GITNUXREPORT 2026

Vietnam Beauty Industry Statistics

Vietnam's beauty market is rapidly expanding due to rising incomes and strong online sales growth.

Sarah Mitchell

Sarah Mitchell

Senior Researcher specializing in consumer behavior and market trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

Our Commitment to Accuracy

Rigorous fact-checking · Reputable sources · Regular updatesLearn more

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

L'Oréal holds 15% market share in Vietnam beauty industry 2023

Statistic 2

Shiseido commands 12% of skincare segment share in Vietnam

Statistic 3

The Face Shop leads K-beauty with 8% overall share Vietnam

Statistic 4

Unilever's Pond's brand has 10% in facial care Vietnam market

Statistic 5

Innisfree operates 150 stores in Vietnam as of 2023

Statistic 6

Guardian pharmacy chain sells 20% of mass beauty products Vietnam

Statistic 7

LG Household & Health Care's The History of Whoo premium share 5%

Statistic 8

Local brand Thorakao holds 7% in natural products Vietnam

Statistic 9

Watsons retail chain has 120 outlets beauty-focused Vietnam

Statistic 10

Maybelline New York leads mass color cosmetics 9% share

Statistic 11

Amway Vietnam beauty sales USD 100 million annually 2023

Statistic 12

Lotte Mart beauty aisles contribute 15% of store revenue Vietnam

Statistic 13

Estée Lauder group 6% premium fragrance share Vietnam

Statistic 14

Cocoon Vietnam brand grew 25% in vegan segment

Statistic 15

Shopee platform hosts 40% of online beauty sales Vietnam

Statistic 16

P&G's Olay skincare 8% share in mass market Vietnam

Statistic 17

Juno local brand leads affordable makeup 12% share

Statistic 18

Sephora opened 10 stores in Vietnam by 2023

Statistic 19

Colgate dominates oral care 45% share Vietnam beauty

Statistic 20

Lazada e-tail 25% beauty GMV share Vietnam 2023

Statistic 21

Yves Rocher natural brand 4% share growing fast Vietnam

Statistic 22

Big C hypermarket beauty sales up 18% YoY Vietnam

Statistic 23

Chanel No.5 top premium fragrance Vietnam sales

Statistic 24

Missha K-beauty 7% color cosmetics share Vietnam

Statistic 25

Aeon Mall beauty tenants generate USD 200M Vietnam

Statistic 26

Clean beauty brand The Body Shop 3.5% share Vietnam

Statistic 27

Tiki online 15% beauty market share Vietnam e-com

Statistic 28

Sulwhasoo premium skincare top seller Vietnam malls

Statistic 29

Women aged 18-35 represent 52% of beauty product consumers in Vietnam

Statistic 30

78% of Vietnamese women use skincare products daily in 2023

Statistic 31

Millennial consumers (25-40) account for 45% of beauty spending in Vietnam

Statistic 32

62% of urban Vietnamese men purchased grooming products in 2023

Statistic 33

Gen Z (under 25) drove 30% of makeup trial purchases via social media in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 34

55% of Vietnamese consumers prefer natural/organic beauty products

Statistic 35

Average frequency of beauty purchases is 4.2 times per month among Vietnamese women

Statistic 36

40% of beauty buyers in Vietnam are influenced by KOLs/influencers

Statistic 37

Rural consumers' beauty spending grew 22% YoY in 2023, representing 32% of total

Statistic 38

67% of Vietnamese aged 35+ prioritize anti-aging products

Statistic 39

Online beauty purchases by Vietnamese men rose 35% in 2023

Statistic 40

73% of beauty consumers in Vietnam read reviews before buying

Statistic 41

Vietnamese consumers spend average 25 minutes researching beauty products online

Statistic 42

48% of Gen Z Vietnamese use beauty apps for personalization

Statistic 43

Loyalty to beauty brands is 60% among Vietnamese over 40

Statistic 44

29% of beauty spending comes from households with children under 18

Statistic 45

Vietnamese beauty consumers aged 18-24 spend 15% more on makeup than average

Statistic 46

81% of urban women in Vietnam use sunscreen daily

Statistic 47

Impulse beauty buys account for 22% of purchases among Vietnamese shoppers

Statistic 48

54% of Vietnamese prefer Korean beauty brands due to trendiness

Statistic 49

Average basket size for beauty products in Vietnam supermarkets is USD 18

Statistic 50

35% of beauty consumers in Vietnam are vegan/plant-based focused

Statistic 51

Elderly (55+) beauty usage grew 12% with focus on health products

Statistic 52

Social media drives 50% of beauty discovery for Vietnamese youth

Statistic 53

In 2023, Vietnam's beauty and personal care market reached a value of USD 2.29 billion, marking a 7.8% year-on-year growth

