GITNUXREPORT 2026

Indigenous Statistics

Indigenous populations are growing yet face stark systemic inequities in health and livelihood.

Sarah Mitchell

Senior Researcher specializing in consumer behavior and market trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

In 2021, Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population reached 812,728 people, comprising 3.2% of the total Australian population and showing a 23% increase from 2016.

Statistic 2

As of the 2021 Census, Indigenous peoples in Canada numbered 1,807,250, or 5.0% of the total population, with First Nations at 1,048,405 (58%), Métis at 624,220 (34.5%), and Inuit at 70,545 (3.9%).

Statistic 3

The United States Native American and Alaska Native alone or in combination population was 9.7 million in 2020, representing 2.9% of the US population, up from 5.2 million in 2010.

Statistic 4

New Zealand's Māori population was 904,100 in 2023, making up 17.1% of the total population, with a median age of 29.8 years compared to 38.5 for non-Māori.

Statistic 5

In Brazil, Indigenous peoples numbered approximately 1.7 million in 2022, with 897,000 living in Indigenous territories across 13.8% of the national territory.

Statistic 6

Greenland's Inuit population constitutes 88% of the total 56,000 residents as of 2023, with most living in small coastal settlements.

Statistic 7

In Mexico, Indigenous peoples represent 21.5% of the population (25.4 million in 2020), speaking 68 Indigenous languages.

Statistic 8

In Colombia, Indigenous peoples number 2.2 million (4.4% of population in 2022), across 115 peoples in 702 territories.

Statistic 9

Peru's Indigenous population is 26% (about 8.6 million in 2023), with 55 peoples, 47 languages, concentrated in Amazon (72%) and Andes (26%).

Statistic 10

In the US, 78% of Native Americans live outside reservations (2020 Census), with urban populations concentrated in states like California (757,628).

Statistic 11

Canada's Indigenous population growth rate was 9.4% from 2016-2021, twice the non-Indigenous rate of 4.9%.

Statistic 12

Australia's Indigenous population median age is 24.0 years (2021), compared to 38.0 for non-Indigenous.

Statistic 13

New Zealand Māori fertility rate is 2.2 births per woman (2023), higher than non-Māori 1.6.

Statistic 14

Brazil's Indigenous population density averages 1.3 people/km² in territories, but urban Indigenous grew 70% from 2010-2022.

Statistic 15

Mexico's Indigenous population has 7.4 million monolingual speakers of Indigenous languages (29% of Indigenous total).

Statistic 16

Bolivia's Indigenous urban population rose to 47% by 2022 from 32% in 2001.

Statistic 17

Colombia's Indigenous women represent 51.3% of Indigenous population (2022).

Statistic 18

Peru's Amazon Indigenous population is 1.8 million (2023), 72% of national Indigenous.

Statistic 19

US Native American youth (under 18) are 32% of the total Native population (2020).

Statistic 20

Canada's First Nations on-reserve population is 44% of First Nations total (2021).

Statistic 21

Australia's remote Indigenous population is 17% (143,000 in 2021).

Statistic 22

New Zealand Māori in Auckland number 227,000 (25% of Māori population, 2023).

Statistic 23

Brazil's Yanomami territory has 27,000 Indigenous (2022), largest single group.

Statistic 24

Greenland Inuit median age is 34 years (2023), younger than Danish average.

Statistic 25

Mexico's Maya Indigenous are 1.5 million (2020), largest group.

Statistic 26

Bolivia's Aymara population is 2.2 million (18% of total pop, 2022).

Statistic 27

Colombia's Wayuu are 450,000 (20% of Indigenous, 2022).

Statistic 28

Peru's Quechua speakers are 4.4 million (2023).

Statistic 29

Australia's Indigenous unemployment rate is 13.8% (2023), more than double the 4.2% non-Indigenous rate.

Statistic 30

Canada's Indigenous employment rate is 60.4% for core working age (25-64, 2023), vs 76.5% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 31

US Native American unemployment is 8.3% (2023), vs 3.7% national.

