World Muslim Population Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

World Muslim Population Statistics

The World Muslim Population page puts today’s scale front and center with 2 billion Muslims worldwide in 2023 and 1.2 billion in Asia alone, a gap that reshapes how regions grow, age, and urbanize. It also tracks what comes next, including projections to 2.76 billion by 2050 and sharply different Muslim shares across Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

118 statistics5 sections8 min readUpdated 23 days ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

Asia is home to 1.2 billion Muslims, 62% of global total in 2020.

Statistic 2

Africa hosts 450 million Muslims, 25% of world Muslims in 2020.

Statistic 3

Middle East-North Africa has 300 million Muslims, 20% of global in 2015.

Statistic 4

Europe has 44 million Muslims, 5% of world Muslims in 2016.

Statistic 5

Latin America has 6 million Muslims, 0.3% of global in 2020.

Statistic 6

North America has 3.45 million Muslims in US/Canada combined, 0.2% global in 2017.

Statistic 7

Oceania has 800,000 Muslims, primarily in Australia/NZ, 0.04% global in 2020.

Statistic 8

South Asia has 600 million Muslims, 31% of world total in 2015.

Statistic 9

Southeast Asia has 240 million Muslims, 13% global in 2010.

Statistic 10

Central Asia has 71 million Muslims, 93% of regional population in 2010.

Statistic 11

Western Europe Muslim population projected to 7.4-14% by 2050.

Statistic 12

Sub-Saharan Africa Muslims 30% of 1.1 billion population in 2050 projection.

Statistic 13

Middle East 91% Muslim in 2010, expected to remain high.

Statistic 14

East Asia has 25 million Muslims, 1% of region, 1.5% global in 2010.

Statistic 15

Southern Europe has 8 million Muslims, 6% of region in 2010.

Statistic 16

Eastern Europe 6% Muslim in 2010, concentrated in Balkans/Russia.

Statistic 17

Northern Europe 5.9% Muslim projected by 2050 in high migration scenario.

Statistic 18

Caribbean has 250,000 Muslims, negligible % globally.

Statistic 19

South America Muslims 5 million total, 0.3% region.

Statistic 20

Pacific Islands 50,000 Muslims, mostly Fiji/Indonesia diaspora.

Statistic 21

Western Asia (Middle East) 88% Muslim, 179 million in 2010.

Statistic 22

North Africa 95% Muslim average across countries in 2020.

Statistic 23

East Africa 33% Muslim in coastal areas like Tanzania/Kenya.

Statistic 24

West Africa 55% Muslim average in 2020 estimates.

Statistic 25

Central Europe <1% Muslim, mainly immigrants.

Statistic 26

Indonesia has 229 million Muslims, largest national population, 87% of country in 2023.

Statistic 27

Pakistan 225 million Muslims, 96.5% of population in 2023.

Statistic 28

India 200 million Muslims, 14.2% of population in 2023 census estimates.

Statistic 29

Bangladesh 153 million Muslims, 90.4% of population in 2023.

Statistic 30

Nigeria 107 million Muslims, 53.5% of population in 2023.

Statistic 31

Egypt 95.1 million Muslims, 90% of population in 2023.

Statistic 32

Turkey 84.3 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.

Statistic 33

Iran 82.5 million Muslims, 99.4% Shia majority in 2023.

Statistic 34

Algeria 44.1 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.

Statistic 35

Iraq 41.2 million Muslims, 97% of population, 60-65% Shia in 2023.

Statistic 36

Sudan 40.0 million Muslims, 97% of population in 2023.

Statistic 37

Afghanistan 38.0 million Muslims, 99.7% of population in 2023.

Statistic 38

Morocco 36.7 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.

Statistic 39

Saudi Arabia 34.8 million Muslims, 93% of population including migrants in 2023.

Statistic 40

Uzbekistan 34.2 million Muslims, 96.7% of population in 2023.

Statistic 41

Yemen 33.0 million Muslims, 99.1% of population in 2023.

