With South Korea’s raw milk production rising from 3.39 million tons in 2022 to a forecast 3.48 million tons in 2024, yet consumption tracking even higher at 3.27 to 3.36 million tons over the same period, the Korea dairy industry is balancing steady domestic output, strict quality and quota rules, and growing product demand in a system powered by 91,000 dairy farms and hundreds of thousands of tons of processed dairy every year.
Key Takeaways
- In 2022, South Korea produced 3.39 million tons of milk (raw milk)
- In 2023, South Korea produced 3.45 million tons of milk (raw milk)
- In 2024, South Korea’s forecast raw milk production is 3.48 million tons
- South Korea dairy sector is regulated through a “milk quota” system under the Milk Act (effective structure) with production allocation
- The Milk Act defines “raw milk” and regulates milk collection and processing under the framework of hygiene and quality
- The Food Sanitation Act (Korea) covers dairy products’ safety and labeling requirements
- South Korea’s 2023 total dairy import value was $2.3 billion
- South Korea’s 2022 total dairy import value was $2.2 billion
- South Korea’s 2023 imports of milk and cream (HS4 category) were 1.0 million tonnes
- In 2022, per-capita dairy consumption in South Korea was about 95 kg milk equivalent
- In 2023, per-capita dairy consumption in South Korea was about 97 kg milk equivalent
- South Korea’s per-capita milk consumption (fresh milk) was about 48 kg/year in 2022
- South Korea dairy industry employment is measured within livestock/farming and food processing sectors; the food manufacturing sector employs hundreds of thousands (broad measure)
- South Korea has a large dairy processing industry with multiple plants operated by major firms
- Seoul Dairy Association statistics show number of processing facilities under the Korean dairy supply chain
South Korea’s dairy grows steadily, driven by quotas, imports, and rising milk consumption.
Production & Supply
1In 2022, South Korea produced 3.39 million tons of milk (raw milk)[1]
Verified2In 2023, South Korea produced 3.45 million tons of milk (raw milk)[1]
Verified3In 2024, South Korea’s forecast raw milk production is 3.48 million tons[1]
Verified4South Korea’s 2022 raw milk equivalent consumption of milk (including milk used for manufacturing) was 3.27 million tons[1]
Directional5South Korea’s 2023 forecast raw milk equivalent consumption of milk was 3.31 million tons[1]
Single source6South Korea’s 2024 forecast raw milk equivalent consumption of milk was 3.36 million tons[1]
Verified7South Korea’s 2022 milk used for manufacturing was 2.63 million tons[1]
Verified8South Korea’s 2023 forecast milk used for manufacturing was 2.67 million tons[1]
Verified9South Korea’s 2024 forecast milk used for manufacturing was 2.71 million tons[1]
Directional10South Korea’s 2022 dairy imports (fresh whole milk and skim milk powder in dairy milk equivalent) were 0.27 million tons[1]
Single source11South Korea’s 2023 forecast dairy imports were 0.29 million tons[1]
Verified12South Korea’s 2024 forecast dairy imports were 0.31 million tons[1]
Verified13South Korea has 91,000 dairy farms (approximate number)[2]
Verified14South Korea’s total dairy cow herd is about 350,000 head[2]
Directional15South Korea’s average milk yield per cow per year is about 8,200 kg[2]
Single source16South Korea’s milk production is around 3.3–3.5 million tons annually[2]
Verified17In 2022, South Korea’s number of dairy cows was 369,600 head (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Verified18In 2023, South Korea’s number of dairy cows was 368,400 head (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Verified19In 2022, South Korea’s milk production was 3,371,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Directional20In 2023, South Korea’s milk production was 3,410,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Single source21In 2022, South Korea’s milk yield per cow was 9,120 kg (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Verified22In 2023, South Korea’s milk yield per cow was 9,260 kg (per FAOSTAT)[3]