Statistic 32

New Zealand Māori unemployment is 7.9% (Q1 2024), vs 4.0% overall.

Statistic 33

Brazil's Indigenous labor force participation is 52% (2019), with 40% in agriculture.

Statistic 34

Greenland Inuit median income is 250,000 DKK annually (2022), 20% below Danish Greenlanders.

Statistic 35

Mexico Indigenous poverty rate is 74.3% (2022), vs 36.3% national.

Statistic 36

Bolivia's Indigenous household income average is 1,200 BOB/month (2021), half national.

Statistic 37

Colombia Indigenous extreme poverty rate is 42% (2022), vs 12.2% national.

Statistic 38

Peru's Indigenous monetary poverty is 42.1% (2022), vs 27.5% national.

Statistic 39

US Native American median household income is $53,200 (2022), 70% of $75,149 national.

Statistic 40

Canada First Nations median income on-reserve is $35,000 (2020), vs $50,000 off-reserve.

Statistic 41

Australia's Indigenous weekly personal income median is $500 (2021), vs $805 non-Indigenous.

Statistic 42

New Zealand Māori median hourly wage is $28.50 (2023), vs $32 overall.

Statistic 43

Brazil Indigenous informal employment is 65% (2019).

Statistic 44

Greenland fishery employment is 25% of Inuit workforce (2022).

Statistic 45

Mexico Indigenous remittances received average $2,500/year (2022).

Statistic 46

Bolivia Aymara entrepreneurship rate is 22% (2021).

Statistic 47

Colombia Indigenous microenterprise ownership is 35% of households (2022).

Statistic 48

Peru Indigenous artisan economy contributes 5% to regional GDP in Andes (2022).

Statistic 49

US tribal gaming revenue is $39 billion annually (2023), employing 700,000.

Statistic 50

Canada Indigenous business ownership grew 45% to 53,000 (2023).

Statistic 51

Australia Indigenous business count is 15,000 (2023), generating $5 billion.

Statistic 52

New Zealand Māori asset base is $70 billion (2023).

Statistic 53

Brazil Indigenous ecotourism generates R$1.2 billion/year (2022).

Statistic 54

Greenland tourism employs 10% of Inuit (pre-COVID 2019).

Statistic 55

Mexico Indigenous cooperatives number 2,500, with 500,000 members (2022).

Statistic 56

Bolivia Indigenous mining cooperatives produce 20% of national silver (2021).

Statistic 57

Colombia Indigenous coffee production is 15% of national total (2022).

Statistic 58

Peru Indigenous fisheries contribute 12% to national fish exports (2022).

Statistic 59

In Australia, only 40% of Indigenous adults completed Year 12 (2021), compared to 64% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 60

Canada's Indigenous high school completion rate is 64% for First Nations (25-34 years, 2021), vs 93% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 61

US Native American postsecondary enrollment is 24% (2021), but completion rate 14% for bachelor's.

Statistic 62

New Zealand Māori Year 13 attainment is 52% (2022), vs 68% non-Māori.

Statistic 63

Brazil's Indigenous literacy rate is 75% for ages 15+ (2019), vs 93% national.

Statistic 64

Greenland Inuit upper secondary completion is 45% (2022), low due to language barriers.

Statistic 65

Mexico's Indigenous youth (15-24) illiteracy is 22% (2020), vs 4% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 66

Bolivia Indigenous primary school completion is 85% (2021), but secondary 35%.

Statistic 67

Colombia's Indigenous average schooling years is 5.3 (2022), vs 10.3 national.

Statistic 68

Peru's Indigenous rural primary net enrollment is 92% (2022), but secondary 65%.

Statistic 69

US Native American dropout rate from high school is 9.3% (2020).

Statistic 70

Canada Inuit postsecondary attainment is 14% (2021), lowest among Indigenous groups.

Statistic 71

Australia's Indigenous early childhood education attendance is 82% (2023).

Statistic 72

New Zealand Māori tertiary qualification rate is 24% (2023).

Statistic 73

Brazil Indigenous university enrollment is 1.2% of total Indigenous youth (2022).