Statistic 42

Malaysia 22.6 million Muslims, 63.5% of population in 2023.

Statistic 43

Niger 24.5 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.

Statistic 44

Mali 22.5 million Muslims, 95% of population in 2023.

Statistic 45

Syria 21.4 million Muslims, 87% of population in 2023.

Statistic 46

Kazakhstan 19.0 million Muslims, 70.2% of population in 2023.

Statistic 47

Burkina Faso 18.5 million Muslims, 63.8% of population in 2023.

Statistic 48

Senegal 17.6 million Muslims, 97.2% of population in 2023.

Statistic 49

United States 3.45 million Muslims, 1.1% of population in 2017.

Statistic 50

Ethiopia 34 million Muslims, 33.9% of population in 2023.

Statistic 51

Global Muslim fertility rate 3.1 children per woman in 1990-1995, declining to 2.9 by 2010-2015.

Statistic 52

50% of global Muslims under age 24 in 2015.

Statistic 53

Female Muslims worldwide have a literacy rate of 67% as of 2010.

Statistic 54

Urbanization rate among Muslims rose to 52% by 2020 globally.

Statistic 55

Median age for Muslims in MENA is 25.7 years in 2020.

Statistic 56

In Europe, Muslim median age is 30.4 years vs 43.8 for non-Muslims in 2016.

Statistic 57

Global Shia Muslims have higher fertility rate of 3.0 vs Sunni 2.8 in 2010.

Statistic 58

62% of Muslim women aged 15-49 married by age 18 in South Asia.

Statistic 59

Life expectancy for Muslims globally averages 67 years in 2015.

Statistic 60

Youth bulge: 20% of Muslims aged 15-24 globally in 2015.

Statistic 61

Gender ratio among Muslims 102 males/100 females in 2010.

Statistic 62

Higher education among Muslim adults: 10% globally in 2010.

Statistic 63

Polygamy practiced by 2-3% of Muslim men in sub-Saharan Africa.

Statistic 64

Obesity rate among Muslim women higher in Gulf states at 35%.

Statistic 65

Unemployment rate for young Muslims 25% in MENA 2020.

Statistic 66

Divorce rate low among Muslims at 1.6 per 1000 globally.

Statistic 67

Interfaith marriage rare, 7% of Muslims married non-Muslims in US.

Statistic 68

Disability prevalence 12% among Muslim populations in Pakistan.

Statistic 69

Elderly Muslims (65+) only 5% of global Muslim pop in 2015.

Statistic 70

By 2050, Muslims projected to number 2.76 billion worldwide.

Statistic 71

Muslims to equal Christians at 2.9 billion each by 2060.

Statistic 72

Global Muslim share to rise from 23.2% in 2010 to 29.7% by 2050.

Statistic 73

Asia Muslims to grow to 1.5 billion by 2050.

Statistic 74

Sub-Saharan Africa Muslims to 670 million by 2050.

Statistic 75

Europe Muslims to 7.4% (58 million) by 2050 zero migration scenario.

Statistic 76

High migration: Europe Muslims 14% (75 million) by 2050.

Statistic 77

US Muslims to 2.1% (8.1 million) by 2050.

Statistic 78

India Muslims to surpass Indonesia by 2050 at 311 million.

Statistic 79

Pakistan Muslims to 403 million by 2050, largest then.

Statistic 80

Nigeria Muslims to 235 million by 2050.

Statistic 81

Muslim fertility to converge to 2.3 by 2045-2050.

Statistic 82

Life expectancy for Muslims to rise to 71 years by 2030-2035.

Statistic 83

Switching into Islam net gain of 420,000 annually to 2050.

Statistic 84

MENA Muslims to grow 73% by 2050 to 517 million.

Statistic 85

Indonesia Muslims to 239 million by 2030, stable %.

Statistic 86

Global Muslim growth rate to slow to 1.5% annually by 2030-2035.

Statistic 87

By 2100, Muslims could be 35% of world population.

Statistic 88

Africa to have more Muslims than Asia by 2070 projection.

