GITNUXREPORT 2026

Housing Affordability Statistics

Housing prices and rents continue to rise, straining affordability and stretching household budgets.

Rajesh Patel

Team Lead & Senior Researcher with over 15 years of experience in market research and data analytics.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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The US housing affordability index fell to 91.8 in Q2 2024, the lowest since 1985, per NAR.

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Harvard JCHS's 2024 affordability index shows only 22.2% of metros affordable for median income.

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Demographia's 2024 International Housing Affordability Survey: US median price-to-income ratio 4.1.

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In 2023, the national home price-to-income ratio reached 5.6, per National Association of Realtors.

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Urban Institute's 2024 data: affordability gap requires 120% AMI for homeownership in many areas.

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The rent-to-income ratio nationally averaged 28.5% in 2023 per Census.

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Moody's 2024 Housing Affordability Index at 18.5, down from 25 in 2020.

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In Q1 2024, NAR's affordability index was 100.2, meaning median income covers median home at 25% costs.

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Joint Center for Housing Studies reports price-to-income ratio hit 5.2 in 2023 for US.

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Redfin's affordability measure: homes affordable to 18% of households in 2024 vs 33% in 2020.

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The 30% affordability threshold: 15.7 million renter households cost-burdened in 2022 per HUD.

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National Low Income Housing Coalition's 2024 Out of Reach: no county affordable for min wage worker.

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In 2023, homeownership affordability required $102,000 income nationally per Redfin.

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Zillow's affordability index dropped to 42 in 2024, lowest in decades.

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Census ACS 2022: price-to-rent ratio nationally 22.1, indicating buy vs rent decision.

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Attom's 2023 seriously underwater homes at 1.2%, but affordability strained by payments.

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First American's 2024 affordability index at 102 for Q2, barely affordable.

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In Q2 2024, the US median home sales price rose to $417,700, up 4.2% year-over-year, making it 7.3 times the median household income.

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The Case-Shiller Home Price Index increased by 5.8% in May 2024 compared to May 2023, reaching 318.4 points.

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Zillow's Observed Home Value Index hit $357,000 nationally in June 2024, a 2.7% YoY gain amid affordability challenges.

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FHFA House Price Index for Q1 2024 showed a 6.3% annual increase, with the national index at 432.5.

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In 2023, US home prices appreciated by 5.1% on average, per the All-Transactions House Price Index from FRED.

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Redfin's Home Price Index reported a median US sale price of $431,000 in July 2024, up 1.4% YoY.

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CoreLogic's Home Price Insights for May 2024 indicated a 5.2% YoY rise to a national average of $390,000.

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The national median listing price on Realtor.com was $440,000 in July 2024, 30% above pre-pandemic levels.

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S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller 10-City Composite Index rose 6.2% YoY in June 2024 to 322.1.

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US home values grew by 1.5% in the past year per Zillow, with typical value at $347,627 as of August 2024.

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In 2023, average US home price was $417,700 per NAR, affordability at 40-year low.

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Freddie Mac's Conventional Conforming 30-Year Fixed Mortgage Index-linked prices up 4.9% in H1 2024.

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Black Knight's Home Monthly Index showed 5.4% YoY price growth in June 2024.

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Attom Data's Q2 2024 report: median home sales price $403,700, up 2.7% YoY.

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First American's Real House Price Index declined 1.2% in Q2 2024 due to rising incomes outpacing prices slightly.

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In 2022, US median home price surged 10% to $392,900 amid low inventory.

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Moody's Analytics Home Price Index for US was up 4.1% YoY in July 2024.

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National Association of Home Builders' pricing data shows new home median $407,500 in June 2024.

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Trulia's July 2024 index: typical home value $362,000, up 2.1% YoY.

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FNC Residential Price Index rose 5.0% YoY in May 2024.

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In Q1 2024, median US home price per Census was $417,700, 4.8% above Q1 2023.

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Veros RealtyTrac Q2 2024: average sales price $418,000, up 3.2%.

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US median household income was $74,580 in 2023, while qualifying mortgage income needed $112,000.

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Pew Research 2024: 42% of US adults say can't afford home in their area due to income-prices gap.

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In 2023, median renter income $43,000 vs $1,400 rent, 32% burden per Census.

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Federal Reserve's 2023 SHED: 37% of adults skipped needs due to housing costs exceeding income growth.

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BLS data: housing costs rose 5.2% in 2023 while wages up 4.1%, squeezing affordability.

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Urban Institute 2024: Black households need 2.5x white median income for same home.

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Median income for homeowners $112,000 vs renters $45,000 in 2023 per NAR.

