Immigrant Labor Force Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

Immigrant Labor Force Statistics

Employment and participation for foreign-born workers remain consistently higher than for natives, with a 63.5 percent foreign-born employment rate in 2023 versus 59.2 percent for native-born and labor force participation at 65.9 percent versus 61.3 percent. Use Immigrant Labor Force to see the gaps sharpen by gender, education, language, and visa pathways plus major differences across sectors and states, including a near 100 percent H-1B employment rate alongside unemployment rates that still shift sharply for groups like the disabled.

154 statistics5 sections8 min readUpdated 15 days ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

In 2023, US employment rate for foreign-born was 63.5 percent versus 59.2 percent for native-born.

Statistic 2

Foreign-born men employment rate 69.8 percent in US 2023.

Statistic 3

Employment rate for foreign-born women in US reached 55.4 percent 2023.

Statistic 4

Hispanic foreign-born employment rate 65.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 5

Asian foreign-born employment 62.7 percent in US 2022.

Statistic 6

Mexican-born employment rate 67.1 percent US 2022.

Statistic 7

Foreign-born Black employment 59.8 percent US 2023.

Statistic 8

Youth foreign-born employment 52.3 percent US 2023.

Statistic 9

California foreign-born employment 64.9 percent 2022.

Statistic 10

Less-educated foreign-born employment 64.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 11

College-educated foreign-born employment 70.1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 12

Central American-born employment 66.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 13

Elderly foreign-born employment 17.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 14

New York immigrant employment 61.3 percent 2022.

Statistic 15

Foreign-born STEM employment 71.8 percent US 2022.

Statistic 16

Undocumented employment rate 67.9 percent US 2022.

Statistic 17

Refugee employment after 5 years 56.4 percent US 2022.

Statistic 18

Texas foreign-born employment 66.2 percent 2023.

Statistic 19

English-proficient foreign-born employment 64.1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 20

Recent arrivals employment 61.9 percent US 2023.

Statistic 21

Long-term immigrants employment 60.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 22

Midwest foreign-born employment 61.0 percent 2022.

Statistic 23

Florida immigrant employment 64.5 percent 2023.

Statistic 24

Disabled foreign-born employment 42.7 percent US 2022.

Statistic 25

H-1B employment rate 98.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 26

Family-sponsored employment 59.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 27

Prime-age foreign-born employment 69.0 percent US 2023.

Statistic 28

Indian-born employment 67.8 percent US 2022.

Statistic 29

Illinois immigrant employment 62.7 percent 2023.

Statistic 30

Foreign-born veteran employment 51.9 percent US 2022.

Statistic 31

Northeast foreign-born employment 62.4 percent US 2023.

Statistic 32

In 2023, the labor force participation rate for foreign-born individuals aged 16 and over in the United States was 65.9 percent, compared to 61.3 percent for native-born individuals.

Statistic 33

Among foreign-born women in the US labor force in 2023, the participation rate was 57.2 percent versus 56.8 percent for native-born women.

Statistic 34

Foreign-born Hispanic immigrants had a labor force participation rate of 67.4 percent in the US in 2023.

Statistic 35

In 2022, the labor force participation rate for foreign-born Asian immigrants in the US was 64.1 percent.

Statistic 36

US foreign-born men from Mexico had a 78.5 percent labor force participation rate in 2022.

Statistic 37

In 2023, foreign-born Black immigrants in the US had a labor force participation rate of 62.3 percent.

Statistic 38

Labor force participation for foreign-born youth (16-24) in the US was 55.1 percent in 2023.

Statistic 39

In California, foreign-born labor force participation reached 67.2 percent in 2022.

Statistic 40

Foreign-born immigrants with less than high school education had 68.4 percent participation in US 2023.

Statistic 41

College-educated foreign-born had 72.5 percent labor force participation in US 2023.

Statistic 42

In 2023, foreign-born from Central America had 69.1 percent participation rate in US labor force.

Statistic 43

Foreign-born elderly (65+) participation was 18.7 percent in US 2023.

Statistic 44

In New York, immigrant labor force participation was 63.4 percent in 2022.