Statistic 54

The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for Vietnam's cosmetics market from 2023 to 2028 is projected at 5.44%

Statistic 55

Vietnam's beauty market is expected to hit USD 2.98 billion by 2028, driven by rising disposable incomes

Statistic 56

Online sales accounted for 25% of Vietnam's beauty market revenue in 2023, up from 18% in 2020

Statistic 57

The skincare segment dominated Vietnam's beauty market with 42% share in 2023, valued at USD 962 million

Statistic 58

Vietnam beauty market grew by 12% in 2022 post-COVID recovery, reaching USD 2.1 billion

Statistic 59

Per capita spending on beauty products in Vietnam rose to USD 23 in 2023 from USD 19 in 2022

Statistic 60

Traditional trade channels held 55% of beauty sales in Vietnam in 2023

Statistic 61

Vietnam's natural cosmetics sub-market expanded 15% YoY in 2023 to USD 350 million

Statistic 62

Beauty market inflation in Vietnam averaged 6.5% in 2023 due to import costs

Statistic 63

Urban areas contributed 68% of Vietnam's beauty market revenue in 2023

Statistic 64

Vietnam beauty e-commerce grew 28% in 2023 to USD 572 million

Statistic 65

Fragrances segment in Vietnam grew 9.2% YoY in 2023 to USD 230 million

Statistic 66

Vietnam's beauty market penetration reached 85% of households in 2023

Statistic 67

Export value of Vietnamese beauty products hit USD 150 million in 2023

Statistic 68

Premium beauty segment in Vietnam surged 18% in 2023 to USD 450 million

Statistic 69

Mass market beauty products held 72% volume share in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 70

Beauty market CAGR in Hanoi was 8.1% from 2020-2023

Statistic 71

Ho Chi Minh City beauty sales grew 14% YoY to USD 1.2 billion in 2023

Statistic 72

Vietnam beauty imports totaled USD 1.8 billion in 2023, mainly from South Korea

Statistic 73

Local production of beauty products in Vietnam increased 11% to 450 million units in 2023

Statistic 74

Beauty retail outlets in Vietnam numbered 45,000 in 2023, up 10%

Statistic 75

Digital beauty sales via TikTok Shop reached USD 100 million in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 76

Vietnam beauty market share of ASEAN was 4.2% in 2023

Statistic 77

Inflation-adjusted growth of Vietnam beauty market was 4.5% in 2023

Statistic 78

65% of Vietnam's beauty market growth in 2023 came from tier 2 cities

Statistic 79

Beauty product manufacturing FDI in Vietnam hit USD 500 million in 2023

Statistic 80

Vietnam beauty market volume reached 1.2 billion units in 2023

Statistic 81

ASP for beauty products in Vietnam averaged USD 12 in 2023

Statistic 82

Beauty market recovery post-2022 was 110% of pre-COVID levels in Vietnam by 2023

Statistic 83

Skincare products hold 42% of total beauty sales volume in Vietnam

Statistic 84

Color cosmetics market in Vietnam valued at USD 380 million in 2023, growing 10%

Statistic 85

Hair care segment revenue reached USD 520 million in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 86

Fragrance sales in Vietnam grew to USD 230 million with 9% YoY increase

Statistic 87

Men's grooming products market size USD 150 million in 2023 Vietnam

Statistic 88

Nail care products saw 14% growth to USD 90 million in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 89

Oral care within beauty/personal care hit USD 450 million in Vietnam

Statistic 90

Sun care products revenue USD 120 million, 12% growth in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 91

Deodorants segment valued at USD 80 million, up 8% YoY Vietnam

Statistic 92

Premium skincare sub-segment USD 250 million in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 93

BB creams dominated color cosmetics with 25% share in Vietnam

Statistic 94

Shampoo volume sales 350 million units in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 95