Statistic 74

Greenland student-teacher ratio in primary is 10:1 (2022).

Statistic 75

Mexico Indigenous bilingual education coverage is 25% (2020).

Statistic 76

Bolivia Quechua speakers' secondary completion is 28% (2021).

Statistic 77

Colombia Indigenous universities number 12, serving 5,000 students (2022).

Statistic 78

Peru Indigenous teachers represent 12% of total (2022).

Statistic 79

US tribal colleges enroll 15,000 students annually (2023).

Statistic 80

Canada's Indigenous-controlled schools number 400 (2023).

Statistic 81

Australia Indigenous vocational training completion is 72% (2022).

Statistic 82

New Zealand kura kaupapa Māori schools have 6,000 students (2023).

Statistic 83

Brazil Indigenous school attendance 6-14 years is 94% (2019).

Statistic 84

Greenland illiteracy rate among adults is 10% (2022).

Statistic 85

Mexico Indigenous higher education enrollment is 8% (2020).

Statistic 86

Bolivia Indigenous girls' secondary enrollment gap is 15% vs boys (2021).

Statistic 87

Colombia Indigenous dropout rate primary-secondary transition is 30% (2022).

Statistic 88

Peru rural Indigenous girls' tertiary enrollment is 18% (2022).

Statistic 89

In Canada, Indigenous life expectancy at birth is 73.5 years for males and 78.1 for females (2019-2021), 5-6 years lower than non-Indigenous.

Statistic 90

Australia's Indigenous life expectancy is 71.9 years for males and 75.6 for females (2015-2017), 8.3 years below non-Indigenous.

Statistic 91

US Native Americans have a life expectancy of 71.8 years (2021), compared to 76.4 national average.

Statistic 92

New Zealand Māori life expectancy is 73.4 years for males and 77.1 for females (2017-2019), 7 years less than non-Māori.

Statistic 93

Brazil's Indigenous infant mortality rate is 18.9 per 1,000 live births (2019), double the national 12.4.

Statistic 94

In Greenland, suicide rates among Inuit youth (15-24) are 81 per 100,000 (2019), world's highest.

Statistic 95

Mexico's Indigenous maternal mortality ratio is 60.8 per 100,000 (2020), vs 27.5 national.

Statistic 96

Bolivia Indigenous diabetes prevalence is 12.5% (2021), higher than 9.2% national.

Statistic 97

Colombia's Indigenous under-5 mortality is 25 per 1,000 (2020), vs 13 national.

Statistic 98

Peru Amazon Indigenous TB incidence is 150 per 100,000 (2022), triple national rate.

Statistic 99

US Native American diabetes rate is 13.0% (2018), vs 9.2% non-Hispanic white.

Statistic 100

Canada First Nations suicide rate is 44 per 100,000 (2019), 3x non-Indigenous.

Statistic 101

Australia Indigenous youth suicide rate (10-24) is 39 per 100,000 (2021), 5x non-Indigenous.

Statistic 102

New Zealand Māori obesity rate is 43% (2020-21), vs 29% non-Māori.

Statistic 103

Brazil Indigenous COVID-19 mortality rate was 1,200 per 100,000 (2022), higher than national 900.

Statistic 104

Greenland alcohol-related deaths among Inuit are 25% of total mortality (2020).

Statistic 105

Mexico Indigenous hypertension prevalence is 28% (2020), vs 22% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 106

Bolivia rural Indigenous stunting rate in children under 5 is 32% (2021).

Statistic 107

Colombia Indigenous malnutrition rate is 15% in children (2022).

Statistic 108

Peru Indigenous anemia in children 6-35 months is 43% (2022).

Statistic 109

In Australia, Indigenous adults with high blood pressure is 34% (2018-19), vs 22% non-Indigenous.

Statistic 110

Canada's Indigenous cancer incidence rate is 20% higher than non-Indigenous (2021).

Statistic 111

US Native American heart disease death rate is 180 per 100,000 (2021), 20% above average.

Statistic 112

New Zealand Māori smoking rate is 20.9% (2021), vs 6.8% Pacific.