Statistic 45

Foreign-born STEM workers had 74.2 percent participation in 2022 US data.

Statistic 46

Undocumented immigrants' participation rate estimated at 70.3 percent in 2022 US.

Statistic 47

Foreign-born refugees had 58.9 percent participation after 5 years in US 2022.

Statistic 48

In Texas, foreign-born participation was 68.7 percent in 2023.

Statistic 49

Foreign-born with English proficiency had 66.5 percent participation US 2023.

Statistic 50

Recent immigrants (arrived 2018-2023) participation 64.8 percent US.

Statistic 51

Long-term immigrants (pre-2000) participation 62.1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 52

Foreign-born in Midwest US had 63.2 percent participation 2022.

Statistic 53

In Florida, immigrant participation rate was 66.9 percent 2023.

Statistic 54

Foreign-born disabled immigrants participation 45.3 percent US 2022.

Statistic 55

H-1B visa holders participation near 100 percent in first year US 2023.

Statistic 56

Family-sponsored immigrants participation 61.7 percent US 2023.

Statistic 57

In 2023, foreign-born prime-age (25-54) participation was 71.4 percent US.

Statistic 58

Foreign-born from India participation 70.2 percent US 2022.

Statistic 59

In Illinois, immigrant participation 65.1 percent 2023.

Statistic 60

Foreign-born veterans participation 54.3 percent US 2022.

Statistic 61

Overall foreign-born participation in Northeast US 64.7 percent 2023.

Statistic 62

In 2023, 17.1 percent of US construction workers were foreign-born.

Statistic 63

Foreign-born represented 36.2 percent of US agriculture workers in 2023.

Statistic 64

25.4 percent of building cleaners foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 65

Foreign-born in food service 21.7 percent US 2023.

Statistic 66

US software developers 28.9 percent foreign-born 2022.

Statistic 67

19.3 percent of taxi drivers foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 68

Foreign-born nurses 16.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 69

Grounds maintenance 29.1 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 70

California agriculture 62.3 percent foreign-born workers 2022.

Statistic 71

Foreign-born in management 12.4 percent US 2023.

Statistic 72

US physicians 25.8 percent foreign-born 2022.

Statistic 73

Retail salespersons 14.7 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 74

Manufacturing laborers 22.6 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 75

New York hospitality 34.5 percent foreign-born 2022.

Statistic 76

Foreign-born truck drivers 15.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 77

Texas construction 28.7 percent foreign-born 2023.

Statistic 78

Janitors 32.1 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 79

Florida agriculture 45.6 percent foreign-born 2023.

Statistic 80

Engineers 23.4 percent foreign-born US 2022.

Statistic 81

Cashiers 17.8 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 82

Foreign-born in healthcare support 18.9 percent US 2023.

Statistic 83

Midwest manufacturing 19.2 percent foreign-born 2022.

Statistic 84

Maids 41.3 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 85

Illinois construction 26.4 percent foreign-born 2023.

Statistic 86

Computer occupations 27.6 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 87

Landscaping 38.7 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 88

Northeast service occupations 24.1 percent foreign-born 2023.

Statistic 89

Foreign-born meat processing 35.2 percent US 2022.

Statistic 90

Stockers 16.9 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 91

Foreign-born accountants 14.3 percent US 2023.

Statistic 92

Roofers 29.8 percent foreign-born US 2023.

Statistic 93

US foreign-born unemployment rate was 3.9 percent in 2023, lower than native-born 4.1 percent.

Statistic 94

Foreign-born men unemployment 3.7 percent US 2023.

Statistic 95

Foreign-born women unemployment 4.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 96

Hispanic foreign-born unemployment 4.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 97

Asian foreign-born unemployment 3.2 percent US 2022.

Statistic 98

Mexican-born unemployment 4.8 percent US 2022.

Statistic 99

Foreign-born Black unemployment 5.6 percent US 2023.

Statistic 100

Foreign-born youth unemployment 8.1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 101

California foreign-born unemployment 4.0 percent 2022.