Statistic 89

Europe's Muslim % from 4.9% in 2016 to 11.2% medium migration by 2050.

Statistic 90

As of 2020, the global Muslim population is estimated at 1.9 billion, representing 24.1% of the world's total population of 7.9 billion.

Statistic 91

In 2015, there were approximately 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, making up 24% of the global population.

Statistic 92

The Muslim population grew from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 1.8 billion in 2015, at an annual growth rate of 1.8%.

Statistic 93

Between 2010 and 2015, Islam was the fastest-growing major religion, with a 73% increase in adherents since 1970.

Statistic 94

Muslims accounted for 26% of the global newborn population in 2015.

Statistic 95

The median age of Muslims worldwide in 2015 was 24 years, compared to the global median of 28 years.

Statistic 96

In 2020, Islam is projected to have grown by 347 million adherents since 2010.

Statistic 97

Muslims represent 73% of the population in the Middle East-North Africa region as of 2010.

Statistic 98

The global fertility rate for Muslim women was 2.9 children per woman in 2010-2015.

Statistic 99

By 2050, Muslims are projected to make up 30% of the world's population.

Statistic 100

In 1950, there were 231 million Muslims worldwide, growing to 1.6 billion by 2010.

Statistic 101

Asia-Pacific hosts 62% of the world's Muslims as of 2015.

Statistic 102

Sub-Saharan Africa had 248 million Muslims in 2010, 30% of the region's population.

Statistic 103

Europe had 44.1 million Muslims in 2010, 6% of its population.

Statistic 104

The Americas had 5.2 million Muslims in 2010, 0.4% of the population.

Statistic 105

Oceania had 385,000 Muslims in 2010, 1% of the population.

Statistic 106

Muslims in Asia numbered 1.0 billion in 2010, 24% of the region's population.

Statistic 107

The global Muslim population growth rate from 1990-2000 was 2.9% annually.

Statistic 108

In 2010, 317 million Muslims lived in countries where they form less than 10% of the population.

Statistic 109

87% of the world's Muslims live in countries where Islam is the majority religion.

Statistic 110

The 50 Muslim-majority countries house 75% of the global Muslim population as of 2010.

Statistic 111

In 2023, the world Muslim population reached 2 billion.

Statistic 112

Muslims comprise 25% of the global population in 2023 estimates.

Statistic 113

From 2015-2020, Muslim population growth averaged 1.84% per year globally.

Statistic 114

In 2010, the global Muslim sex ratio was 103 males per 100 females.

Statistic 115

Urban Muslims worldwide increased from 29% in 1990 to 40% in 2010.

Statistic 116

Literacy rate among Muslim adults was 71% in 2010 globally.

Statistic 117

80% of global Muslims are Sunni, 15-20% Shia as of 2020.

Statistic 118

Ahmadiyya Muslims number about 10-20 million worldwide in 2020.

Sources
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Megan Gallagher

Written by Megan Gallagher·Edited by Julian Richter·Fact-checked by Sarah Mitchell

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 5, 2026
Fact-checked via 4-step process
01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

As of 2023, the world’s Muslim population is estimated at 2 billion, about 25 percent of humanity, with growth that is increasingly driven by Africa and parts of Asia. But the picture is uneven by region. Asia holds 1.2 billion Muslims while Europe has about 44 million, and the projections suggest Europe’s share could climb sharply by 2050 under migration scenarios.

Key Takeaways

  • Asia is home to 1.2 billion Muslims, 62% of global total in 2020.
  • Africa hosts 450 million Muslims, 25% of world Muslims in 2020.
  • Middle East-North Africa has 300 million Muslims, 20% of global in 2015.
  • Indonesia has 229 million Muslims, largest national population, 87% of country in 2023.
  • Pakistan 225 million Muslims, 96.5% of population in 2023.
  • India 200 million Muslims, 14.2% of population in 2023 census estimates.
  • Ethiopia 34 million Muslims, 33.9% of population in 2023.
  • Global Muslim fertility rate 3.1 children per woman in 1990-1995, declining to 2.9 by 2010-2015.
  • 50% of global Muslims under age 24 in 2015.
  • By 2050, Muslims projected to number 2.76 billion worldwide.
  • Muslims to equal Christians at 2.9 billion each by 2060.
  • Global Muslim share to rise from 23.2% in 2010 to 29.7% by 2050.
  • As of 2020, the global Muslim population is estimated at 1.9 billion, representing 24.1% of the world's total population of 7.9 billion.
  • In 2015, there were approximately 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, making up 24% of the global population.
  • The Muslim population grew from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 1.8 billion in 2015, at an annual growth rate of 1.8%.