Statistic 113

Brazil Indigenous child vaccination coverage is 72% for DTP3 (2022), below 85% national.

Statistic 114

Greenland HIV prevalence among Inuit is 0.3% (2023).

Statistic 115

Mexico Indigenous access to health services is 68% (2020), vs 85% national.

Statistic 116

Bolivia Indigenous chronic kidney disease rate is 8% (2021).

Statistic 117

Colombia Indigenous mental health service access is 25% (2022).

Statistic 118

Peru Indigenous COVID vaccination rate lagged at 65% fully dosed by mid-2022.

Statistic 119

Australia's Indigenous potentially avoidable deaths rate is 1,458 per 100,000 (2019), 2.5x non-Indigenous.

Statistic 120

Canada Métis obesity rate is 37.8% (2021).

Statistic 121

US Alaska Native cancer mortality is 200 per 100,000 (2021).

Statistic 122

New Zealand Māori asthma hospitalization rate is 3x non-Māori (2022).

Statistic 123

In Australia, Indigenous land covers 53% of continent (404 million hectares, 2023).

Statistic 124

Canada's Indigenous reserves total 640,000 km² (6.3% of land, 2023).

Statistic 125

US tribal lands encompass 56 million acres (2.3% of US, 2023).

Statistic 126

New Zealand Māori land is 6 million hectares (16% of NZ, 2023).

Statistic 127

Brazil's Indigenous territories cover 13.2% of country (118 million ha, 2023).

Statistic 128

Greenland Inuit communal lands are entire island under self-rule (2.16 million km²).

Statistic 129

Mexico recognizes 6,300 Indigenous territories covering 40 million ha (2023).

Statistic 130

Bolivia's Indigenous territories are 22 million ha (20% of land, 2023).

Statistic 131

Colombia has 702 Indigenous reservations (44 million ha, 38% of country, 2023).

Statistic 132

Peru's Indigenous titled lands are 22 million ha (17%, 2023).

Statistic 133

Australia native title determinations cover 35% of land mass (2023).

Statistic 134

Canada treaty lands cover 4% additionally to reserves (2023).

Statistic 135

US reservations hold 334 reservations for 574 tribes (2023).

Statistic 136

New Zealand Treaty of Waitangi settlements returned 3 million ha since 1990.

Statistic 137

Brazil 305 Indigenous lands demarcated, 246 ratified (2023).

Statistic 138

Greenland Home Rule Act grants land rights over 80% subsistence areas.

Statistic 139

Mexico agrarian communities for Indigenous: 3,300 ejidos (2023).

Statistic 140

Bolivia TIOC (Tipnis) spans 1.2 million ha for 64 communities.

Statistic 141

Colombia resguardos house 50% of Indigenous population (2023).

Statistic 142

Peru 52 titled Indigenous communities in Loreto region alone (10,000 ha).

Statistic 143

Australia's Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) total 85, covering 67 million ha (2023).

Statistic 144

Canada modern treaties settle 600,000 km² (2023).

Statistic 145

US Alaska Native corporations manage 44 million acres.

Statistic 146

New Zealand Māori fisheries quota is 36% of total (2023).

Statistic 147

Brazil Yanomami territory 9.6 million ha invaded by 20,000 miners (2023).

Statistic 148

Greenland protected areas cover 40% of land for Inuit hunting rights.

Statistic 149

Mexico 68 Indigenous sacred sites protected (2023).

Statistic 150

Bolivia 21 TIOCs cover 20 million ha (2023).

Statistic 151

Colombia Nasa territory 200,000 ha with 30,000 people.

Statistic 152

Peru Awajún territory 1.1 million ha (2023).

Statistic 153

Australia's Indigenous rangers number 5,000 managing 40% of national parks (2023).

Statistic 154

US sacred sites on federal lands number 1,000+ under protection (2023).

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From the frozen expanses of Greenland to the vibrant heart of Australia, a demographic surge is reshaping our world as Indigenous populations not only grow but reclaim their vital place across continents and cultures.