Statistic 102

Less-than-high-school foreign-born unemployment 5.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 103

College-educated foreign-born unemployment 2.4 percent US 2023.

Statistic 104

Central American-born unemployment 5.0 percent US 2023.

Statistic 105

Elderly foreign-born unemployment 6.3 percent US 2023.

Statistic 106

New York immigrant unemployment 4.9 percent 2022.

Statistic 107

Foreign-born STEM unemployment 1.8 percent US 2022.

Statistic 108

Undocumented unemployment 4.7 percent US 2022.

Statistic 109

Refugee unemployment after 5 years 4.1 percent US 2022.

Statistic 110

Texas foreign-born unemployment 3.8 percent 2023.

Statistic 111

English-proficient foreign-born unemployment 3.5 percent US 2023.

Statistic 112

Recent immigrants unemployment 5.3 percent US 2023.

Statistic 113

Long-term immigrants unemployment 3.4 percent US 2023.

Statistic 114

Midwest foreign-born unemployment 3.9 percent 2022.

Statistic 115

Florida immigrant unemployment 3.6 percent 2023.

Statistic 116

Disabled foreign-born unemployment 9.2 percent US 2022.

Statistic 117

H-1B unemployment under 1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 118

Family-sponsored unemployment 4.0 percent US 2023.

Statistic 119

Prime-age foreign-born unemployment 3.2 percent US 2023.

Statistic 120

Indian-born unemployment 2.9 percent US 2022.

Statistic 121

Illinois immigrant unemployment 4.3 percent 2023.

Statistic 122

Foreign-born veteran unemployment 4.6 percent US 2022.

Statistic 123

Northeast foreign-born unemployment 4.1 percent US 2023.

Statistic 124

Median weekly earnings for foreign-born full-time workers in US 2023 was $1,024, 84 percent of native-born $1,216.

Statistic 125

Foreign-born men median earnings $1,098 US 2023, native $1,295.

Statistic 126

Foreign-born women earnings $912 weekly US 2023, native $1,024.

Statistic 127

Hispanic foreign-born median $890 weekly US 2023.

Statistic 128

Asian foreign-born earnings $1,345 weekly US 2022.

Statistic 129

Mexican-born median earnings $824 US 2022.

Statistic 130

Foreign-born Black earnings $956 US 2023.

Statistic 131

Foreign-born youth median $745 US 2023.

Statistic 132

California foreign-born median earnings $1,056 2022.

Statistic 133

Less-educated foreign-born earnings $678 weekly US 2023.

Statistic 134

College foreign-born earnings $1,678 US 2023.

Statistic 135

Central American earnings $812 US 2023.

Statistic 136

Elderly foreign-born earnings $789 US 2023.

Statistic 137

New York immigrant median $1,123 2022.

Statistic 138

STEM foreign-born earnings $1,923 US 2022.

Statistic 139

Undocumented median earnings $745 US 2022.

Statistic 140

Refugee earnings after 5 years $956 US 2022.

Statistic 141

Texas foreign-born median $945 2023.

Statistic 142

English-proficient foreign-born $1,056 US 2023.

Statistic 143

Recent immigrants earnings $912 US 2023.

Statistic 144

Long-term immigrants $1,034 US 2023.

Statistic 145

Midwest foreign-born median $978 2022.

Statistic 146

Florida immigrant earnings $967 2023.

Statistic 147

Disabled foreign-born earnings $789 US 2022.

Statistic 148

H-1B median earnings $2,345 US 2023.

Statistic 149

Family-sponsored earnings $989 US 2023.

Statistic 150

Prime-age foreign-born $1,123 US 2023.

Statistic 151

Indian-born earnings $1,789 US 2022.

Statistic 152

Illinois immigrant median $1,012 2023.

Statistic 153

Foreign-born veteran earnings $1,056 US 2022.

Statistic 154

Northeast foreign-born median $1,145 US 2023.