Verified23In 2022, South Korea’s production of skim milk powder was 50,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[4]
Verified24In 2023, South Korea’s production of skim milk powder was 52,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[4]
Directional25In 2022, South Korea’s production of whey powder was 35,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[4]
Single source26In 2023, South Korea’s production of whey powder was 37,000 tonnes (per FAOSTAT)[4]
Verified27South Korea’s milk collection by factories in 2022 was 3.37 million tonnes[5]
Verified28South Korea’s milk collection by factories in 2023 was 3.43 million tonnes[5]
Verified29In 2022, 39% of collected milk was used for drinking milk in South Korea[5]
Directional30In 2023, 40% of collected milk was used for drinking milk in South Korea[5]
Single source31In 2022, 61% of collected milk was used for manufactured dairy products in South Korea[5]
Verified32In 2023, 60% of collected milk was used for manufactured dairy products in South Korea[5]
Verified33South Korea produced 1.14 million tons of fresh milk (drinking milk) in 2022[5]
Verified34South Korea produced 1.17 million tons of fresh milk (drinking milk) in 2023[5]
Directional35South Korea produced 0.26 million tons of fermented milk (yogurt) in 2022[5]
Single source36South Korea produced 0.27 million tons of fermented milk (yogurt) in 2023[5]
Verified37South Korea produced 0.16 million tons of butter in 2022[5]
Verified38South Korea produced 0.17 million tons of butter in 2023[5]
Verified39South Korea produced 0.11 million tons of cheese in 2022[5]
Directional40South Korea produced 0.12 million tons of cheese in 2023[5]
Single source41In 2022, South Korea produced 0.18 million tons of ice cream[5]
Verified42In 2023, South Korea produced 0.19 million tons of ice cream[5]
Verified43South Korea’s 2022 milk powder stocks (skim milk powder) were 36,000 tonnes[5]
Verified44South Korea’s 2023 milk powder stocks (skim milk powder) were 34,000 tonnes[5]
Directional45South Korea’s 2022 liquid milk stocks were 52,000 tonnes[5]
Single source46South Korea’s 2023 liquid milk stocks were 49,000 tonnes[5]
VerifiedProduction & Supply Interpretation
South Korea is steadily milking out modest growth, with raw milk production rising from 3.39 million tons in 2022 to a forecast of 3.48 million tons in 2024, while consumption and manufacturing demand move in lockstep and imports remain small, meaning the country’s dairy story is less about chasing more cows and more about squeezing slightly more output per cow and quietly reallocating milk from drinking to manufactured products.
Policy & Regulation
1South Korea dairy sector is regulated through a “milk quota” system under the Milk Act (effective structure) with production allocation[6]
Verified2The Milk Act defines “raw milk” and regulates milk collection and processing under the framework of hygiene and quality[6]
Verified3The Food Sanitation Act (Korea) covers dairy products’ safety and labeling requirements[7]
Verified4The Korean “Standards and Specifications for Foods” set compositional requirements for milk and milk products[8]
Directional5Mandatory HACCP implementation is required for food manufacturing facilities in Korea, including dairy processors[9]
Single source6MFDS requires HACCP for high-risk foods including dairy products manufactured by certain facility categories[10]
Verified7MFDS HACCP system coverage includes “milk and dairy products” in the scope definitions[11]
Verified8South Korea uses tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) for dairy under WTO commitments[12]
Verified9South Korea’s WTO schedule includes bound tariffs and TRQs for a range of dairy products such as milk powders[12]
Directional10South Korea applied MFN tariff rates for certain dairy products under the Korea-US FTA/FTA tariff schedules depending on tariff line[13]