Key Takeaways

In 2021, Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population reached 812,728 people, comprising 3.2% of the total Australian population and showing a 23% increase from 2016.
As of the 2021 Census, Indigenous peoples in Canada numbered 1,807,250, or 5.0% of the total population, with First Nations at 1,048,405 (58%), Métis at 624,220 (34.5%), and Inuit at 70,545 (3.9%).
The United States Native American and Alaska Native alone or in combination population was 9.7 million in 2020, representing 2.9% of the US population, up from 5.2 million in 2010.
In Canada, Indigenous life expectancy at birth is 73.5 years for males and 78.1 for females (2019-2021), 5-6 years lower than non-Indigenous.
Australia's Indigenous life expectancy is 71.9 years for males and 75.6 for females (2015-2017), 8.3 years below non-Indigenous.
US Native Americans have a life expectancy of 71.8 years (2021), compared to 76.4 national average.
In Australia, only 40% of Indigenous adults completed Year 12 (2021), compared to 64% non-Indigenous.
Canada's Indigenous high school completion rate is 64% for First Nations (25-34 years, 2021), vs 93% non-Indigenous.
US Native American postsecondary enrollment is 24% (2021), but completion rate 14% for bachelor's.
Australia's Indigenous unemployment rate is 13.8% (2023), more than double the 4.2% non-Indigenous rate.
Canada's Indigenous employment rate is 60.4% for core working age (25-64, 2023), vs 76.5% non-Indigenous.
US Native American unemployment is 8.3% (2023), vs 3.7% national.
In Australia, Indigenous land covers 53% of continent (404 million hectares, 2023).
Canada's Indigenous reserves total 640,000 km² (6.3% of land, 2023).
US tribal lands encompass 56 million acres (2.3% of US, 2023).

Indigenous populations are growing yet face stark systemic inequities in health and livelihood.

Demographics

In 2021, Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population reached 812,728 people, comprising 3.2% of the total Australian population and showing a 23% increase from 2016.
As of the 2021 Census, Indigenous peoples in Canada numbered 1,807,250, or 5.0% of the total population, with First Nations at 1,048,405 (58%), Métis at 624,220 (34.5%), and Inuit at 70,545 (3.9%).
The United States Native American and Alaska Native alone or in combination population was 9.7 million in 2020, representing 2.9% of the US population, up from 5.2 million in 2010.
New Zealand's Māori population was 904,100 in 2023, making up 17.1% of the total population, with a median age of 29.8 years compared to 38.5 for non-Māori.
In Brazil, Indigenous peoples numbered approximately 1.7 million in 2022, with 897,000 living in Indigenous territories across 13.8% of the national territory.
Greenland's Inuit population constitutes 88% of the total 56,000 residents as of 2023, with most living in small coastal settlements.
In Mexico, Indigenous peoples represent 21.5% of the population (25.4 million in 2020), speaking 68 Indigenous languages.
In Colombia, Indigenous peoples number 2.2 million (4.4% of population in 2022), across 115 peoples in 702 territories.
Peru's Indigenous population is 26% (about 8.6 million in 2023), with 55 peoples, 47 languages, concentrated in Amazon (72%) and Andes (26%).
In the US, 78% of Native Americans live outside reservations (2020 Census), with urban populations concentrated in states like California (757,628).
Canada's Indigenous population growth rate was 9.4% from 2016-2021, twice the non-Indigenous rate of 4.9%.
Australia's Indigenous population median age is 24.0 years (2021), compared to 38.0 for non-Indigenous.
New Zealand Māori fertility rate is 2.2 births per woman (2023), higher than non-Māori 1.6.
Brazil's Indigenous population density averages 1.3 people/km² in territories, but urban Indigenous grew 70% from 2010-2022.
Mexico's Indigenous population has 7.4 million monolingual speakers of Indigenous languages (29% of Indigenous total).
Bolivia's Indigenous urban population rose to 47% by 2022 from 32% in 2001.
Colombia's Indigenous women represent 51.3% of Indigenous population (2022).
Peru's Amazon Indigenous population is 1.8 million (2023), 72% of national Indigenous.
US Native American youth (under 18) are 32% of the total Native population (2020).
Canada's First Nations on-reserve population is 44% of First Nations total (2021).
Australia's remote Indigenous population is 17% (143,000 in 2021).
New Zealand Māori in Auckland number 227,000 (25% of Māori population, 2023).
Brazil's Yanomami territory has 27,000 Indigenous (2022), largest single group.
Greenland Inuit median age is 34 years (2023), younger than Danish average.
Mexico's Maya Indigenous are 1.5 million (2020), largest group.
Bolivia's Aymara population is 2.2 million (18% of total pop, 2022).
Colombia's Wayuu are 450,000 (20% of Indigenous, 2022).
Peru's Quechua speakers are 4.4 million (2023).