Lipstick sales grew 11% to USD 50 million in Vietnam beauty market

Statistic 96

Body care products USD 300 million revenue Vietnam 2023

Statistic 97

Facial masks single-use sales 200 million packs in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 98

Perfume imports dominated 70% of fragrance market Vietnam

Statistic 99

Natural hair colorants grew 20% to USD 40 million Vietnam

Statistic 100

Eye makeup products USD 70 million in Vietnam 2023

Statistic 101

Bath and shower segment USD 180 million Vietnam beauty 2023

Statistic 102

Whitening creams hold 30% of skincare sales in Vietnam

Statistic 103

Razor and blades within grooming USD 25 million Vietnam

Statistic 104

Sheet masks accounted for 45% of mask category volume Vietnam

Statistic 105

Foundation makeup sales up 13% YoY USD 60 million Vietnam

Statistic 106

Conditioner products 180 million units sold Vietnam 2023

Statistic 107

Eau de parfum 55% share of fragrances Vietnam market

Statistic 108

65% of Vietnamese consumers seek clean beauty ingredients by 2025

Statistic 109

K-beauty influence drives 40% of new product launches Vietnam 2023

Statistic 110

Sustainability packaging adopted by 30% brands in Vietnam beauty

Statistic 111

Personalization via AI apps used by 25% young consumers Vietnam

Statistic 112

Vegan beauty products projected 20% CAGR to 2028 Vietnam

Statistic 113

Vietnam gov't regulates 500+ beauty ingredients since 2022 law

Statistic 114

AR try-on tools boosted conversion 35% e-com beauty Vietnam

Statistic 115

Wellness-integrated beauty (nutricosmetics) up 22% sales 2023

Statistic 116

Halal-certified beauty products demand rose 18% Vietnam Muslims

Statistic 117

Blue light protection skincare launched by 15 brands Vietnam 2023

Statistic 118

E-commerce live streaming sales 30% of online beauty Vietnam

Statistic 119

Gender-neutral products 10% market growth Vietnam 2023

Statistic 120

Vietnam beauty export standards aligned EU regs 2023

Statistic 121

Microbiome skincare trend 25% trial rate young Vietnamese

Statistic 122

Zero-waste beauty packaging pilots in 20% local factories Vietnam

Statistic 123

Inclusivity shades expanded to 50+ tones by top brands Vietnam

Statistic 124

Post-COVID hygiene focus 40% hand care sales boost Vietnam

Statistic 125

CBD-infused beauty products regulated banned Vietnam 2023

Statistic 126

Social commerce via Zalo OA 15% beauty sales Vietnam

Statistic 127

Upcycled ingredients in 10% new launches Vietnam beauty 2023

Statistic 128

Beauty sleep aids (patches) sales up 28% Vietnam

Statistic 129

Vietnam FDA inspections up 50% on imported cosmetics 2023

Statistic 130

Metaverse beauty events attended 1M Vietnamese virtually 2023

Statistic 131

Probiotic skincare 18% growth projected 2024 Vietnam

Statistic 132

Eco-friendly claims verified by 70% consumers Vietnam survey

Statistic 133

Men's makeup trials up 40% via influencers Vietnam

Statistic 134

Blockchain traceability in luxury beauty 5% adoption Vietnam

Trusted by 500+ publications
Harvard Business ReviewThe GuardianFortune+497
Vietnam's beauty market isn't just growing—it's exploding with possibilities, as seen in its leap to a USD 2.29 billion industry in 2023, fueled by digital savviness and a skincare-obsessed culture.

Key Takeaways

  • In 2023, Vietnam's beauty and personal care market reached a value of USD 2.29 billion, marking a 7.8% year-on-year growth
  • The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for Vietnam's cosmetics market from 2023 to 2028 is projected at 5.44%
  • Vietnam's beauty market is expected to hit USD 2.98 billion by 2028, driven by rising disposable incomes
  • Women aged 18-35 represent 52% of beauty product consumers in Vietnam
  • 78% of Vietnamese women use skincare products daily in 2023
  • Millennial consumers (25-40) account for 45% of beauty spending in Vietnam
  • Skincare products hold 42% of total beauty sales volume in Vietnam
  • Color cosmetics market in Vietnam valued at USD 380 million in 2023, growing 10%
  • Hair care segment revenue reached USD 520 million in Vietnam 2023
  • L'Oréal holds 15% market share in Vietnam beauty industry 2023
  • Shiseido commands 12% of skincare segment share in Vietnam
  • The Face Shop leads K-beauty with 8% overall share Vietnam
  • 65% of Vietnamese consumers seek clean beauty ingredients by 2025
  • K-beauty influence drives 40% of new product launches Vietnam 2023
  • Sustainability packaging adopted by 30% brands in Vietnam beauty

Vietnam's beauty market is rapidly expanding due to rising incomes and strong online sales growth.