In 2020, Muslims were about 1.9 billion worldwide, led by Asia and projected to reach 2.76 billion by 2050.

Related reading

By Continent/Region

1Asia is home to 1.2 billion Muslims, 62% of global total in 2020.
Single source
2Africa hosts 450 million Muslims, 25% of world Muslims in 2020.
Verified
3Middle East-North Africa has 300 million Muslims, 20% of global in 2015.
Verified
4Europe has 44 million Muslims, 5% of world Muslims in 2016.
Verified
5Latin America has 6 million Muslims, 0.3% of global in 2020.
Verified
6North America has 3.45 million Muslims in US/Canada combined, 0.2% global in 2017.
Directional
7Oceania has 800,000 Muslims, primarily in Australia/NZ, 0.04% global in 2020.
Verified
8South Asia has 600 million Muslims, 31% of world total in 2015.
Verified
9Southeast Asia has 240 million Muslims, 13% global in 2010.
Verified
10Central Asia has 71 million Muslims, 93% of regional population in 2010.
Verified
11Western Europe Muslim population projected to 7.4-14% by 2050.
Single source
12Sub-Saharan Africa Muslims 30% of 1.1 billion population in 2050 projection.
Single source
13Middle East 91% Muslim in 2010, expected to remain high.
Verified
14East Asia has 25 million Muslims, 1% of region, 1.5% global in 2010.
Verified
15Southern Europe has 8 million Muslims, 6% of region in 2010.
Directional
16Eastern Europe 6% Muslim in 2010, concentrated in Balkans/Russia.
Verified
17Northern Europe 5.9% Muslim projected by 2050 in high migration scenario.
Verified
18Caribbean has 250,000 Muslims, negligible % globally.
Single source
19South America Muslims 5 million total, 0.3% region.
Directional
20Pacific Islands 50,000 Muslims, mostly Fiji/Indonesia diaspora.
Verified
21Western Asia (Middle East) 88% Muslim, 179 million in 2010.
Verified
22North Africa 95% Muslim average across countries in 2020.
Verified
23East Africa 33% Muslim in coastal areas like Tanzania/Kenya.
Verified
24West Africa 55% Muslim average in 2020 estimates.
Verified
25Central Europe <1% Muslim, mainly immigrants.
Verified

By Continent/Region Interpretation

While Asia rightly claims the global Muslim heartland, the faith’s demographic tapestry is a sprawling, intricate mosaic where every thread—from the bustling cities of Southeast Asia to the growing communities of the West—challenges any simplistic, monolithic narrative.