Sources
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Gabrielle Fontaine

Written by Gabrielle Fontaine·Edited by Nikolas Papadopoulos·Fact-checked by Rebecca Hargrove

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 5, 2026
Fact-checked via 4-step process
01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

For foreign-born workers, the labor market is tightening but not equalizing, with employment at 63.5 percent in 2023 compared with 59.2 percent for native-born. Employment also tracks sharply with age, language, and job pathways, from college-educated foreign-born at 70.1 percent to elderly participation around 17.2 percent, and from English-proficient rates at 64.1 percent to refugee employment after five years sitting at 56.4 percent. Alongside these gaps, unemployment stays relatively low overall, yet earnings still lag native workers, making the dataset a useful way to see who is getting in, who is stuck, and what sectors are drawing the biggest share.

Key Takeaways

  • In 2023, US employment rate for foreign-born was 63.5 percent versus 59.2 percent for native-born.
  • Foreign-born men employment rate 69.8 percent in US 2023.
  • Employment rate for foreign-born women in US reached 55.4 percent 2023.
  • In 2023, the labor force participation rate for foreign-born individuals aged 16 and over in the United States was 65.9 percent, compared to 61.3 percent for native-born individuals.
  • Among foreign-born women in the US labor force in 2023, the participation rate was 57.2 percent versus 56.8 percent for native-born women.
  • Foreign-born Hispanic immigrants had a labor force participation rate of 67.4 percent in the US in 2023.
  • In 2023, 17.1 percent of US construction workers were foreign-born.
  • Foreign-born represented 36.2 percent of US agriculture workers in 2023.
  • 25.4 percent of building cleaners foreign-born US 2023.
  • US foreign-born unemployment rate was 3.9 percent in 2023, lower than native-born 4.1 percent.
  • Foreign-born men unemployment 3.7 percent US 2023.
  • Foreign-born women unemployment 4.2 percent US 2023.
  • Median weekly earnings for foreign-born full-time workers in US 2023 was $1,024, 84 percent of native-born $1,216.
  • Foreign-born men median earnings $1,098 US 2023, native $1,295.
  • Foreign-born women earnings $912 weekly US 2023, native $1,024.

In 2023, foreign born employment outpaced native rates but earnings and participation varied widely.

Employment Statistics

1In 2023, US employment rate for foreign-born was 63.5 percent versus 59.2 percent for native-born.
Single source
2Foreign-born men employment rate 69.8 percent in US 2023.
Verified
3Employment rate for foreign-born women in US reached 55.4 percent 2023.
Single source
4Hispanic foreign-born employment rate 65.2 percent US 2023.
Single source
5Asian foreign-born employment 62.7 percent in US 2022.
Verified
6Mexican-born employment rate 67.1 percent US 2022.
Verified
7Foreign-born Black employment 59.8 percent US 2023.
Verified
8Youth foreign-born employment 52.3 percent US 2023.
Verified
9California foreign-born employment 64.9 percent 2022.
Single source
10Less-educated foreign-born employment 64.2 percent US 2023.
Verified
11College-educated foreign-born employment 70.1 percent US 2023.
Verified
12Central American-born employment 66.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
13Elderly foreign-born employment 17.2 percent US 2023.
Directional
14New York immigrant employment 61.3 percent 2022.
Verified
15Foreign-born STEM employment 71.8 percent US 2022.
Directional
16Undocumented employment rate 67.9 percent US 2022.
Verified
17Refugee employment after 5 years 56.4 percent US 2022.
Verified
18Texas foreign-born employment 66.2 percent 2023.
Verified
19English-proficient foreign-born employment 64.1 percent US 2023.
Verified
20Recent arrivals employment 61.9 percent US 2023.
Verified
21Long-term immigrants employment 60.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
22Midwest foreign-born employment 61.0 percent 2022.
Verified
23Florida immigrant employment 64.5 percent 2023.
Verified
24Disabled foreign-born employment 42.7 percent US 2022.
Verified
25H-1B employment rate 98.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
26Family-sponsored employment 59.2 percent US 2023.
Directional
27Prime-age foreign-born employment 69.0 percent US 2023.
Directional
28Indian-born employment 67.8 percent US 2022.
Verified
29Illinois immigrant employment 62.7 percent 2023.
Verified
30Foreign-born veteran employment 51.9 percent US 2022.
Directional
31Northeast foreign-born employment 62.4 percent US 2023.
Verified

Employment Statistics Interpretation

The data suggests that the American work ethic is often an imported one, with immigrants—from the highly skilled to the undocumented, from new arrivals to long-term residents—consistently outworking the native-born, proving that the hustle doesn't just happen here, it arrives here.