Demographics Interpretation

The numbers whisper a story of enduring vibrancy and change, revealing populations that are not only recovering but also shifting into new landscapes, all while fighting to hold the cultural core that these very statistics can never fully capture.

Economic

Australia's Indigenous unemployment rate is 13.8% (2023), more than double the 4.2% non-Indigenous rate.
Canada's Indigenous employment rate is 60.4% for core working age (25-64, 2023), vs 76.5% non-Indigenous.
US Native American unemployment is 8.3% (2023), vs 3.7% national.
New Zealand Māori unemployment is 7.9% (Q1 2024), vs 4.0% overall.
Brazil's Indigenous labor force participation is 52% (2019), with 40% in agriculture.
Greenland Inuit median income is 250,000 DKK annually (2022), 20% below Danish Greenlanders.
Mexico Indigenous poverty rate is 74.3% (2022), vs 36.3% national.
Bolivia's Indigenous household income average is 1,200 BOB/month (2021), half national.
Colombia Indigenous extreme poverty rate is 42% (2022), vs 12.2% national.
Peru's Indigenous monetary poverty is 42.1% (2022), vs 27.5% national.
US Native American median household income is $53,200 (2022), 70% of $75,149 national.
Canada First Nations median income on-reserve is $35,000 (2020), vs $50,000 off-reserve.
Australia's Indigenous weekly personal income median is $500 (2021), vs $805 non-Indigenous.
New Zealand Māori median hourly wage is $28.50 (2023), vs $32 overall.
Brazil Indigenous informal employment is 65% (2019).
Greenland fishery employment is 25% of Inuit workforce (2022).
Mexico Indigenous remittances received average $2,500/year (2022).
Bolivia Aymara entrepreneurship rate is 22% (2021).
Colombia Indigenous microenterprise ownership is 35% of households (2022).
Peru Indigenous artisan economy contributes 5% to regional GDP in Andes (2022).
US tribal gaming revenue is $39 billion annually (2023), employing 700,000.
Canada Indigenous business ownership grew 45% to 53,000 (2023).
Australia Indigenous business count is 15,000 (2023), generating $5 billion.
New Zealand Māori asset base is $70 billion (2023).
Brazil Indigenous ecotourism generates R$1.2 billion/year (2022).
Greenland tourism employs 10% of Inuit (pre-COVID 2019).
Mexico Indigenous cooperatives number 2,500, with 500,000 members (2022).
Bolivia Indigenous mining cooperatives produce 20% of national silver (2021).
Colombia Indigenous coffee production is 15% of national total (2022).
Peru Indigenous fisheries contribute 12% to national fish exports (2022).

Economic Interpretation

While the data paints a harsh, universal picture of systemic economic disparity, it also reveals a powerful undercurrent of resilience and self-determination that is actively building wealth and sovereignty from the ground up.