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Harvard JCHS 2024 SHMA: cost-burdened households rose to 49.7 million, income lagging costs.

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In 2022, 22.4 million households spent >30% income on housing, per Census ASEC.

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Moody's 2024: income growth 3.8% vs home price 5.2%, affordability down 15%.

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Redfin 2024: $100k income buys 40% less home than in 2020 due to rates/income stasis.

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Joint Economic Committee 2023: housing costs consume 34% of median income vs 28% in 2001.

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In Q2 2024, mortgage payment on median home 35% of median income per NAR.

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Census 2023: real median household income $77,719, up 4% but housing up 6%.

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National Housing Conference 2024: gap between income growth (3%) and rents (4.5%) widens.

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Canada Toronto price-to-income 9.7 in 2024, worst North America.

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Australia Sydney median multiple 13.8, grossly unaffordable per Demographia.

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UK London house price to earnings 9.3 in 2023 per ONS.

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Hong Kong affordability ratio 19.8 in 2024, world's worst.

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Germany median price-to-income 8.7 in major cities 2023.

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India Mumbai ratio 25.1, extremely unaffordable.

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New Zealand Auckland 10.2 multiple in 2024.

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Spain Madrid rents up 10% YoY to €1,200, burden 40%.

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France Paris price-to-income 14.5 in 2023.

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Japan Tokyo ratio 12.2, high but stable.

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In California, median home price $815,000 in July 2024, 9.2x median income.

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New York metro median sales price $670,000 in Q2 2024, affordability index 45.

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Texas average rent $1,595 in 2024, up 5% YoY, straining young families.

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Florida home prices median $415,000 June 2024, 6.1x income per Demographia.

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Midwest affordability best: Minneapolis price-to-income 3.2 in 2024.

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Northeast rent burden 35% of income in Boston, highest regional per HUD.

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Southwest: Phoenix median home $435,000, up 4% YoY July 2024.

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Southeast: Atlanta rents $1,795 median, 30% income share.

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West Coast: Seattle affordability index 68 in Q2 2024 per NAR regional.

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Mountain West: Denver price-to-income 5.8, severely unaffordable.

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Pacific: San Francisco median $1.3M, 10.5x income 2024.

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South: Nashville homes $430,000 median, rent $1,700.

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Midwest: Chicago 2-bed rent $2,100, burden 32% income.

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Northeast: Philadelphia affordability better at 4.1 ratio.

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The median rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the US reached $1,487 in August 2024, up 2.5% YoY.

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National average rent was $1,721 per month in Q2 2024 per Rent.com, a 1.8% increase from 2023.

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Zumper's National Rent Report for August 2024: median rent $1,694, flat YoY but up 20% from 2021.

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Apartment List's September 2024 report: US median rent $1,505, down 0.4% YoY after peaking.

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Realtor.com's July 2024 Rental Report: national median rent $1,999, up 3.2% YoY for single-family homes.

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RentCafe's 2024 data: average US rent $1,721, with 1-bedrooms at $1,503.

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CoreLogic's Single-Family Rental Index rose 3.5% YoY to $2,300 median in Q2 2024.

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In 2023, national median gross rent was $1,367 per Census ACS data.

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Redfin's August 2024 rent data: typical US rent $1,640, down 1% YoY.

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HUD's 2023 Fair Market Rents: 2-bedroom national average $1,484.

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Zillow's Observed Rent Index: $1,978 for all homes in July 2024, up 1.2% YoY.

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Attom Data Q2 2024: average single-family rent $2,098, up 4.1% YoY.

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National multifamily vacancy rate influenced rents, median $1,650 in H1 2024 per NMHC.

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Rent prices for studios averaged $1,384 nationally in 2024 per Rent.com.

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3-bedroom rents hit $2,036 median in August 2024, up 2.8% YoY per Zumper.

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US rent growth slowed to 0.9% YoY in Q3 2024 per RealPage Analytics.

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Median rent in top 50 metros was $1,800 in July 2024, per Apartment List.

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Single-family home rents rose 4.5% to $2,100 average in 2023 per CoreLogic.

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US active single-family inventory was 410,000 homes in July 2024, 3.3 months supply.

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NAR's July 2024: existing-home inventory up 20% YoY to 1.32 million units, still low.

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New home inventory at 481,000 units in July 2024, 8.9 months supply per Census.

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Multifamily housing starts fell 20% YoY in H1 2024 to 300,000 units per Census.

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Zillow 2024: for-sale inventory 15.6% below normal, driving price pressure.

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Builder confidence index at 42 in August 2024, lowest since 2020 per NAHB.

