While production figures are falling, a quiet revolution is surging within the European automotive industry, as evidenced by a 40% spike in electric vehicle output amidst a backdrop of overall decline.
Key Takeaways
- In 2022, the EU produced 12.9 million passenger cars, marking a 6.5% decline from 2021 due to supply chain disruptions.
- Germany led EU passenger car production in 2022 with 4.1 million units, accounting for 31.8% of total EU output.
- EU commercial vehicle production reached 2.3 million units in 2022, down 8.2% year-over-year.
- New passenger car registrations in the EU reached 10.5 million units in 2022, down 8.8% from 2021.
- Germany had 2.9 million new car registrations in 2022, 27.6% of EU total.
- Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) accounted for 11.9% of new EU car registrations in 2022, up from 9.1% in 2021.
- The EU automotive sector employed 13.8 million people directly and indirectly in 2022.
- Germany hosts 868,000 direct automotive jobs, 30% of EU total in 2022.
- Automotive manufacturing supports 6.5 million jobs in EU manufacturing.
- EU automotive R&D spending reached €65 billion in 2022.
- Germany invested €32 billion in auto R&D in 2022, 49% of EU total.
- EU patents in automotive tech: 45,000 filed in 2022.
- EU vehicle exports totaled €160 billion in 2022.
- Germany exported €125 billion in vehicles in 2022, 78% of EU total.
- EU automotive trade surplus was €87 billion in 2022.
Europe's automotive industry declined overall in 2022, but electric vehicle production surged significantly.
Employment and Labor
- The EU automotive sector employed 13.8 million people directly and indirectly in 2022.
- Germany hosts 868,000 direct automotive jobs, 30% of EU total in 2022.
- Automotive manufacturing supports 6.5 million jobs in EU manufacturing.
- France has 550,000 automotive employees, including suppliers.
- EU auto R&D employs 380,000 highly skilled workers.
- Spain's automotive workforce totals 450,000 in 2022.
- Italy employs 510,000 in automotive sector.
- Poland's auto industry jobs grew to 220,000 in 2022.
- Czech Republic has 140,000 automotive jobs.
- Slovakia employs 120,000 in vehicle manufacturing.
- EU auto suppliers provide 4.5 million jobs.
- Romania automotive employment: 110,000 workers.
- Hungary has 85,000 auto sector jobs.
- Sweden's auto jobs: 140,000 including suppliers.
- Belgium employs 55,000 in automotive.
- Netherlands: 45,000 auto-related jobs.
- Austria: 65,000 automotive employees.
- Portugal: 70,000 jobs in auto industry.
- EU lost 100,000 auto jobs in 2022 due to chip shortage.
- Finland: 25,000 auto sector workers.
- Slovenia: 20,000 jobs in automotive.
- Greece: 15,000 automotive jobs.
- Denmark: 18,000 jobs.
- Bulgaria emerging with 10,000 auto jobs.
- Lithuania: 12,000 in auto manufacturing.
- Latvia: 8,000 jobs.
- Estonia: 5,000 automotive workers.
- Croatia: 10,000 jobs.
- Cyprus: minimal 2,000 auto jobs.
- Malta: under 1,000 jobs.
Employment and Labor Interpretation
While the EU's automotive engine is undeniably vast, employing 13.8 million souls from Germany's powerhouse to Cyprus's modest garage, the sobering loss of 100,000 jobs in a single year serves as a stark reminder that this colossal machine runs on more than just petrol and ambition.
Exports Imports and Economic Contribution
- EU vehicle exports totaled €160 billion in 2022.
- Germany exported €125 billion in vehicles in 2022, 78% of EU total.
- EU automotive trade surplus was €87 billion in 2022.
- France vehicle exports: €28 billion in 2022.
- EU imported €73 billion in vehicles from outside in 2022.
- Spain auto exports reached €32 billion.
- Automotive contributes 7% to EU total exports.
- Italy exported €25 billion in vehicles.
- EU parts exports: €120 billion in 2022.
- Czech Republic vehicle exports: €20 billion.
- Automotive VAT revenue in EU: €70 billion annually.