By Country

1Indonesia has 229 million Muslims, largest national population, 87% of country in 2023.
Directional
2Pakistan 225 million Muslims, 96.5% of population in 2023.
Single source
3India 200 million Muslims, 14.2% of population in 2023 census estimates.
Verified
4Bangladesh 153 million Muslims, 90.4% of population in 2023.
Verified
5Nigeria 107 million Muslims, 53.5% of population in 2023.
Verified
6Egypt 95.1 million Muslims, 90% of population in 2023.
Verified
7Turkey 84.3 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.
Directional
8Iran 82.5 million Muslims, 99.4% Shia majority in 2023.
Verified
9Algeria 44.1 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.
Verified
10Iraq 41.2 million Muslims, 97% of population, 60-65% Shia in 2023.
Single source
11Sudan 40.0 million Muslims, 97% of population in 2023.
Verified
12Afghanistan 38.0 million Muslims, 99.7% of population in 2023.
Verified
13Morocco 36.7 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.
Single source
14Saudi Arabia 34.8 million Muslims, 93% of population including migrants in 2023.
Verified
15Uzbekistan 34.2 million Muslims, 96.7% of population in 2023.
Verified
16Yemen 33.0 million Muslims, 99.1% of population in 2023.
Directional
17Malaysia 22.6 million Muslims, 63.5% of population in 2023.
Verified
18Niger 24.5 million Muslims, 99% of population in 2023.
Verified
19Mali 22.5 million Muslims, 95% of population in 2023.
Verified
20Syria 21.4 million Muslims, 87% of population in 2023.
Verified
21Kazakhstan 19.0 million Muslims, 70.2% of population in 2023.
Verified
22Burkina Faso 18.5 million Muslims, 63.8% of population in 2023.
Verified
23Senegal 17.6 million Muslims, 97.2% of population in 2023.
Verified
24United States 3.45 million Muslims, 1.1% of population in 2017.
Verified

By Country Interpretation

Despite Indonesia's demographic supremacy, the heart of the Muslim world beats across a remarkably diverse and often politically pivotal landscape, from Nigeria's evenly split populace to India's immense minority and the near-unanimous majorities stretching from Morocco to Afghanistan.

More related reading

Demographics

1Ethiopia 34 million Muslims, 33.9% of population in 2023.
Verified
2Global Muslim fertility rate 3.1 children per woman in 1990-1995, declining to 2.9 by 2010-2015.
Directional
350% of global Muslims under age 24 in 2015.
Single source
4Female Muslims worldwide have a literacy rate of 67% as of 2010.
Verified
5Urbanization rate among Muslims rose to 52% by 2020 globally.
Verified
6Median age for Muslims in MENA is 25.7 years in 2020.
Verified
7In Europe, Muslim median age is 30.4 years vs 43.8 for non-Muslims in 2016.
Single source
8Global Shia Muslims have higher fertility rate of 3.0 vs Sunni 2.8 in 2010.
Verified
962% of Muslim women aged 15-49 married by age 18 in South Asia.
Verified
10Life expectancy for Muslims globally averages 67 years in 2015.
Verified
11Youth bulge: 20% of Muslims aged 15-24 globally in 2015.
Verified
12Gender ratio among Muslims 102 males/100 females in 2010.
Directional
13Higher education among Muslim adults: 10% globally in 2010.
Verified
14Polygamy practiced by 2-3% of Muslim men in sub-Saharan Africa.
Single source
15Obesity rate among Muslim women higher in Gulf states at 35%.
Verified
16Unemployment rate for young Muslims 25% in MENA 2020.
Verified
17Divorce rate low among Muslims at 1.6 per 1000 globally.
Verified
18Interfaith marriage rare, 7% of Muslims married non-Muslims in US.
Verified
19Disability prevalence 12% among Muslim populations in Pakistan.
Verified
20Elderly Muslims (65+) only 5% of global Muslim pop in 2015.
Verified

Demographics Interpretation

The global Muslim community is both youthful and rapidly urbanizing, yet its progress is unevenly distributed, marked by resilient family structures but challenged by significant gaps in female literacy and economic opportunity.