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Under-construction homes: 579,000 single-family in Q2 2024, down 5% YoY.

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Rental vacancy rate 6.8% in Q2 2024, up from 6.6% per Census.

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Homeowner vacancy rate steady at 0.9% in 2023, tight market per Census.

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Permits for new single-family homes: 927,000 annualized in July 2024, up 3%.

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Redfin: homes sold in 2 weeks median in July 2024, 44% over asking.

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CoreLogic 2024: months' supply at 3.1 for sales, historically low.

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Completions of new single-family homes: 1.01 million annualized Q2 2024.

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Zillow rental inventory up 10% YoY but still 20% below pre-pandemic.

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NAHB/Wells Fargo HMI: lot supply tight, 60% builders report shortages.

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Attom Q2 2024: institutional investors bought 16% of single-family homes.

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Pending home sales up 5.2% in June 2024 but inventory lags demand.

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Multifamily vacancy 7.1% national average in Q2 2024 per CBRE.

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Imagine that in today's housing market, the price of the typical American home is now a staggering 7.3 times the median household income.

Key Takeaways

In Q2 2024, the US median home sales price rose to $417,700, up 4.2% year-over-year, making it 7.3 times the median household income.
The Case-Shiller Home Price Index increased by 5.8% in May 2024 compared to May 2023, reaching 318.4 points.
Zillow's Observed Home Value Index hit $357,000 nationally in June 2024, a 2.7% YoY gain amid affordability challenges.
The median rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the US reached $1,487 in August 2024, up 2.5% YoY.
National average rent was $1,721 per month in Q2 2024 per Rent.com, a 1.8% increase from 2023.
Zumper's National Rent Report for August 2024: median rent $1,694, flat YoY but up 20% from 2021.
The US housing affordability index fell to 91.8 in Q2 2024, the lowest since 1985, per NAR.
Harvard JCHS's 2024 affordability index shows only 22.2% of metros affordable for median income.
Demographia's 2024 International Housing Affordability Survey: US median price-to-income ratio 4.1.
US median household income was $74,580 in 2023, while qualifying mortgage income needed $112,000.
Pew Research 2024: 42% of US adults say can't afford home in their area due to income-prices gap.
In 2023, median renter income $43,000 vs $1,400 rent, 32% burden per Census.
US active single-family inventory was 410,000 homes in July 2024, 3.3 months supply.
NAR's July 2024: existing-home inventory up 20% YoY to 1.32 million units, still low.
New home inventory at 481,000 units in July 2024, 8.9 months supply per Census.

Housing prices and rents continue to rise, straining affordability and stretching household budgets.

Affordability Ratios

The US housing affordability index fell to 91.8 in Q2 2024, the lowest since 1985, per NAR.
Harvard JCHS's 2024 affordability index shows only 22.2% of metros affordable for median income.
Demographia's 2024 International Housing Affordability Survey: US median price-to-income ratio 4.1.
In 2023, the national home price-to-income ratio reached 5.6, per National Association of Realtors.
Urban Institute's 2024 data: affordability gap requires 120% AMI for homeownership in many areas.
The rent-to-income ratio nationally averaged 28.5% in 2023 per Census.
Moody's 2024 Housing Affordability Index at 18.5, down from 25 in 2020.
In Q1 2024, NAR's affordability index was 100.2, meaning median income covers median home at 25% costs.
Joint Center for Housing Studies reports price-to-income ratio hit 5.2 in 2023 for US.
Redfin's affordability measure: homes affordable to 18% of households in 2024 vs 33% in 2020.
The 30% affordability threshold: 15.7 million renter households cost-burdened in 2022 per HUD.
National Low Income Housing Coalition's 2024 Out of Reach: no county affordable for min wage worker.
In 2023, homeownership affordability required $102,000 income nationally per Redfin.
Zillow's affordability index dropped to 42 in 2024, lowest in decades.
Census ACS 2022: price-to-rent ratio nationally 22.1, indicating buy vs rent decision.
Attom's 2023 seriously underwater homes at 1.2%, but affordability strained by payments.
First American's 2024 affordability index at 102 for Q2, barely affordable.

Affordability Ratios Interpretation

From coast to coast, the American Dream of homeownership has officially upgraded its price tag to "absurdly unaffordable," leaving budgets shattered and aspirations deferred in a market where median incomes now qualify as a form of poetic irony.