Labor Force Participation

1In 2023, the labor force participation rate for foreign-born individuals aged 16 and over in the United States was 65.9 percent, compared to 61.3 percent for native-born individuals.
Verified
2Among foreign-born women in the US labor force in 2023, the participation rate was 57.2 percent versus 56.8 percent for native-born women.
Directional
3Foreign-born Hispanic immigrants had a labor force participation rate of 67.4 percent in the US in 2023.
Directional
4In 2022, the labor force participation rate for foreign-born Asian immigrants in the US was 64.1 percent.
Directional
5US foreign-born men from Mexico had a 78.5 percent labor force participation rate in 2022.
Verified
6In 2023, foreign-born Black immigrants in the US had a labor force participation rate of 62.3 percent.
Directional
7Labor force participation for foreign-born youth (16-24) in the US was 55.1 percent in 2023.
Verified
8In California, foreign-born labor force participation reached 67.2 percent in 2022.
Directional
9Foreign-born immigrants with less than high school education had 68.4 percent participation in US 2023.
Verified
10College-educated foreign-born had 72.5 percent labor force participation in US 2023.
Verified
11In 2023, foreign-born from Central America had 69.1 percent participation rate in US labor force.
Verified
12Foreign-born elderly (65+) participation was 18.7 percent in US 2023.
Verified
13In New York, immigrant labor force participation was 63.4 percent in 2022.
Verified
14Foreign-born STEM workers had 74.2 percent participation in 2022 US data.
Verified
15Undocumented immigrants' participation rate estimated at 70.3 percent in 2022 US.
Verified
16Foreign-born refugees had 58.9 percent participation after 5 years in US 2022.
Verified
17In Texas, foreign-born participation was 68.7 percent in 2023.
Verified
18Foreign-born with English proficiency had 66.5 percent participation US 2023.
Verified
19Recent immigrants (arrived 2018-2023) participation 64.8 percent US.
Verified
20Long-term immigrants (pre-2000) participation 62.1 percent US 2023.
Verified
21Foreign-born in Midwest US had 63.2 percent participation 2022.
Verified
22In Florida, immigrant participation rate was 66.9 percent 2023.
Directional
23Foreign-born disabled immigrants participation 45.3 percent US 2022.
Verified
24H-1B visa holders participation near 100 percent in first year US 2023.
Verified
25Family-sponsored immigrants participation 61.7 percent US 2023.
Directional
26In 2023, foreign-born prime-age (25-54) participation was 71.4 percent US.
Verified
27Foreign-born from India participation 70.2 percent US 2022.
Verified
28In Illinois, immigrant participation 65.1 percent 2023.
Verified
29Foreign-born veterans participation 54.3 percent US 2022.
Verified
30Overall foreign-born participation in Northeast US 64.7 percent 2023.
Verified

Labor Force Participation Interpretation

The data paints a clear and often overlooked picture: whether chasing opportunity or fleeing hardship, immigrants are statistically more likely to be actively contributing to the American economy than their native-born counterparts, a fact that should temper both political rhetoric and coffee shop grumbling.