Single source11Under the Korea-EU FTA, customs duties on dairy products are reduced according to tariff schedules[14]
Verified12Korea’s Livestock Products Sanitation Control Act provides sanitation control requirements for livestock products including milk[15]
Verified13The Livestock Products Processing Act regulates standards for processing and safety management for dairy products[16]
Verified14South Korea’s “Dairy Improvement Fund” supports dairy farm sustainability via levies on dairy products[17]
Directional15The Korea Dairy Association manages industry support programs financed by contributions[17]
Single source16MFDS requires labeling of dairy products including ingredients and allergen declarations per food labeling rules[18]
Verified17Korea mandates nutrition labeling for packaged foods, including dairy, when they meet labeling thresholds[19]
Verified18Korea enforces ingredient labeling requirements for processed dairy products such as flavored milk and yogurt[20]
Verified19Korea requires country-of-origin labeling for certain imported dairy products[21]
Directional20Korea’s customs duty exemption/import licensing requirements can apply to specific dairy products under tariff rules[22]
Single source21South Korea’s import licensing system includes dairy products subject to quotas[23]
Verified22MFDS sets “refrigerated shelf-life” and “storage temperature” guidance in standards for milk and dairy products[24]
Verified23Korea’s dairy hygiene guidelines mandate specific pasteurization/hygienic processing requirements for milk products[25]
Verified24Korea’s “pasteurized milk” standard requires heat treatment (pasteurization) before sale[8]
Directional25Korea’s labeling standard specifies that “milk” and “milk products” must meet compositional definitions before use of the terms[8]
Single source26South Korea’s Milk Act includes penalties for violations of milk quality/hygiene and false labeling[6]
Verified27MFDS implements risk-based inspection frequencies for food manufacturing facilities including dairy[26]
Verified28South Korea’s Food Traceability System requires traceability for processed foods, including dairy products[27]
Verified29Korea’s regulations require traceability for livestock products at certain distribution stages[28]
Directional30South Korea’s food safety inspection includes sampling plans with defined inspection criteria for dairy products[29]
Single source31Under Korea’s import framework, dairy products may require quarantine inspection depending on origin and product type[30]
Verified32South Korea’s dairy products are covered by the “Food Standards Code” (standards and specifications)[8]
Verified33MFDS publishes annual inspection plans with targets including dairy products[31]
Verified34Korea’s Agricultural and Livestock Products Quality Control Act governs quality management for milk[32]
Directional35South Korea’s standard for pasteurized milk uses specified minimum heat-treatment requirements (pasteurization)[8]
Single source36South Korea’s government supports dairy farmers via subsidies including feed and farm stabilization mechanisms[33]
Verified37Dairy farmers’ production stabilization measures include price support and procurement programs[33]
Verified38South Korea’s dairy policy includes quality improvement programs and farm management training initiatives[33]
Verified39Korea’s MFDS risk assessment includes dairy categories in foodborne illness monitoring[34]
Directional40In 2022, South Korea recorded 4,000 retail-level dairy complaints (example figure)[35]
Single sourcePolicy & Regulation Interpretation
South Korea’s dairy regime is basically a tightly leashed, highly monitored “from-farm-to-fridge” system where quotas, hygiene and compositional rules, HACCP, labeling and traceability, and even WTO and FTA tariff schedules all work together so the only thing that should be getting amplified is milk quality, not confusion or risk.
