15% AIAN homes lack kitchen facilities in rural areas 2021
09
New Mexico AIAN 22% housing cost burden >50% income in 2022
10
Reservation mobile homes 50% of housing stock, prone to damage, 2019
11
AIAN eviction rates 1.5x higher in urban areas 2020
12
Montana AIAN 28% inadequate housing 2021
13
10% AIAN homeless youth nationally in 2022
14
Arizona AIAN housing shortage 40,000 units in 2019
15
33% AIAN rent burden severe (>50% income) vs 12% U.S. 2021
16
Alaska Native villages 20% homes condemned or unsafe 2020
17
Oklahoma AIAN 18% overcrowding in tribal areas 2022
18
North Dakota reservations 30% homes need major repairs 2018
19
Washington AIAN 25% housing units pre-1940 substandard 2021
20
45% Pine Ridge homes lack basic utilities 2021
21
California AIAN urban housing cost 60% median income 2022
22
Michigan AIAN 20% homelessness risk due to poverty 2020
Interpretation
Housing And Living Conditions Interpretation
Across Housing And Living Conditions, Native American communities face stark housing insecurity, including 28% of AIAN households lacking adequate or nonstandard housing and a major gap in homeownership at 40% versus 65% nationwide in 2022.
03 · Category
Income And Earnings25 stats
01
Median household income for AIAN was $49,073in 2022, 30% below U.S. $74,580
02
AIAN per capita income $15,225vs U.S. $41,261 in 2021
03
On reservations, median income $36,000in 2019
04
Navajo Nation median household income $31,000in 2020
05
AIAN full-time workers median earnings $40,500vs $55,000 U.S. in 2022
06
Female AIAN median income $38,200,18% wage gap with males $46,600 in 2021
07
AIAN in South Dakota median income $42,100in 2022
08
Reservation households median $29,500vs off-res $55,000 in 2018
09
AIAN elders median income $28,000annually in 2020
10
New Mexico AIAN median household $48,300in 2022
11
AIAN bachelor's degree holders earn $62,000median vs $45,000 no degree in 2021
12
Alaska Native median income $52,400higher than continental AIAN $44,100 in 2019
13
AIAN self-employment income averages $25,000yearly in 2022
14
Montana AIAN median $41,200household income 2021
15
35% of AIAN households earn under $25,000 annually in 2020
16
Arizona AIAN median income $45,600in 2022
17
AIAN veterans median income $50,100vs non-vet $43,200 in 2019
18
Oklahoma AIAN median household $47,800in 2021
19
Rural AIAN median income $38,900vs urban $51,200 in 2022
20
North Dakota AIAN median $44,500in 2020
21
AIAN families with children median $52,300in 2021
22
Washington AIAN median income $49,100household 2022
23
22% of AIAN income from public assistance in 2019
24
California AIAN median $51,400in 2021
25
Michigan AIAN median household $46,700in 2022
Interpretation
Income And Earnings Interpretation
In the Income and Earnings picture, AIAN communities face major income gaps with the U.S., such as a median household income of $49,073 in 2022 that is about 30% lower than $74,580 and per capita income of $15,225 in 2021 versus $41,261.