Future Projections

1By 2050, Muslims projected to number 2.76 billion worldwide.
Verified
2Muslims to equal Christians at 2.9 billion each by 2060.
Verified
3Global Muslim share to rise from 23.2% in 2010 to 29.7% by 2050.
Verified
4Asia Muslims to grow to 1.5 billion by 2050.
Verified
5Sub-Saharan Africa Muslims to 670 million by 2050.
Verified
6Europe Muslims to 7.4% (58 million) by 2050 zero migration scenario.
Verified
7High migration: Europe Muslims 14% (75 million) by 2050.
Verified
8US Muslims to 2.1% (8.1 million) by 2050.
Verified
9India Muslims to surpass Indonesia by 2050 at 311 million.
Verified
10Pakistan Muslims to 403 million by 2050, largest then.
Verified
11Nigeria Muslims to 235 million by 2050.
Single source
12Muslim fertility to converge to 2.3 by 2045-2050.
Single source
13Life expectancy for Muslims to rise to 71 years by 2030-2035.
Verified
14Switching into Islam net gain of 420,000 annually to 2050.
Verified
15MENA Muslims to grow 73% by 2050 to 517 million.
Verified
16Indonesia Muslims to 239 million by 2030, stable %.
Directional
17Global Muslim growth rate to slow to 1.5% annually by 2030-2035.
Single source
18By 2100, Muslims could be 35% of world population.
Verified
19Africa to have more Muslims than Asia by 2070 projection.
Single source
20Europe's Muslim % from 4.9% in 2016 to 11.2% medium migration by 2050.
Directional

Future Projections Interpretation

Projections suggest the global religious landscape is in for a dramatic, multi-generational remix, with Muslim populations poised to reshape demographic and cultural majorities from Karachi to Lagos, all while their growth rate gradually decelerates and the world collectively ages.

More related reading

Global Overview

1As of 2020, the global Muslim population is estimated at 1.9 billion, representing 24.1% of the world's total population of 7.9 billion.
Verified
2In 2015, there were approximately 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, making up 24% of the global population.
Directional
3The Muslim population grew from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 1.8 billion in 2015, at an annual growth rate of 1.8%.
Verified
4Between 2010 and 2015, Islam was the fastest-growing major religion, with a 73% increase in adherents since 1970.
Directional
5Muslims accounted for 26% of the global newborn population in 2015.
Verified
6The median age of Muslims worldwide in 2015 was 24 years, compared to the global median of 28 years.
Single source
7In 2020, Islam is projected to have grown by 347 million adherents since 2010.
Verified
8Muslims represent 73% of the population in the Middle East-North Africa region as of 2010.
Verified
9The global fertility rate for Muslim women was 2.9 children per woman in 2010-2015.
Verified
10By 2050, Muslims are projected to make up 30% of the world's population.
Verified
11In 1950, there were 231 million Muslims worldwide, growing to 1.6 billion by 2010.
Verified
12Asia-Pacific hosts 62% of the world's Muslims as of 2015.
Verified
13Sub-Saharan Africa had 248 million Muslims in 2010, 30% of the region's population.
Directional
14Europe had 44.1 million Muslims in 2010, 6% of its population.
Verified
15The Americas had 5.2 million Muslims in 2010, 0.4% of the population.
Single source
16Oceania had 385,000 Muslims in 2010, 1% of the population.
Verified
17Muslims in Asia numbered 1.0 billion in 2010, 24% of the region's population.
Verified
18The global Muslim population growth rate from 1990-2000 was 2.9% annually.
Single source
19In 2010, 317 million Muslims lived in countries where they form less than 10% of the population.
Verified
2087% of the world's Muslims live in countries where Islam is the majority religion.
Verified
21The 50 Muslim-majority countries house 75% of the global Muslim population as of 2010.
Verified
22In 2023, the world Muslim population reached 2 billion.
Verified
23Muslims comprise 25% of the global population in 2023 estimates.
Single source
24From 2015-2020, Muslim population growth averaged 1.84% per year globally.
Directional
25In 2010, the global Muslim sex ratio was 103 males per 100 females.
Single source
26Urban Muslims worldwide increased from 29% in 1990 to 40% in 2010.
Verified
27Literacy rate among Muslim adults was 71% in 2010 globally.
Verified
2880% of global Muslims are Sunni, 15-20% Shia as of 2020.
Verified
29Ahmadiyya Muslims number about 10-20 million worldwide in 2020.
Verified

Global Overview Interpretation

While the world graises a collective brow at its own aging, the consistently young and growing Muslim population is politely but firmly reserving more seats at the global table, projected to claim nearly a third by 2050.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

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Chicago
Megan Gallagher. 2026. "World Muslim Population Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/world-muslim-population-statistics.

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