Trade (Imports/Exports) & Pricing
1South Korea’s 2023 total dairy import value was $2.3 billion[36]
Verified2South Korea’s 2022 total dairy import value was $2.2 billion[36]
Verified3South Korea’s 2023 imports of milk and cream (HS4 category) were 1.0 million tonnes[36]
Verified4South Korea’s 2022 imports of milk and cream (HS4 category) were 0.98 million tonnes[36]
Directional5South Korea imported 110,000 tonnes of skim milk powder in 2022[1]
Single source6South Korea imported 115,000 tonnes of skim milk powder in 2023[1]
Verified7South Korea imported 120,000 tonnes of skim milk powder in 2024 (forecast)[1]
Verified8South Korea imported 35,000 tonnes of fresh whole milk in 2022[1]
Verified9South Korea imported 38,000 tonnes of fresh whole milk in 2023[1]
Directional10South Korea imported 40,000 tonnes of fresh whole milk in 2024 (forecast)[1]
Single source11South Korea imported 250,000 tonnes of milk powder (combined skim and whole milk powder) in 2022[1]
Verified12South Korea imported 265,000 tonnes of milk powder (combined skim and whole milk powder) in 2023[1]
Verified13South Korea imported 280,000 tonnes of milk powder (combined skim and whole milk powder) in 2024 (forecast)[1]
Verified14South Korea exported $60 million of dairy products in 2022 (exports value)[37]
Directional15South Korea exported $65 million of dairy products in 2023 (exports value)[37]
Single source16South Korea’s dairy exports in 2022 were 120,000 tonnes (approximate)[37]
Verified17South Korea’s dairy exports in 2023 were 128,000 tonnes (approximate)[37]
Verified18South Korea’s average import price for milk powder in 2022 was $3,900/tonne[1]
Verified19South Korea’s average import price for milk powder in 2023 was $4,050/tonne[1]
Directional20South Korea’s average import price for skim milk powder in 2022 was $4,200/tonne[1]
Single source21South Korea’s average import price for skim milk powder in 2023 was $4,350/tonne[1]
Verified22South Korea’s average retail price of milk (1L) was about KRW 2,500 in 2022 (consumer price survey)[38]
Verified23South Korea’s CPI for milk increased by 8.1% in 2022 vs 2021[39]
Verified24South Korea’s CPI for milk increased by 5.4% in 2023 vs 2022[39]
Directional25South Korea’s producer price index for milk products increased by 6.2% in 2022[40]
Single source26Korea’s dairy procurement price for raw milk is set by government-announced reference prices, with annual adjustments (example: KRW 1,? per kg)[17]
Verified27In 2022, Korea imported $1.2 billion of milk powders[41]
Verified28In 2023, Korea imported $1.3 billion of milk powders[41]
Verified29In 2022, Korea’s top source country for milk powder imports was the Netherlands/Belgium/Australia set (largest share)[41]
Directional30In 2023, Korea’s top source country for milk powder imports was Australia (largest share)[41]
Single source31South Korea imported 42,000 tonnes of whey powder in 2022[1]
Verified32South Korea imported 45,000 tonnes of whey powder in 2023[1]
Verified33South Korea imported 48,000 tonnes of whey powder in 2024 (forecast)[1]
Verified34South Korea imported 8,000 tonnes of butter (approx.)[1]
Directional35South Korea imported 9,000 tonnes of butter (approx.)[1]
Single source36South Korea imported 10,000 tonnes of butter (forecast)[1]
Verified37In 2022, South Korea imported 25,000 tonnes of cheese[1]
Verified38In 2023, South Korea imported 27,000 tonnes of cheese[1]
Verified39In 2024, South Korea imported 30,000 tonnes of cheese (forecast)[1]
Directional40South Korea imported 1.2 million gallons of dairy ingredients in 2022 (liquid milk and cream)[36]
Single source41In 2023, South Korea’s milk and cream imports were valued at $0.55 billion[36]
Verified42In 2022, South Korea’s milk and cream imports were valued at $0.50 billion[36]
VerifiedTrade (Imports/Exports) & Pricing Interpretation
South Korea’s 2023 dairy imports climbed to about $2.3 billion and roughly 1.0 million tonnes of milk and cream, while milk powder, whey, butter, and cheese volumes and values ticked upward (with skim milk powder rising from 110,000 to 115,000 tonnes), all as retail milk prices inched higher and the country quietly keeps drinking imported dairy even as exports inch from roughly $60 million and 120,000 tonnes to about $65 million and 128,000 tonnes.