Home Price Indices

In Q2 2024, the US median home sales price rose to $417,700, up 4.2% year-over-year, making it 7.3 times the median household income.
The Case-Shiller Home Price Index increased by 5.8% in May 2024 compared to May 2023, reaching 318.4 points.
Zillow's Observed Home Value Index hit $357,000 nationally in June 2024, a 2.7% YoY gain amid affordability challenges.
FHFA House Price Index for Q1 2024 showed a 6.3% annual increase, with the national index at 432.5.
In 2023, US home prices appreciated by 5.1% on average, per the All-Transactions House Price Index from FRED.
Redfin's Home Price Index reported a median US sale price of $431,000 in July 2024, up 1.4% YoY.
CoreLogic's Home Price Insights for May 2024 indicated a 5.2% YoY rise to a national average of $390,000.
The national median listing price on Realtor.com was $440,000 in July 2024, 30% above pre-pandemic levels.
S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller 10-City Composite Index rose 6.2% YoY in June 2024 to 322.1.
US home values grew by 1.5% in the past year per Zillow, with typical value at $347,627 as of August 2024.
In 2023, average US home price was $417,700 per NAR, affordability at 40-year low.
Freddie Mac's Conventional Conforming 30-Year Fixed Mortgage Index-linked prices up 4.9% in H1 2024.
Black Knight's Home Monthly Index showed 5.4% YoY price growth in June 2024.
Attom Data's Q2 2024 report: median home sales price $403,700, up 2.7% YoY.
First American's Real House Price Index declined 1.2% in Q2 2024 due to rising incomes outpacing prices slightly.
In 2022, US median home price surged 10% to $392,900 amid low inventory.
Moody's Analytics Home Price Index for US was up 4.1% YoY in July 2024.
National Association of Home Builders' pricing data shows new home median $407,500 in June 2024.
Trulia's July 2024 index: typical home value $362,000, up 2.1% YoY.
FNC Residential Price Index rose 5.0% YoY in May 2024.
In Q1 2024, median US home price per Census was $417,700, 4.8% above Q1 2023.
Veros RealtyTrac Q2 2024: average sales price $418,000, up 3.2%.

Home Price Indices Interpretation

Every index is singing the same maddening, unattainable tune: the price of the American Dream has become a runaway ballad, leaving incomes far behind in the cheap seats.

Income vs Housing Costs

US median household income was $74,580 in 2023, while qualifying mortgage income needed $112,000.
Pew Research 2024: 42% of US adults say can't afford home in their area due to income-prices gap.
In 2023, median renter income $43,000 vs $1,400 rent, 32% burden per Census.
Federal Reserve's 2023 SHED: 37% of adults skipped needs due to housing costs exceeding income growth.
BLS data: housing costs rose 5.2% in 2023 while wages up 4.1%, squeezing affordability.
Urban Institute 2024: Black households need 2.5x white median income for same home.
Median income for homeowners $112,000 vs renters $45,000 in 2023 per NAR.
Harvard JCHS 2024 SHMA: cost-burdened households rose to 49.7 million, income lagging costs.
In 2022, 22.4 million households spent >30% income on housing, per Census ASEC.
Moody's 2024: income growth 3.8% vs home price 5.2%, affordability down 15%.
Redfin 2024: $100k income buys 40% less home than in 2020 due to rates/income stasis.
Joint Economic Committee 2023: housing costs consume 34% of median income vs 28% in 2001.
In Q2 2024, mortgage payment on median home 35% of median income per NAR.
Census 2023: real median household income $77,719, up 4% but housing up 6%.
National Housing Conference 2024: gap between income growth (3%) and rents (4.5%) widens.

Income vs Housing Costs Interpretation

The American Dream is now on layaway, as incomes increasingly wave a white flag at housing prices that have declared war on affordability.

International Comparisons

Canada Toronto price-to-income 9.7 in 2024, worst North America.
Australia Sydney median multiple 13.8, grossly unaffordable per Demographia.
UK London house price to earnings 9.3 in 2023 per ONS.
Hong Kong affordability ratio 19.8 in 2024, world's worst.
Germany median price-to-income 8.7 in major cities 2023.
India Mumbai ratio 25.1, extremely unaffordable.
New Zealand Auckland 10.2 multiple in 2024.
Spain Madrid rents up 10% YoY to €1,200, burden 40%.
France Paris price-to-income 14.5 in 2023.
Japan Tokyo ratio 12.2, high but stable.

International Comparisons Interpretation

These numbers reveal a global housing crisis where a map of "affordability" is now just a list of places where a normal income means you're priced out of your own city.