Brand and Retail Landscape

  • L'Oréal holds 15% market share in Vietnam beauty industry 2023
  • Shiseido commands 12% of skincare segment share in Vietnam
  • The Face Shop leads K-beauty with 8% overall share Vietnam
  • Unilever's Pond's brand has 10% in facial care Vietnam market
  • Innisfree operates 150 stores in Vietnam as of 2023
  • Guardian pharmacy chain sells 20% of mass beauty products Vietnam
  • LG Household & Health Care's The History of Whoo premium share 5%
  • Local brand Thorakao holds 7% in natural products Vietnam
  • Watsons retail chain has 120 outlets beauty-focused Vietnam
  • Maybelline New York leads mass color cosmetics 9% share
  • Amway Vietnam beauty sales USD 100 million annually 2023
  • Lotte Mart beauty aisles contribute 15% of store revenue Vietnam
  • Estée Lauder group 6% premium fragrance share Vietnam
  • Cocoon Vietnam brand grew 25% in vegan segment
  • Shopee platform hosts 40% of online beauty sales Vietnam
  • P&G's Olay skincare 8% share in mass market Vietnam
  • Juno local brand leads affordable makeup 12% share
  • Sephora opened 10 stores in Vietnam by 2023
  • Colgate dominates oral care 45% share Vietnam beauty
  • Lazada e-tail 25% beauty GMV share Vietnam 2023
  • Yves Rocher natural brand 4% share growing fast Vietnam
  • Big C hypermarket beauty sales up 18% YoY Vietnam
  • Chanel No.5 top premium fragrance Vietnam sales
  • Missha K-beauty 7% color cosmetics share Vietnam
  • Aeon Mall beauty tenants generate USD 200M Vietnam
  • Clean beauty brand The Body Shop 3.5% share Vietnam
  • Tiki online 15% beauty market share Vietnam e-com
  • Sulwhasoo premium skincare top seller Vietnam malls

Brand and Retail Landscape Interpretation

Vietnam's beauty market is a fascinatingly fragmented empire, where a French titan like L'Oréal rules from a 15% throne, yet it's besieged by a Korean wave led by The Face Shop, fortified in local pharmacy chains like Guardian, challenged by online sovereigns like Shopee, and constantly reshaped by the march of premium palaces like Sephora and the quiet, potent rebellion of homegrown brands like Thorakao.

Consumer Demographics and Behavior

  • Women aged 18-35 represent 52% of beauty product consumers in Vietnam
  • 78% of Vietnamese women use skincare products daily in 2023
  • Millennial consumers (25-40) account for 45% of beauty spending in Vietnam
  • 62% of urban Vietnamese men purchased grooming products in 2023
  • Gen Z (under 25) drove 30% of makeup trial purchases via social media in Vietnam 2023
  • 55% of Vietnamese consumers prefer natural/organic beauty products
  • Average frequency of beauty purchases is 4.2 times per month among Vietnamese women
  • 40% of beauty buyers in Vietnam are influenced by KOLs/influencers
  • Rural consumers' beauty spending grew 22% YoY in 2023, representing 32% of total
  • 67% of Vietnamese aged 35+ prioritize anti-aging products
  • Online beauty purchases by Vietnamese men rose 35% in 2023
  • 73% of beauty consumers in Vietnam read reviews before buying
  • Vietnamese consumers spend average 25 minutes researching beauty products online
  • 48% of Gen Z Vietnamese use beauty apps for personalization
  • Loyalty to beauty brands is 60% among Vietnamese over 40
  • 29% of beauty spending comes from households with children under 18
  • Vietnamese beauty consumers aged 18-24 spend 15% more on makeup than average
  • 81% of urban women in Vietnam use sunscreen daily
  • Impulse beauty buys account for 22% of purchases among Vietnamese shoppers
  • 54% of Vietnamese prefer Korean beauty brands due to trendiness
  • Average basket size for beauty products in Vietnam supermarkets is USD 18
  • 35% of beauty consumers in Vietnam are vegan/plant-based focused
  • Elderly (55+) beauty usage grew 12% with focus on health products
  • Social media drives 50% of beauty discovery for Vietnamese youth