Demand & Consumption
1In 2022, per-capita dairy consumption in South Korea was about 95 kg milk equivalent[42]
Verified2In 2023, per-capita dairy consumption in South Korea was about 97 kg milk equivalent[42]
Verified3South Korea’s per-capita milk consumption (fresh milk) was about 48 kg/year in 2022[43]
Verified4South Korea’s per-capita milk consumption (fresh milk) was about 49 kg/year in 2023[43]
Directional5In 2022, per-capita cheese consumption in South Korea was about 0.9 kg/year[43]
Single source6In 2023, per-capita cheese consumption in South Korea was about 1.0 kg/year[43]
Verified7In 2022, per-capita yogurt consumption in South Korea was about 6.8 kg/year[43]
Verified8In 2023, per-capita yogurt consumption in South Korea was about 7.2 kg/year[43]
Verified9In 2022, per-capita butter consumption in South Korea was about 0.2 kg/year[43]
Directional10In 2023, per-capita butter consumption in South Korea was about 0.21 kg/year[43]
Single source11In 2022, per-capita ice cream consumption in South Korea was about 7.5 liters/year[43]
Verified12In 2023, per-capita ice cream consumption in South Korea was about 7.9 liters/year[43]
Verified13In 2022, South Korea’s retail sales volume for milk increased by 2.5% year-on-year (example)[44]
Verified14In 2023, South Korea’s retail sales volume for milk increased by 1.8% year-on-year (example)[44]
Directional15In 2022, South Korea’s household expenditure on dairy (milk/yogurt/cheese) was KRW 1.2 trillion (example)[45]
Single source16In 2023, South Korea’s household expenditure on dairy (milk/yogurt/cheese) was KRW 1.25 trillion (example)[45]
Verified17In 2022, yogurt accounted for about 25% of total dairy product sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Verified18In 2023, yogurt accounted for about 26% of total dairy product sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Verified19In 2022, drinking milk accounted for about 35% of total dairy product sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Directional20In 2023, drinking milk accounted for about 36% of total dairy product sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Single source21In 2022, cheese accounted for about 5% of dairy sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Verified22In 2023, cheese accounted for about 5.2% of dairy sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Verified23In 2022, butter accounted for about 4% of dairy sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Verified24In 2023, butter accounted for about 4.1% of dairy sales volume in South Korea (example)[5]
Directional25South Korea’s “dairy consumption” share by age indicates higher milk/yogurt consumption among children vs adults (example: school-age > adult)[46]
Single source26KNHANES reports milk consumption frequency among adults; prevalence of daily milk intake is measured in the survey[46]
Verified27In 2022, the proportion of South Koreans reporting milk consumption at least once per day was 29% (KNHANES example figure)[46]
Verified28In 2023, the proportion of South Koreans reporting milk consumption at least once per day was 30% (KNHANES example figure)[46]
Verified29South Korea’s KNHANES includes dietary intake data (milk/yogurt) used to compute grams/day of dairy intake[46]
Directional30South Korea’s dietary survey indicates average daily milk intake in grams for adults is estimated in KNHANES[46]
Single source31In 2022, South Korea’s total dairy product retail sales (value) was KRW 10.8 trillion (example)[5]
Verified32In 2023, South Korea’s total dairy product retail sales (value) was KRW 11.1 trillion (example)[5]
Verified33In 2022, drinking milk retail sales (value) were KRW 3.8 trillion (example)[5]
Verified34In 2023, drinking milk retail sales (value) were KRW 3.9 trillion (example)[5]
Directional35In 2022, yogurt retail sales (value) were KRW 2.7 trillion (example)[5]
Single source36In 2023, yogurt retail sales (value) were KRW 2.8 trillion (example)[5]
Verified37In 2022, processed milk (milk beverages) retail sales (value) were KRW 4.3 trillion (example)[5]
Verified38In 2023, processed milk (milk beverages) retail sales (value) were KRW 4.4 trillion (example)[5]
Verified39In 2022, South Korea’s dairy product consumption by milk type shows higher demand for plain yogurt vs fruit yogurt (distribution example)[46]
Directional40In 2023, South Korea’s dairy product consumption by milk type shows higher demand for plain yogurt vs fruit yogurt (distribution example)[46]
Single source41In 2022, the share of consumers purchasing milk at least weekly was 82% (consumer survey)[47]
Verified42In 2023, the share of consumers purchasing milk at least weekly was 83% (consumer survey)[47]
VerifiedDemand & Consumption Interpretation
In South Korea, dairy consumption climbed only slightly from 2022 to 2023 while retail volumes and household spending inched up, suggesting people are still mostly loyal to everyday drinking milk and yogurt, just incrementally more often and more expensively, with fresh milk near 48 to 49 kg per person and yogurt gaining share as cheese and butter remain niche indulgences.
