Key Takeaways
- In 2023, the U.S. multifamily housing market reached a total inventory of 45.2 million units, marking a 2.1% increase from 2022.
- The multifamily sector accounted for 18% of all U.S. rental housing stock as of Q4 2023.
- Global multifamily investment volume hit $145 billion in 2022, with the U.S. representing 60% of that total.
- U.S. multifamily vacancy rate stabilized at 6.8% in Q4 2023 after peaking at 7.5% earlier.
- National multifamily occupancy rate reached 94.2% in December 2023.
- Sun Belt markets like Atlanta saw occupancy rates climb to 95.1% in 2023.
- National average multifamily rent grew 3.2% year-over-year in Q4 2023.
- Median U.S. multifamily asking rent reached $1,682 per month in December 2023.
- Phoenix saw 5.1% rent growth for Class B properties in 2023.
- Multifamily housing starts totaled 510,000 units in 2023, up 15% from 2022.
- Under-construction multifamily inventory peaked at 800,000 units in Q2 2023.
- Permits for multifamily buildings issued: 450,000 units in top metros 2023.
- Institutional multifamily investment reached $85 billion in 2023.
- Average multifamily cap rate compressed to 5.1% in gateway cities 2023.
- Debt financing for multifamily deals totaled $200 billion in 2023.
The multifamily apartment sector remained resilient despite record new construction and shifting economic conditions in 2023.
Construction & Development
- Multifamily housing starts totaled 510,000 units in 2023, up 15% from 2022.
- Under-construction multifamily inventory peaked at 800,000 units in Q2 2023.
- Permits for multifamily buildings issued: 450,000 units in top metros 2023.
- Southeast led with 30% of national multifamily deliveries in 2023.
- Absorption of new multifamily supply averaged 85% within 12 months in 2023.
- Total multifamily units completed: 440,000 in Sun Belt states alone 2023.
- Adaptive reuse projects added 25,000 multifamily units in urban areas 2023.
- High-rise multifamily construction costs rose 7% to $450/sq ft in 2023.
- Groundbreaking for affordable multifamily dropped 10% to 120,000 units 2023.
- 2024 projected deliveries: 400,000 units amid rising interest rates.
- Multifamily deliveries totaled 510,000 units, with 60% in South region 2023.
- Construction pipeline shrank 20% to 700,000 units by Q4 2023.
- Modular construction accounted for 5% of new multifamily starts 2023.
- Boston high-rise deliveries added 8,000 units in 2023 urban core.
- Entitlement delays averaged 18 months for multifamily projects 2023.
- Green building certifications (LEED) on 25% of new multifamily 2023.
- Total multifamily spending on construction hit $120 billion in 2023.
- Historic conversions delivered 15,000 multifamily units nationwide 2023.
- Pacific Northwest permits issued for 50,000 units in 2023.
- Single-family rentals converting to multifamily at 2% rate 2023.
- Total multifamily under construction fell to 750,000 units Q4 2023.
- Charlotte deliveries: 12,000 units, 90% absorbed within 6 months 2023.
- Labor shortages delayed 15% of multifamily projects by 3+ months 2023.
- Mass timber used in 10% of mid-rise multifamily builds 2023.
- DC area permits for 15,000 units amid zoning reforms 2023.
- Cost per unit for garden apartments: $180,000 average 2023.
- Student housing starts: 45,000 beds nationwide in 2023.
- Net new supply absorption rate: 350,000 units annually 2023.
- Houston pipeline: 50,000 units, highest per capita in US 2023.
- Tax credit financed 150,000 LIHTC multifamily units 2023.
Construction & Development Interpretation
Investment & Finance
- Institutional multifamily investment reached $85 billion in 2023.
- Average multifamily cap rate compressed to 5.1% in gateway cities 2023.
- Debt financing for multifamily deals totaled $200 billion in 2023.
- REIT multifamily portfolios valued at $300 billion market cap end-2023.
- Sales volume for multifamily properties fell 40% to $120 billion in 2023.
- IRR for core multifamily investments averaged 7.2% over 5 years to 2023.
- Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac backed 60% of multifamily mortgages in 2023.