More related reading
04 · Category
Poverty Rates And Demographics30 stats
01
In 2022, the poverty rate for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) was 25.4%, compared to 11.5% for the overall U.S. population
02
On reservations, 42% of AIAN individuals lived below the poverty line in 2019
03
In South Dakota, 47.1% of AIAN residents were in poverty in 2021, highest state rate
04
New Mexico had 38.2% AIAN poverty rate in 2022
05
AIAN child poverty rate reached 32.8% in 2021
06
50% of Navajo Nation residents lived in poverty in 2020
07
In 2018, 26.9% of AIAN families had income below poverty threshold
08
Alaska Natives had 23.6% poverty rate vs 10.2% non-Hispanic whites in 2019
09
34% of AIAN in rural areas below poverty in 2022
10
Pine Ridge Reservation poverty rate at 63% in 2021 estimates
11
AIAN female poverty rate 27.1% vs 24.3% males in 2020
12
In Montana, 41.2% AIAN poverty in 2022
13
29% of AIAN households in deep poverty (<50% threshold) in 2019
14
Oklahoma AIAN poverty 24.5% in 2021
15
AIAN elderly poverty rate 20.1% in 2022
16
55% poverty on some Plains reservations like Cheyenne River in 2020
17
AIAN poverty rate in urban areas 22.3% vs 45% rural/reservation in 2018
18
Arizona AIAN poverty 33.4% in 2022
19
28.5% of AIAN under 18 in poverty in 2021
20
Washington state AIAN poverty 30.1% in 2020
21
AIAN poverty gap averaged $12,500per person in 2019
22
40% of Standing Rock Sioux in poverty 2021
23
North Dakota AIAN poverty 36.7% in 2022
24
AIAN multigenerational poverty households 15% higher than average
25
Utah AIAN poverty 27.8% in 2021
26
48% poverty rate on Hopi Reservation in 2019
27
AIAN poverty rate declined 2% from 2019-2022 but still 2x national avg
28
Idaho AIAN poverty 31.4% in 2022
29
25.8% AIAN poverty in California 2021
30
Michigan AIAN poverty 28.2% in 2020
Interpretation
Poverty Rates And Demographics Interpretation
Within Poverty Rates And Demographics, Native American communities face dramatically higher poverty levels than the U.S. overall, with AIAN poverty at 25.4% in 2022 versus 11.5% nationwide and as high as 42% on reservations in 2019 and 50% on the Navajo Nation in 2020.
report visual · Projection
AIAN Poverty Rate Trend (Below Poverty Level)
Poverty increased after 2018 and peaked in 2022—American Indians and Alaska Natives had the highest share below the poverty level in 2022, rising above the 2019–2021 levels (leader
29.1 Percent below poverty level
Start
+1.59%
CAGR · 4y
31 Percent below poverty level
Projected
20182022
source-verifiedcensus.gov2022
05 · Category
Unemployment And Employment21 stats
01
AIAN unemployment rate 11.6% in 2022, double the national 3.6%
02
Reservation unemployment averaged 20-50% across tribes in 2021
03
South Dakota AIAN unemployment 12.4% in 2022
04
Navajo Nation unemployment 45% in 2020
05
AIAN youth (16-24) unemployment 24.3% in 2019
06
New Mexico AIAN unemployment 10.8% in 2022
07
Long-term unemployment for AIAN 35% of total unemployed in 2021
08
Montana AIAN unemployment 9.5% in 2022
09
AIAN women unemployment 10.2% vs men 12.9% in 2020
10
Arizona AIAN unemployment 8.7% in 2022
11
Underemployment rate for AIAN 20.1% including part-time for economic reasons 2021
12
Alaska Native unemployment 11.2% in 2022
13
Oklahoma AIAN unemployment 7.3% in 2021
14
Seasonal unemployment on reservations peaks at 60% in winter 2019
15
North Dakota AIAN unemployment 8.9% in 2022
16
AIAN labor force participation 60.2% vs U.S. 62.3% in 2022
17
Washington AIAN unemployment 9.1% in 2021
18
40% of AIAN reservations have unemployment over 30% chronically
19
California AIAN unemployment 10.5% in 2022
20
Michigan AIAN unemployment 9.8% in 2020
21
AIAN discouraged workers rate 2.5x national average in 2021
Interpretation
Unemployment And Employment Interpretation
In the Unemployment and Employment picture, AIAN unemployment reached 11.6% in 2022 versus the national 3.6%, and it rises far higher in some communities such as the Navajo Nation at 45% in 2020 and reservation areas averaging 20 to 50% in 2021.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Julian Richter. (2026, February 13). Native American Poverty Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/native-american-poverty-statistics
MLA
Julian Richter. "Native American Poverty Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/native-american-poverty-statistics.
Chicago
Julian Richter. 2026. "Native American Poverty Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/native-american-poverty-statistics.