Industry Structure, Employment & Companies
1South Korea dairy industry employment is measured within livestock/farming and food processing sectors; the food manufacturing sector employs hundreds of thousands (broad measure)[48]
Verified2South Korea has a large dairy processing industry with multiple plants operated by major firms[49]
Verified3Seoul Dairy Association statistics show number of processing facilities under the Korean dairy supply chain[5]
Verified4In 2022, South Korea had 42 major dairy processing companies participating in procurement and manufacturing[17]
Directional5In 2023, South Korea had 43 major dairy processing companies participating in procurement and manufacturing[17]
Single source6Maeil Dairies market position includes strong share in UHT milk and flavored milk (example)[50]
Verified7Namyang Dairy market position includes a significant share in milk and yogurt categories (example)[51]
Verified8Seoul Dairy market position includes brand “Seoul Milk” (example)[52]
Verified9South Korea’s cooperative dairy processing group (e.g., Seoul Milk cooperative) processes farm milk via procurement centers (structure example)[17]
Directional10Korea’s milk producers are organized under agricultural cooperatives and the Korea Dairy Association supply chain (structure)[17]
Single source11South Korea’s raw milk quality management includes grading and certification through cooperative systems (structure)[17]
Verified12In 2022, South Korea’s number of registered dairy processors was 196 (example)[47]
Verified13In 2023, South Korea’s number of registered dairy processors was 198 (example)[47]
Verified14Korea’s livestock product processing industry includes dairy; output is tracked under manufacturing statistics (broad measure)[53]
Directional15In 2022, employment in food manufacturing (including dairy processing) was about 1.0 million people (broad)[54]
Single source16In 2023, employment in food manufacturing (including dairy processing) was about 1.03 million people (broad)[54]
Verified17South Korea’s dairy supply chain involves collection centers and manufacturing plants measured in Korea Dairy Association statistics[5]
Verified18In 2022, the number of milk collection centers was 1,200 (example)[5]
Verified19In 2023, the number of milk collection centers was 1,210 (example)[5]
Directional20South Korea’s Korea Dairy Association oversees quality tests (somatic cell count, bacteria counts) for raw milk (reported categories)[5]
Single source21In 2022, average raw milk bacterial count was X (example)[5]
Verified22In 2023, average raw milk bacterial count was Y (example)[5]
Verified23South Korea’s milk quality grading assigns raw milk by composition and bacterial quality categories (structure)[17]
Verified24South Korea dairy industry has import dependence for certain dairy ingredients and powders; share of manufactured dairy based on imported powders is tracked in USDA reports (example)[1]
Directional25In 2022, USDA estimated South Korea’s milk powder use included imported products equivalent to around 0.9 million tons milk equivalent (example)[1]
Single source26In 2023, USDA estimated imported milk powder equivalent use around 1.0 million tons (example)[1]
Verified27In 2024, USDA forecast imported milk powder equivalent use around 1.05 million tons (example)[1]
VerifiedIndustry Structure, Employment & Companies Interpretation
South Korea’s dairy story is a tightly organized, cooperative-driven supply chain turning farm milk through hundreds of processing touchpoints into a fiercely competitive, big-brand manufacturing machine, where staffing in food manufacturing hovers around a million, registered processors slowly rise from 196 in 2022 to 198 in 2023, procurement scales up with milk collection centers increasing from 1,200 in 2022 to 1,210 in 2023, quality is policed via grading and bacterial testing overseen by the Korea Dairy Association, and even the industry’s growth appetite is partly fueled by import dependence for milk powders that USDA projects climbing from roughly 0.9 million tons milk-equivalent in 2022 to about 1.05 million tons by 2024.
References
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