- Slovakia exports 95% of production, €15 billion.
- EU-China vehicle trade deficit €40 billion in 2022.
- Hungary exports €10 billion autos.
- Poland parts exports up 15% to €12 billion.
- Automotive GDP contribution in EU: 7% or €950 billion turnover.
- Romania exports €8 billion vehicles.
- Sweden exports €18 billion, mainly trucks.
- EU-US auto trade: €100 billion bilateral.
- Belgium exports €6 billion.
- Netherlands re-exports boost trade to €15 billion.
- Austria exports €7 billion autos.
- Portugal exports €5 billion.
- EU turnover from autos: €950 billion, 7% of EU GDP.
- Finland exports €4 billion.
- Corporate tax from autos: €45 billion EU-wide.
- Greece imports exceed exports, deficit €2 billion.
- EU supports 6.1 million supplier jobs via trade.
Exports Imports and Economic Contribution Interpretation
While Germany’s automotive engine drove a hefty €87 billion EU trade surplus in 2022, the €40 billion deficit with China reveals the continent is cruising comfortably in the slow lane of the global electric vehicle race.
Production and Output
- In 2022, the EU produced 12.9 million passenger cars, marking a 6.5% decline from 2021 due to supply chain disruptions.
- Germany led EU passenger car production in 2022 with 4.1 million units, accounting for 31.8% of total EU output.
- EU commercial vehicle production reached 2.3 million units in 2022, down 8.2% year-over-year.
- Spain was the second-largest EU car producer in 2022 with 2.2 million vehicles, up 4.1% from 2021.
- In Q1 2023, EU passenger car production fell to 2.7 million units, a 20.5% drop compared to Q1 2022.
- France produced 1.7 million passenger cars in 2022, representing 13.2% of EU total.
- EU battery electric vehicle (BEV) production surged 40% in 2022 to 1.4 million units.
- Italy's automotive production totaled 1.3 million units in 2022, down 12% from prior year.
- The Czech Republic produced 1.2 million vehicles in 2022, focusing heavily on passenger cars at 96% share.
- EU powertrain production in 2022 included 14.2 million engines, down 5.8%.
- Slovakia's vehicle output reached 1.0 million units in 2022, with 85% being passenger cars.
- In 2022, EU produced 2.1 million hybrid-electric vehicles, up 25% from 2021.
- Hungary manufactured 0.45 million vehicles in 2022, primarily premium brands.
- Poland's car production was 0.42 million units in 2022, down 15%.
- EU component suppliers produced parts worth €400 billion in 2022.
- Romania's automotive output grew 10% to 0.5 million vehicles in 2022.
- In 2021, EU passenger car production hit 13.8 million units before the 2022 decline.
- Sweden produced 0.25 million vehicles in 2022, focusing on heavy trucks.
- EU bus production was 28,000 units in 2022, stable from previous year.
- Portugal's vehicle production reached 0.35 million in 2022, up 5%.
- EU truck production totaled 0.32 million units in 2022, down 10%.
- Belgium produced 0.22 million vehicles in 2022, mainly vans.
- In 2023 H1, EU car production was 6.2 million units, -12% YoY.
- Austria's output was 0.15 million vehicles in 2022.
- EU electric vehicle production share reached 14% of total cars in 2022.
- Finland produced 0.08 million vehicles in 2022, niche markets.
- Slovenia's production was 0.25 million units in 2022.
- EU total vehicle production (PC+CV) was 15.2 million in 2022.
- Netherlands vehicle assembly was minimal at 0.02 million in 2022.
- EU OEMs invested €50 billion in new plants in 2022.
Production and Output Interpretation
Despite being hampered by supply chain headaches that stalled overall output, the EU auto industry in 2022 was a tale of two assembly lines: one frantically building a record surge of electric and hybrid vehicles to secure its future, while the other, producing traditional powertrains, sputtered under the weight of shortages and an uneven economic landscape across member states.
Research Development and Innovation
- EU automotive R&D spending reached €65 billion in 2022.
- Germany invested €32 billion in auto R&D in 2022, 49% of EU total.