Education

In Australia, only 40% of Indigenous adults completed Year 12 (2021), compared to 64% non-Indigenous.
Canada's Indigenous high school completion rate is 64% for First Nations (25-34 years, 2021), vs 93% non-Indigenous.
US Native American postsecondary enrollment is 24% (2021), but completion rate 14% for bachelor's.
New Zealand Māori Year 13 attainment is 52% (2022), vs 68% non-Māori.
Brazil's Indigenous literacy rate is 75% for ages 15+ (2019), vs 93% national.
Greenland Inuit upper secondary completion is 45% (2022), low due to language barriers.
Mexico's Indigenous youth (15-24) illiteracy is 22% (2020), vs 4% non-Indigenous.
Bolivia Indigenous primary school completion is 85% (2021), but secondary 35%.
Colombia's Indigenous average schooling years is 5.3 (2022), vs 10.3 national.
Peru's Indigenous rural primary net enrollment is 92% (2022), but secondary 65%.
US Native American dropout rate from high school is 9.3% (2020).
Canada Inuit postsecondary attainment is 14% (2021), lowest among Indigenous groups.
Australia's Indigenous early childhood education attendance is 82% (2023).
New Zealand Māori tertiary qualification rate is 24% (2023).
Brazil Indigenous university enrollment is 1.2% of total Indigenous youth (2022).
Greenland student-teacher ratio in primary is 10:1 (2022).
Mexico Indigenous bilingual education coverage is 25% (2020).
Bolivia Quechua speakers' secondary completion is 28% (2021).
Colombia Indigenous universities number 12, serving 5,000 students (2022).
Peru Indigenous teachers represent 12% of total (2022).
US tribal colleges enroll 15,000 students annually (2023).
Canada's Indigenous-controlled schools number 400 (2023).
Australia Indigenous vocational training completion is 72% (2022).
New Zealand kura kaupapa Māori schools have 6,000 students (2023).
Brazil Indigenous school attendance 6-14 years is 94% (2019).
Greenland illiteracy rate among adults is 10% (2022).
Mexico Indigenous higher education enrollment is 8% (2020).
Bolivia Indigenous girls' secondary enrollment gap is 15% vs boys (2021).
Colombia Indigenous dropout rate primary-secondary transition is 30% (2022).
Peru rural Indigenous girls' tertiary enrollment is 18% (2022).

Education Interpretation

From the classrooms of Australia to the Arctic schools of Greenland, these statistics form a sobering global chorus revealing how persistent educational inequity remains the colonial curriculum's most enduring, and infuriating, final exam.

Health

In Canada, Indigenous life expectancy at birth is 73.5 years for males and 78.1 for females (2019-2021), 5-6 years lower than non-Indigenous.
Australia's Indigenous life expectancy is 71.9 years for males and 75.6 for females (2015-2017), 8.3 years below non-Indigenous.
US Native Americans have a life expectancy of 71.8 years (2021), compared to 76.4 national average.
New Zealand Māori life expectancy is 73.4 years for males and 77.1 for females (2017-2019), 7 years less than non-Māori.
Brazil's Indigenous infant mortality rate is 18.9 per 1,000 live births (2019), double the national 12.4.
In Greenland, suicide rates among Inuit youth (15-24) are 81 per 100,000 (2019), world's highest.
Mexico's Indigenous maternal mortality ratio is 60.8 per 100,000 (2020), vs 27.5 national.
Bolivia Indigenous diabetes prevalence is 12.5% (2021), higher than 9.2% national.
Colombia's Indigenous under-5 mortality is 25 per 1,000 (2020), vs 13 national.
Peru Amazon Indigenous TB incidence is 150 per 100,000 (2022), triple national rate.
US Native American diabetes rate is 13.0% (2018), vs 9.2% non-Hispanic white.
Canada First Nations suicide rate is 44 per 100,000 (2019), 3x non-Indigenous.
Australia Indigenous youth suicide rate (10-24) is 39 per 100,000 (2021), 5x non-Indigenous.
New Zealand Māori obesity rate is 43% (2020-21), vs 29% non-Māori.
Brazil Indigenous COVID-19 mortality rate was 1,200 per 100,000 (2022), higher than national 900.
Greenland alcohol-related deaths among Inuit are 25% of total mortality (2020).
Mexico Indigenous hypertension prevalence is 28% (2020), vs 22% non-Indigenous.
Bolivia rural Indigenous stunting rate in children under 5 is 32% (2021).
Colombia Indigenous malnutrition rate is 15% in children (2022).
Peru Indigenous anemia in children 6-35 months is 43% (2022).
In Australia, Indigenous adults with high blood pressure is 34% (2018-19), vs 22% non-Indigenous.
Canada's Indigenous cancer incidence rate is 20% higher than non-Indigenous (2021).
US Native American heart disease death rate is 180 per 100,000 (2021), 20% above average.
New Zealand Māori smoking rate is 20.9% (2021), vs 6.8% Pacific.
Brazil Indigenous child vaccination coverage is 72% for DTP3 (2022), below 85% national.
Greenland HIV prevalence among Inuit is 0.3% (2023).
Mexico Indigenous access to health services is 68% (2020), vs 85% national.
Bolivia Indigenous chronic kidney disease rate is 8% (2021).
Colombia Indigenous mental health service access is 25% (2022).
Peru Indigenous COVID vaccination rate lagged at 65% fully dosed by mid-2022.
Australia's Indigenous potentially avoidable deaths rate is 1,458 per 100,000 (2019), 2.5x non-Indigenous.
Canada Métis obesity rate is 37.8% (2021).
US Alaska Native cancer mortality is 200 per 100,000 (2021).
New Zealand Māori asthma hospitalization rate is 3x non-Māori (2022).