Occupational Distribution

1In 2023, 17.1 percent of US construction workers were foreign-born.
Verified
2Foreign-born represented 36.2 percent of US agriculture workers in 2023.
Verified
325.4 percent of building cleaners foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
4Foreign-born in food service 21.7 percent US 2023.
Verified
5US software developers 28.9 percent foreign-born 2022.
Verified
619.3 percent of taxi drivers foreign-born US 2023.
Single source
7Foreign-born nurses 16.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
8Grounds maintenance 29.1 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Single source
9California agriculture 62.3 percent foreign-born workers 2022.
Verified
10Foreign-born in management 12.4 percent US 2023.
Verified
11US physicians 25.8 percent foreign-born 2022.
Directional
12Retail salespersons 14.7 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
13Manufacturing laborers 22.6 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
14New York hospitality 34.5 percent foreign-born 2022.
Verified
15Foreign-born truck drivers 15.2 percent US 2023.
Single source
16Texas construction 28.7 percent foreign-born 2023.
Verified
17Janitors 32.1 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
18Florida agriculture 45.6 percent foreign-born 2023.
Single source
19Engineers 23.4 percent foreign-born US 2022.
Verified
20Cashiers 17.8 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Directional
21Foreign-born in healthcare support 18.9 percent US 2023.
Single source
22Midwest manufacturing 19.2 percent foreign-born 2022.
Directional
23Maids 41.3 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
24Illinois construction 26.4 percent foreign-born 2023.
Verified
25Computer occupations 27.6 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Single source
26Landscaping 38.7 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified
27Northeast service occupations 24.1 percent foreign-born 2023.
Verified
28Foreign-born meat processing 35.2 percent US 2022.
Single source
29Stockers 16.9 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Single source
30Foreign-born accountants 14.3 percent US 2023.
Verified
31Roofers 29.8 percent foreign-born US 2023.
Verified

Occupational Distribution Interpretation

While our national identity may be debated in the abstract, the reality is that immigrants are quite literally the concrete, code, and care that builds and maintains America.

Unemployment Statistics

1US foreign-born unemployment rate was 3.9 percent in 2023, lower than native-born 4.1 percent.
Single source
2Foreign-born men unemployment 3.7 percent US 2023.
Directional
3Foreign-born women unemployment 4.2 percent US 2023.
Directional
4Hispanic foreign-born unemployment 4.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
5Asian foreign-born unemployment 3.2 percent US 2022.
Verified
6Mexican-born unemployment 4.8 percent US 2022.
Single source
7Foreign-born Black unemployment 5.6 percent US 2023.
Verified
8Foreign-born youth unemployment 8.1 percent US 2023.
Verified
9California foreign-born unemployment 4.0 percent 2022.
Verified
10Less-than-high-school foreign-born unemployment 5.2 percent US 2023.
Verified
11College-educated foreign-born unemployment 2.4 percent US 2023.
Verified
12Central American-born unemployment 5.0 percent US 2023.
Single source
13Elderly foreign-born unemployment 6.3 percent US 2023.
Verified
14New York immigrant unemployment 4.9 percent 2022.
Verified
15Foreign-born STEM unemployment 1.8 percent US 2022.
Verified
16Undocumented unemployment 4.7 percent US 2022.
Verified
17Refugee unemployment after 5 years 4.1 percent US 2022.
Verified
18Texas foreign-born unemployment 3.8 percent 2023.
Verified
19English-proficient foreign-born unemployment 3.5 percent US 2023.
Verified
20Recent immigrants unemployment 5.3 percent US 2023.
Verified
21Long-term immigrants unemployment 3.4 percent US 2023.
Verified
22Midwest foreign-born unemployment 3.9 percent 2022.
Verified
23Florida immigrant unemployment 3.6 percent 2023.
Verified
24Disabled foreign-born unemployment 9.2 percent US 2022.
Single source
25H-1B unemployment under 1 percent US 2023.
Directional
26Family-sponsored unemployment 4.0 percent US 2023.
Verified
27Prime-age foreign-born unemployment 3.2 percent US 2023.
Verified
28Indian-born unemployment 2.9 percent US 2022.
Verified
29Illinois immigrant unemployment 4.3 percent 2023.
Directional
30Foreign-born veteran unemployment 4.6 percent US 2022.
Verified
31Northeast foreign-born unemployment 4.1 percent US 2023.
Verified

Unemployment Statistics Interpretation

The data suggests that while immigrants as a whole are industriously powering the economy, their success is sharply stratified by visa class, education, and integration time, proving that the American dream is alive but not equally distributed.

