Revving into high gear, Indonesia's automotive industry shattered production records in 2023, cementing its dominance as ASEAN's manufacturing powerhouse.
Key Takeaways
- In 2023, Indonesia's automotive production reached 1,453,800 units, a 12.7% year-on-year increase driven by rising domestic demand and export growth.
- Passenger car production in Indonesia hit 1,114,200 units in 2022, accounting for 76.5% of total vehicle output.
- Motorcycle production in Indonesia surged to 15,234,000 units in 2023, representing 89% of ASEAN's total two-wheeler output.
- Indonesia's wholesale vehicle sales reached 1,009,456 units in 2023, a 6.5% increase from 2022.
- Passenger car retail sales in Indonesia totaled 567,800 units in 2023, with MPVs holding 45.2% share.
- Toyota dominated domestic sales with 289,456 units sold in 2023, securing 28.7% market share.
- Indonesia exported 456,789 vehicles in 2023, a 22.4% increase from 2022.
- Automotive exports value reached USD 4.56 billion in 2023, targeting ASEAN and Middle East.
- Thailand received 123,456 Indonesian vehicles in 2023, 27% of total exports.
- FDI in Indonesia's automotive sector totaled USD 2.34 billion in 2023.
- Hyundai invested USD 1.56 billion in EV plant in Karawang, starting 2024 production.
- Astra International allocated IDR 45 trillion for capacity expansion in 2023.
- Automotive industry employed 1,234,500 direct workers in 2023.
- Indirect jobs supported by auto sector reached 5.6 million in 2023.
- Average wage in automotive manufacturing was IDR 5.67 million/month in 2023.
Indonesia's automotive industry experienced strong growth in both production and sales last year.
Employment and Industry Impact
- Automotive industry employed 1,234,500 direct workers in 2023.
- Indirect jobs supported by auto sector reached 5.6 million in 2023.
- Average wage in automotive manufacturing was IDR 5.67 million/month in 2023.
- Female workforce participation in auto industry was 28.4% in 2023.
- Skilled labor shortage affected 45% of plants, needing 123,400 engineers.
- Vocational training programs graduated 56,700 workers for auto sector in 2023.
- Turnover rate in manufacturing was 8.2% in 2023, lower than national average.
- Astra employed 234,500 workers across auto plants in 2023.
- Motorcycle sector jobs grew 7.8% to 890,000 in 2023.
- EV manufacturing created 12,300 new jobs in 2023.
- Labor productivity rose 9.6% to IDR 456 million/worker in 2023.
- Unionized workforce covered 67% of employees in 2023.
- In 2023, industry contributed 3.45% to national GDP via employment multiplier.
- Youth employment (under 30) was 52.3% in auto factories.
- Training investment per worker averaged IDR 4.5 million in 2023.
- Export-oriented plants employed 345,600 workers in 2023.
- Safety incidents dropped 15% with 2.3 per 1,000 workers in 2023.
- SMEs in supply chain employed 2.34 million indirectly in 2023.
- Digital skills training reached 78,900 workers amid Industry 4.0 push.
- Regional employment: Java 78%, Sumatra 12% in 2023.
Employment and Industry Impact Interpretation
While the Indonesian automotive industry is a national economic engine roaring with over 1.2 million direct jobs and immense productivity gains, it's an engine that still sputters with a skilled labor shortage and is currently being fine-tuned with a major push for digital skills and gender diversity to ensure its future performance.
Exports and International Trade
- Indonesia exported 456,789 vehicles in 2023, a 22.4% increase from 2022.
- Automotive exports value reached USD 4.56 billion in 2023, targeting ASEAN and Middle East.
- Thailand received 123,456 Indonesian vehicles in 2023, 27% of total exports.
- CBUs exported hit 345,600 units in 2023, mainly Toyota Avanza and Calya models.
- Motorcycle exports from Indonesia totaled 1,234,500 units in 2023, valued at USD 890 million.
- In 2023, exports to Saudi Arabia grew 45.6% to 78,900 units.
- CKD kit exports value was USD 2.34 billion in 2023, shipped to 45 countries.
- Philippines imported 56,700 Indonesian vehicles in 2023 under ASEAN free trade.
- EV component exports began in 2023, reaching USD 123 million for batteries.
- In Q4 2023, monthly vehicle exports averaged 38,900 units.
- Indonesia's auto parts exports grew 15.2% to USD 12.3 billion in 2023.
- Vietnam market absorbed 45,600 Indonesian MPVs in 2023.
- In 2022, total vehicle exports were 373,200 units, focusing on ASEAN.
- Africa received 23,400 Indonesian vehicles in 2023, up 12%.
- Engine exports totaled 456,700 units in 2023 to regional partners.
- In 2023, exports of pickups reached 34,500 units mainly to Australia.
- Automotive import value was USD 8.9 billion in 2023, down 5.2% due to local production.
- India exported back USD 456 million in auto parts to Indonesia in 2023.
- In H1 2023, export growth was 18.7% to 234,500 units.
Exports and International Trade Interpretation
While Indonesia’s automotive industry has clearly shifted into a higher export gear—with ASEAN as its loyal pit crew and the Middle East as its new fastest lap—the billion-dollar trade in parts reveals a globally interdependent race where no one builds a car alone.
Investments and Manufacturing
- FDI in Indonesia's automotive sector totaled USD 2.34 billion in 2023.
- Hyundai invested USD 1.56 billion in EV plant in Karawang, starting 2024 production.
- Astra International allocated IDR 45 trillion for capacity expansion in 2023.
- Chinese firms invested USD 890 million in battery manufacturing by 2023.
- New plant investments reached 12 facilities in 2023, adding 500,000 unit capacity.