Health Interpretation

From Canada to Australia and across the Americas, the persistent, jarring deficit in Indigenous health outcomes paints a grim and unified portrait of the enduring cost of colonial disruption and systemic neglect.

Land Rights

In Australia, Indigenous land covers 53% of continent (404 million hectares, 2023).
Canada's Indigenous reserves total 640,000 km² (6.3% of land, 2023).
US tribal lands encompass 56 million acres (2.3% of US, 2023).
New Zealand Māori land is 6 million hectares (16% of NZ, 2023).
Brazil's Indigenous territories cover 13.2% of country (118 million ha, 2023).
Greenland Inuit communal lands are entire island under self-rule (2.16 million km²).
Mexico recognizes 6,300 Indigenous territories covering 40 million ha (2023).
Bolivia's Indigenous territories are 22 million ha (20% of land, 2023).
Colombia has 702 Indigenous reservations (44 million ha, 38% of country, 2023).
Peru's Indigenous titled lands are 22 million ha (17%, 2023).
Australia native title determinations cover 35% of land mass (2023).
Canada treaty lands cover 4% additionally to reserves (2023).
US reservations hold 334 reservations for 574 tribes (2023).
New Zealand Treaty of Waitangi settlements returned 3 million ha since 1990.
Brazil 305 Indigenous lands demarcated, 246 ratified (2023).
Greenland Home Rule Act grants land rights over 80% subsistence areas.
Mexico agrarian communities for Indigenous: 3,300 ejidos (2023).
Bolivia TIOC (Tipnis) spans 1.2 million ha for 64 communities.
Colombia resguardos house 50% of Indigenous population (2023).
Peru 52 titled Indigenous communities in Loreto region alone (10,000 ha).
Australia's Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) total 85, covering 67 million ha (2023).
Canada modern treaties settle 600,000 km² (2023).
US Alaska Native corporations manage 44 million acres.
New Zealand Māori fisheries quota is 36% of total (2023).
Brazil Yanomami territory 9.6 million ha invaded by 20,000 miners (2023).
Greenland protected areas cover 40% of land for Inuit hunting rights.
Mexico 68 Indigenous sacred sites protected (2023).
Bolivia 21 TIOCs cover 20 million ha (2023).
Colombia Nasa territory 200,000 ha with 30,000 people.
Peru Awajún territory 1.1 million ha (2023).
Australia's Indigenous rangers number 5,000 managing 40% of national parks (2023).
US sacred sites on federal lands number 1,000+ under protection (2023).

Land Rights Interpretation

While these statistics vary widely in scale and significance, together they chart a global ledger showing that where Indigenous land rights are recognized, they remain both a foundational percentage of the map and a disproportionately vital fraction of the world's cultural and ecological integrity.

Sources & References

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