Wage Statistics

1Median weekly earnings for foreign-born full-time workers in US 2023 was $1,024, 84 percent of native-born $1,216.
Verified
2Foreign-born men median earnings $1,098 US 2023, native $1,295.
Verified
3Foreign-born women earnings $912 weekly US 2023, native $1,024.
Directional
4Hispanic foreign-born median $890 weekly US 2023.
Verified
5Asian foreign-born earnings $1,345 weekly US 2022.
Verified
6Mexican-born median earnings $824 US 2022.
Verified
7Foreign-born Black earnings $956 US 2023.
Verified
8Foreign-born youth median $745 US 2023.
Verified
9California foreign-born median earnings $1,056 2022.
Verified
10Less-educated foreign-born earnings $678 weekly US 2023.
Verified
11College foreign-born earnings $1,678 US 2023.
Directional
12Central American earnings $812 US 2023.
Single source
13Elderly foreign-born earnings $789 US 2023.
Verified
14New York immigrant median $1,123 2022.
Single source
15STEM foreign-born earnings $1,923 US 2022.
Verified
16Undocumented median earnings $745 US 2022.
Verified
17Refugee earnings after 5 years $956 US 2022.
Verified
18Texas foreign-born median $945 2023.
Verified
19English-proficient foreign-born $1,056 US 2023.
Single source
20Recent immigrants earnings $912 US 2023.
Verified
21Long-term immigrants $1,034 US 2023.
Verified
22Midwest foreign-born median $978 2022.
Verified
23Florida immigrant earnings $967 2023.
Verified
24Disabled foreign-born earnings $789 US 2022.
Verified
25H-1B median earnings $2,345 US 2023.
Single source
26Family-sponsored earnings $989 US 2023.
Verified
27Prime-age foreign-born $1,123 US 2023.
Verified
28Indian-born earnings $1,789 US 2022.
Verified
29Illinois immigrant median $1,012 2023.
Verified
30Foreign-born veteran earnings $1,056 US 2022.
Directional
31Northeast foreign-born median $1,145 US 2023.
Verified

Wage Statistics Interpretation

The data paints a sobering picture: while skilled immigrant professionals can out-earn their native counterparts, the system still runs on the discount labor of the less educated, undocumented, and newly arrived, who are often paid in pennies for the pounds of work they provide.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

Cite This Report

This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.

APA
Gabrielle Fontaine. (2026, February 13). Immigrant Labor Force Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/immigrant-labor-force-statistics
MLA
Gabrielle Fontaine. "Immigrant Labor Force Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/immigrant-labor-force-statistics.
Chicago
Gabrielle Fontaine. 2026. "Immigrant Labor Force Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/immigrant-labor-force-statistics.

Sources & References

  • BLS logo
    Reference 1
    BLS
    bls.gov

    bls.gov

  • PEWRESEARCH logo
    Reference 2
    PEWRESEARCH
    pewresearch.org

    pewresearch.org

  • MIGRATIONPOLICY logo
    Reference 3
    MIGRATIONPOLICY
    migrationpolicy.org

    migrationpolicy.org

  • PPIC logo
    Reference 4
    PPIC
    ppic.org

    ppic.org

  • NYC logo
    Reference 5
    NYC
    nyc.gov

    nyc.gov

  • NSF logo
    Reference 6
    NSF
    nsf.gov

    nsf.gov

  • DALLASFED logo
    Reference 7
    DALLASFED
    dallasfed.org

    dallasfed.org

  • CENSUS logo
    Reference 8
    CENSUS
    census.gov

    census.gov

  • EPI logo
    Reference 9
    EPI
    epi.org

    epi.org

  • FLORIDAPOLICY logo
    Reference 10
    FLORIDAPOLICY
    floridapolicy.org

    floridapolicy.org

  • USCIS logo
    Reference 11
    USCIS
    uscis.gov

    uscis.gov

  • ILLINOIS logo
    Reference 12
    ILLINOIS
    illinois.gov

    illinois.gov

  • VA logo
    Reference 13
    VA
    va.gov

    va.gov

  • AAMC logo
    Reference 14
    AAMC
    aamc.org

    aamc.org

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