- Value-add multifamily returns hit 12.5% amid renovations boom 2023.
- Foreign investment in U.S. multifamily declined to 5% of total volume 2023.
- Multifamily loan originations dropped 25% to $150 billion in 2023.
- Private equity dry powder for multifamily: $50 billion available 2023.
- Distress sales in multifamily rose to 10% of transactions in 2023.
- Core multifamily debt yields averaged 6.8% for floating-rate loans 2023.
- Pension fund allocation to multifamily increased to 12% of portfolios 2023.
- Bridge loan multifamily volume: $40 billion amid rate hikes 2023.
- Multifamily EBITDA margins averaged 55% for top operators 2023.
- CMBS multifamily exposure totaled $75 billion outstanding 2023.
- Opportunistic multifamily funds raised $20 billion in capital 2023.
- Leverage ratios for multifamily acquisitions averaged 65% LTV 2023.
- Multifamily transaction volume: $110 billion, down 45% YoY 2023.
- Agency multifamily debt spreads widened to 140 bps in 2023.
- Recapitalizations of existing multifamily loans: $30 billion 2023.
- Yield on cost for new developments averaged 6.2% in 2023.
- Insurance premium hikes: 20% for coastal multifamily 2023.
- Mezzanine debt for multifamily: $15 billion originated 2023.
- NAV growth for multifamily REITs: 2.5% despite rates 2023.
- Foreclosure rates on multifamily loans: 0.3% nationally 2023.
- GP/LP splits averaged 80/20 for new multifamily funds 2023.
- Exit cap rates expanded to 5.6% for stabilized assets 2023.
Investment & Finance Interpretation
Market Overview
- In 2023, the U.S. multifamily housing market reached a total inventory of 45.2 million units, marking a 2.1% increase from 2022.
- The multifamily sector accounted for 18% of all U.S. rental housing stock as of Q4 2023.
- Global multifamily investment volume hit $145 billion in 2022, with the U.S. representing 60% of that total.
- U.S. multifamily completions reached 485,000 units in 2023, the highest annual total since 1970.
- The average age of U.S. multifamily properties is 28 years, with 40% built before 1980.
- Multifamily housing starts surged 25% year-over-year to 450,000 units in Q3 2023.
- The U.S. multifamily market cap rate averaged 5.4% in 2023 across major metros.
- Institutional ownership of multifamily assets grew to 15% of total inventory by 2023.
- Multifamily represented 35% of new commercial real estate investment in 2022.
- The U.S. multifamily sector saw net absorption of 320,000 units in 2023.
- Multifamily properties comprised 22 million Class B/C units in 2023 inventory.
- Pandemic-driven demand boosted multifamily starts by 50% from 2019 levels by 2023.
- Share of multifamily in total housing completions was 28% in 2023.
- ESG-compliant multifamily assets grew 15% in portfolio share to 2023.
- Tech-integrated smart apartments represented 12% of new builds in 2023.
- U.S. multifamily market generated $450 billion in annual rental revenue 2023.
- Institutional investors controlled 20% of Class A multifamily stock 2023.
- Remote work shifted 15% of demand to suburban multifamily 2023.
- Proptech investments in multifamily totaled $8 billion in 2023.
- Hurricane recovery added 10,000 temporary multifamily units 2023.
- Pet-friendly multifamily units comprised 85% of new inventory 2023.
- Amenities spending per unit rose to $2,500 annually in 2023.
- EV charging stations in 40% of new multifamily garages 2023.
Market Overview Interpretation
Occupancy & Vacancy
- U.S. multifamily vacancy rate stabilized at 6.8% in Q4 2023 after peaking at 7.5% earlier.
- National multifamily occupancy rate reached 94.2% in December 2023.
- Sun Belt markets like Atlanta saw occupancy rates climb to 95.1% in 2023.
- Class A multifamily properties maintained 96.5% occupancy in top 50 metros Q3 2023.
- Physical vacancy for garden-style apartments averaged 5.9% nationwide in 2023.
- Midwest multifamily markets experienced the lowest vacancy at 5.2% in Q4 2023.