Regional Variations

In California, median home price $815,000 in July 2024, 9.2x median income.
New York metro median sales price $670,000 in Q2 2024, affordability index 45.
Texas average rent $1,595 in 2024, up 5% YoY, straining young families.
Florida home prices median $415,000 June 2024, 6.1x income per Demographia.
Midwest affordability best: Minneapolis price-to-income 3.2 in 2024.
Northeast rent burden 35% of income in Boston, highest regional per HUD.
Southwest: Phoenix median home $435,000, up 4% YoY July 2024.
Southeast: Atlanta rents $1,795 median, 30% income share.
West Coast: Seattle affordability index 68 in Q2 2024 per NAR regional.
Mountain West: Denver price-to-income 5.8, severely unaffordable.
Pacific: San Francisco median $1.3M, 10.5x income 2024.
South: Nashville homes $430,000 median, rent $1,700.
Midwest: Chicago 2-bed rent $2,100, burden 32% income.
Northeast: Philadelphia affordability better at 4.1 ratio.

Regional Variations Interpretation

The American dream of homeownership is increasingly a regional lottery, where your financial fate seems sealed by your zip code as prices soar from the Pacific to the Atlantic, leaving the Midwest as the last bastion of a bygone affordability.

Rent Levels

The median rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the US reached $1,487 in August 2024, up 2.5% YoY.
National average rent was $1,721 per month in Q2 2024 per Rent.com, a 1.8% increase from 2023.
Zumper's National Rent Report for August 2024: median rent $1,694, flat YoY but up 20% from 2021.
Apartment List's September 2024 report: US median rent $1,505, down 0.4% YoY after peaking.
Realtor.com's July 2024 Rental Report: national median rent $1,999, up 3.2% YoY for single-family homes.
RentCafe's 2024 data: average US rent $1,721, with 1-bedrooms at $1,503.
CoreLogic's Single-Family Rental Index rose 3.5% YoY to $2,300 median in Q2 2024.
In 2023, national median gross rent was $1,367 per Census ACS data.
Redfin's August 2024 rent data: typical US rent $1,640, down 1% YoY.
HUD's 2023 Fair Market Rents: 2-bedroom national average $1,484.
Zillow's Observed Rent Index: $1,978 for all homes in July 2024, up 1.2% YoY.
Attom Data Q2 2024: average single-family rent $2,098, up 4.1% YoY.
National multifamily vacancy rate influenced rents, median $1,650 in H1 2024 per NMHC.
Rent prices for studios averaged $1,384 nationally in 2024 per Rent.com.
3-bedroom rents hit $2,036 median in August 2024, up 2.8% YoY per Zumper.
US rent growth slowed to 0.9% YoY in Q3 2024 per RealPage Analytics.
Median rent in top 50 metros was $1,800 in July 2024, per Apartment List.
Single-family home rents rose 4.5% to $2,100 average in 2023 per CoreLogic.

Rent Levels Interpretation

It is a statistical clown car of conflicting rent reports, but every one of them confirms you will need a roommate, a second job, or a trust fund to afford an address.

Supply and Demand Metrics

US active single-family inventory was 410,000 homes in July 2024, 3.3 months supply.
NAR's July 2024: existing-home inventory up 20% YoY to 1.32 million units, still low.
New home inventory at 481,000 units in July 2024, 8.9 months supply per Census.
Multifamily housing starts fell 20% YoY in H1 2024 to 300,000 units per Census.
Zillow 2024: for-sale inventory 15.6% below normal, driving price pressure.
Builder confidence index at 42 in August 2024, lowest since 2020 per NAHB.
Under-construction homes: 579,000 single-family in Q2 2024, down 5% YoY.
Rental vacancy rate 6.8% in Q2 2024, up from 6.6% per Census.
Homeowner vacancy rate steady at 0.9% in 2023, tight market per Census.
Permits for new single-family homes: 927,000 annualized in July 2024, up 3%.
Redfin: homes sold in 2 weeks median in July 2024, 44% over asking.
CoreLogic 2024: months' supply at 3.1 for sales, historically low.
Completions of new single-family homes: 1.01 million annualized Q2 2024.
Zillow rental inventory up 10% YoY but still 20% below pre-pandemic.
NAHB/Wells Fargo HMI: lot supply tight, 60% builders report shortages.
Attom Q2 2024: institutional investors bought 16% of single-family homes.
Pending home sales up 5.2% in June 2024 but inventory lags demand.
Multifamily vacancy 7.1% national average in Q2 2024 per CBRE.

Supply and Demand Metrics Interpretation

With one hand builders are losing confidence and slowing down, while with the other institutional investors are scooping up a sixth of the market, leaving everyday buyers to wrestle over a shrinking pool of homes that still sells in a frantic two weeks for 44% over asking.