- EU patents in automotive tech: 45,000 filed in 2022.
- France auto R&D budget: €8.5 billion in 2022.
- Battery tech R&D in EU: €10 billion invested 2022.
- Italy spent €6.2 billion on automotive innovation.
- EU Horizon Europe funds €1.5 billion for auto projects to 2027.
- Spain R&D in autos: €2.8 billion.
- Autonomous driving patents by EU firms: 12,000 in 2022.
- Sweden invests €2.1 billion in auto R&D.
- EU hydrogen fuel cell projects: 50+ active with €2 billion funding.
- Netherlands R&D spend: €1.2 billion.
- 25% of EU auto R&D now on electrification.
- Belgium: €0.9 billion R&D investment.
- EU AI in vehicles: 8,000 patents 2022.
- Poland auto R&D: €0.7 billion growing fast.
- Connected car tech R&D: €15 billion EU-wide.
- Austria: €1.1 billion.
- EU startups in auto tech: 1,200 funded €5 billion.
- Portugal R&D: €0.4 billion.
- Lightweight materials innovation: 10% cost reduction via EU projects.
- Czech R&D: €0.6 billion.
- EU cybersecurity auto patents: 5,000 in 2022.
- Slovakia: €0.3 billion investment.
- Software-defined vehicles R&D up 30% in EU.
- Hungary: €0.5 billion.
- Romania emerging R&D: €0.2 billion.
- EU total auto innovation centers: 450 across member states.
- Finland: €0.4 billion on cleantech autos.
- Greece: €0.1 billion R&D spend.
Research Development and Innovation Interpretation
While Germany is essentially building a second car industry out of patents and code, the rest of Europe is diligently wiring up the battery, teaching the cars to think, and trying to remember where they parked the hydrogen roadmap.
Vehicle Sales and Registrations
- New passenger car registrations in the EU reached 10.5 million units in 2022, down 8.8% from 2021.
- Germany had 2.9 million new car registrations in 2022, 27.6% of EU total.
- Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) accounted for 11.9% of new EU car registrations in 2022, up from 9.1% in 2021.
- France registered 1.9 million new passenger cars in 2022.
- EU hybrid-electric car registrations rose 21.1% to 1.6 million in 2022.
- Italy saw 1.5 million new car registrations in 2022, down 13.1%.
- Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) share was 8.7% of EU new sales in 2022.
- Spain registered 0.94 million new cars in 2022.
- In January 2023, EU new car registrations dropped 20% to 863,000 units.
- Belgium had 0.47 million new registrations in 2022.
- EU petrol car registrations fell to 3.5 million in 2022, 33.3% share.
- Netherlands registered 0.41 million new cars in 2022, BEV share 28%.
- Diesel registrations in EU were 1.6 million in 2022, down to 15.3% share.
- Sweden's new car sales totaled 0.28 million in 2022.
- EU new van registrations reached 1.6 million in 2022, -7.1%.
- Poland registered 0.41 million new passenger cars in 2022.
- BEV registrations in EU hit 1.36 million in 2022.
- Austria had 0.32 million new car registrations in 2022.
- EU fleet registrations (over 22kg) were 0.75 million in 2022.
- Portugal registered 0.20 million new cars in 2022.
- In 2023, EU car sales up 14.6% in April to 965,000 units.
- Czech Republic new registrations: 0.20 million in 2022.
- EU new truck registrations: 0.28 million in 2022, -9.2%.
- Denmark: 0.14 million new cars in 2022.
- EU bus registrations: 23,000 units in 2022.
- Greece: 0.11 million new registrations in 2022.
- Hungary: 0.13 million new cars in 2022.
- Romania: 0.15 million new registrations in 2022.
- Finland: 0.11 million new cars in 2022.
Vehicle Sales and Registrations Interpretation
Despite an overall market slump of nearly 9% and a dreadful January, the EU’s automotive story in 2022 was a quiet revolution, where nearly one in ten new cars was a fully electric vehicle and Germany still drove a quarter of all sales, proving that while Europe is buying fewer cars, it is very slowly learning to buy smarter ones.
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