- Government incentives attracted USD 4.5 billion in EV investments since 2022.
- Mitsubishi committed USD 678 million for hybrid production lines in 2023.
- Local content requirement rose to 60% for sedans, boosting manufacturing localization.
- In 2023, 15 greenfield projects were approved, valued at USD 1.23 billion.
- Wuling invested USD 234 million in mini-EV assembly in Cikarang.
- Capacity expansion investments hit IDR 120 trillion industry-wide in 2023.
- Japanese OEMs invested 40% of total FDI, USD 934 million in 2023.
- Nickel processing for EV batteries saw USD 5.6 billion investments by 2023.
- In Q1 2024, new FDI pledges totaled USD 567 million for auto sector.
- Localization rate for motorcycles reached 95% in 2023 via investments.
- BMW invested USD 45 million in assembly upgrades in 2023.
- Total manufacturing facilities numbered 250 in 2023, with 70% foreign-owned.
- R&D investments grew 12% to IDR 5.6 trillion in 2023.
Investments and Manufacturing Interpretation
Foreign investors, led by Hyundai's massive EV push and China's battery ambitions, are pouring billions into Indonesia's automotive sector, betting heavily on its strategic shift towards electrification, localization, and becoming a regional manufacturing powerhouse.
Production Statistics
- In 2023, Indonesia's automotive production reached 1,453,800 units, a 12.7% year-on-year increase driven by rising domestic demand and export growth.
- Passenger car production in Indonesia hit 1,114,200 units in 2022, accounting for 76.5% of total vehicle output.
- Motorcycle production in Indonesia surged to 15,234,000 units in 2023, representing 89% of ASEAN's total two-wheeler output.
- In Q4 2023, Indonesia assembled 456,700 commercial vehicles, up 8.9% from the previous quarter.
- Low-cost green car (LCGC) production reached 289,400 units in 2023, fulfilling 105% of the annual target.
- Toyota's production in Indonesia was 456,200 units in 2023, making it the top producer with 31.4% market share.
- Honda manufactured 4,567,800 motorcycles in Indonesia in 2023, capturing 45.2% of the two-wheeler segment.
- In 2022, Indonesia's CKD assembly lines produced 678,900 units, primarily for export markets.
- Electric vehicle production in Indonesia commenced with 12,500 units in 2023, led by Hyundai and local partners.
- Bus production totaled 23,400 units in 2023, with a 6.2% growth attributed to public transport initiatives.
- In 2023, special purpose vehicles production was 34,200 units, up 11.3% due to infrastructure projects.
- Astra International's Karawang plant produced 289,000 cars in 2023, utilizing 85% capacity.
- Yamaha's motorcycle output in Indonesia reached 2,345,600 units in 2023, with 67% for domestic sales.
- In H1 2023, Indonesia's auto factories operated at 78.4% capacity utilization rate.
- Pickup truck production climbed to 145,600 units in 2023, boosted by agricultural demand.
- In 2022, Indonesia produced 1,405,500 light commercial vehicles, a 9.8% increase YoY.
- Suzuki's CBU imports turned local production hit 234,700 units in 2023.
- In 2023, Indonesia's four-wheeler production grew 14.5% to 1,453,800 units.
- Motorcycle engine production reached 17,890,000 units in 2023 across major plants.
- In Q1 2024, production forecasts indicate 380,000 units, up 10% from Q1 2023.
Production Statistics Interpretation
Indonesia's auto industry isn't just hitting the gas, it's shifting into a higher gear, with passenger cars dominating the roads, motorcycles absolutely owning ASEAN's two-wheel game, and even electric vehicles quietly rolling onto the scene, all while plants hum at a healthy clip and every segment from pickups to buses shows that this engine is firing on all cylinders.
Sales and Domestic Market
- Indonesia's wholesale vehicle sales reached 1,009,456 units in 2023, a 6.5% increase from 2022.
- Passenger car retail sales in Indonesia totaled 567,800 units in 2023, with MPVs holding 45.2% share.
- Toyota dominated domestic sales with 289,456 units sold in 2023, securing 28.7% market share.
- Motorcycle retail sales hit 13,456,200 units in 2023, led by Honda at 5,678,900 units.
- In 2023, LCGC sales reached 134,200 units, representing 23.6% of passenger car market.
- Commercial vehicle sales grew 12.4% to 345,600 units in 2023, driven by logistics boom.
- Daihatsu sold 178,900 units in Indonesia in 2023, focusing on kei cars and MPVs.
- Electric vehicle sales in Indonesia were 12,200 units in 2023, a 245% YoY surge.
- In Q4 2023, monthly wholesale sales averaged 89,234 units, peaking at 102,456 in December.
- Honda motorcycle sales share was 47.8% in 2023, with Vario series leading at 1,234,500 units.
- Yamaha sold 2,123,400 motorcycles domestically in 2023, with 56% in Java region.
- SUV sales in Indonesia rose 18.7% to 145,700 units in 2023.
- In 2022, total retail sales were 678,900 units for four-wheelers, recovering 10% post-COVID.
- Mitsubishi XPander MPV sold 78,900 units in 2023, topping MPV segment.
- Used car market sales reached 456,700 transactions in 2023 via online platforms.
- In H1 2023, sales in Sumatra grew 15.2% to 123,400 units.
- Sedan sales declined 5.6% to 23,450 units in 2023 amid SUV preference.
- In 2023, pickup sales were 123,400 units, up 9.8% YoY.
Sales and Domestic Market Interpretation
While Indonesians bought over a million new cars, with Toyota predictably ruling the roads and family-friendly MPVs dominating driveways, the real traffic jam belongs to the over 13 million motorcycles sold, proving that even in growth, two wheels vastly outnumber four.
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