- Post-pandemic, multifamily economic occupancy recovered to 93.8% by end-2023.
- Luxury segment vacancy dipped to 4.8% in coastal gateways in 2023.
- Suburban multifamily occupancy outperformed urban by 1.2 percentage points in 2023.
- Asking vacancy for new deliveries averaged 12% in first year post-completion 2023.
- Texas multifamily markets held steady at 92.5% occupancy amid supply wave 2023.
- Hurricane-impacted Florida markets still held 93% occupancy in 2023.
- Oversupply pushed Austin vacancy to 10.2% peak in Q3 2023.
- Senior housing multifamily vacancy stabilized at 8.5% nationally 2023.
- Student housing segment occupancy rebounded to 95.8% post-COVID 2023.
- Economic vacancy including concessions averaged 7.1% in 2023.
- Inland Empire, CA, saw vacancy drop from 6% to 4.5% in 2023.
- Military housing multifamily maintained 98% occupancy in 2023 bases.
- Workforce housing vacancy averaged 6.2% in 50 major metros 2023.
- Seattle multifamily occupancy hit 97% despite tech layoffs 2023.
- Nashville vacancy held at 4.9% despite 20,000 deliveries 2023.
- Affordable multifamily vacancy at 7.8% vs market 6.5% in 2023.
- Phoenix economic occupancy recovered to 94% after supply peak 2023.
- Class B/C occupancy outperformed Class A by 0.8 points in 2023.
- Las Vegas vacancy climbed to 8.1% with convention demand lag 2023.
- Overall portfolio occupancy for top 50 managers: 95.3% 2023.
- Urban core vacancy stabilized at 9.2% post-migration 2023.
- Midwest rust belt markets at 93.8% occupancy average 2023.
- Portland, OR vacancy at 6.7% with wildfire displacement impact 2023.
Occupancy & Vacancy Interpretation
Rents & Pricing
- National average multifamily rent grew 3.2% year-over-year in Q4 2023.
- Median U.S. multifamily asking rent reached $1,682 per month in December 2023.
- Phoenix saw 5.1% rent growth for Class B properties in 2023.
- Effective rent per unit increased 2.8% nationally, adjusted for concessions Q3 2023.
- New York metro average rent hit $4,100 for luxury units in 2023.
- Rent-to-income ratio for multifamily tenants averaged 28.5% in 2023.
- Class C rents rose 4.2% in secondary markets like Indianapolis 2023.
- Concession rates peaked at 15% of gross rent in oversupplied markets 2023.
- Asking rents for 1-bedroom units averaged $1,500 nationally in Q4 2023.
- Rent growth slowed to 1.9% in top 100 metros by year-end 2023.
- 2-bedroom unit rents surged 4.5% nationally to $1,950 average 2023.
- Rent control impacted 15% of multifamily units in regulated markets 2023.
- Same-store NOI growth for multifamily portfolios was 4.1% in 2023.
- Miami luxury rents exceeded $3,500/month average in 2023.
- Rent delinquency rates fell to 1.8% for multifamily in Q4 2023.
- Affordable housing rents capped at 30% AMI averaged $1,100 in 2023.
- Concessions equivalent to 8 weeks free rent in high-supply areas 2023.
- Studio apartment rents grew slowest at 2.1% YoY to $1,450 in 2023.
- Denver saw negative rent growth of -0.5% amid supply glut 2023.
- Atlanta 1-bedroom rents up 6.2% to $1,720 in 2023.
- Same-store rent growth for REITs averaged 3.8% in 2023.
- San Francisco rents declined 2.1% to $2,950 amid exodus 2023.
- Free rent concessions averaged 6 weeks in Southeast markets 2023.
- Rent growth in Midwest outpaced coasts at 4.5% average 2023.
- Luxury penetration reached 25% of inventory with $3,000+ rents 2023.
- Eviction moratorium lift led to 2.5% rent adjustment nationwide 2023.
- 3-bedroom family units rents +3.9% to $2,400 national avg 2023.
- Chicago regulated rents grew only 1.2% under caps 2023.
- Orlando short-term rental conversions impacted long-term by 5% 2023.
Rents & Pricing Interpretation
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