Consumer Demographics and Behavior Interpretation

While Vietnam's beauty scene paints a picture of fastidious 18-35 year old women dutifully layering their daily sunscreen, the truth is a far more dynamic and democratic battleground where Gen Z impulse-buys contour palettes on TikTok, rural spending skyrockets, men discreetly upgrade their online carts, and literally everyone, from teenagers to grandparents, is now intently researching ingredients for twenty-five minutes before choosing a trendy Korean serum that promises to keep them forever young.

Market Size and Growth

  • In 2023, Vietnam's beauty and personal care market reached a value of USD 2.29 billion, marking a 7.8% year-on-year growth
  • The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for Vietnam's cosmetics market from 2023 to 2028 is projected at 5.44%
  • Vietnam's beauty market is expected to hit USD 2.98 billion by 2028, driven by rising disposable incomes
  • Online sales accounted for 25% of Vietnam's beauty market revenue in 2023, up from 18% in 2020
  • The skincare segment dominated Vietnam's beauty market with 42% share in 2023, valued at USD 962 million
  • Vietnam beauty market grew by 12% in 2022 post-COVID recovery, reaching USD 2.1 billion
  • Per capita spending on beauty products in Vietnam rose to USD 23 in 2023 from USD 19 in 2022
  • Traditional trade channels held 55% of beauty sales in Vietnam in 2023
  • Vietnam's natural cosmetics sub-market expanded 15% YoY in 2023 to USD 350 million
  • Beauty market inflation in Vietnam averaged 6.5% in 2023 due to import costs
  • Urban areas contributed 68% of Vietnam's beauty market revenue in 2023
  • Vietnam beauty e-commerce grew 28% in 2023 to USD 572 million
  • Fragrances segment in Vietnam grew 9.2% YoY in 2023 to USD 230 million
  • Vietnam's beauty market penetration reached 85% of households in 2023
  • Export value of Vietnamese beauty products hit USD 150 million in 2023
  • Premium beauty segment in Vietnam surged 18% in 2023 to USD 450 million
  • Mass market beauty products held 72% volume share in Vietnam 2023
  • Beauty market CAGR in Hanoi was 8.1% from 2020-2023
  • Ho Chi Minh City beauty sales grew 14% YoY to USD 1.2 billion in 2023
  • Vietnam beauty imports totaled USD 1.8 billion in 2023, mainly from South Korea
  • Local production of beauty products in Vietnam increased 11% to 450 million units in 2023
  • Beauty retail outlets in Vietnam numbered 45,000 in 2023, up 10%
  • Digital beauty sales via TikTok Shop reached USD 100 million in Vietnam 2023
  • Vietnam beauty market share of ASEAN was 4.2% in 2023
  • Inflation-adjusted growth of Vietnam beauty market was 4.5% in 2023
  • 65% of Vietnam's beauty market growth in 2023 came from tier 2 cities
  • Beauty product manufacturing FDI in Vietnam hit USD 500 million in 2023
  • Vietnam beauty market volume reached 1.2 billion units in 2023
  • ASP for beauty products in Vietnam averaged USD 12 in 2023
  • Beauty market recovery post-2022 was 110% of pre-COVID levels in Vietnam by 2023

Market Size and Growth Interpretation

With nearly every Vietnamese household now partaking, the nation's beauty market is not merely growing at a brisk 7.8%—it’s strategically blossoming online, going premium, and increasingly nourishing its own skin, all while charmingly proving that economic recovery looks fabulous.

Segment Performance

  • Skincare products hold 42% of total beauty sales volume in Vietnam
  • Color cosmetics market in Vietnam valued at USD 380 million in 2023, growing 10%
  • Hair care segment revenue reached USD 520 million in Vietnam 2023
  • Fragrance sales in Vietnam grew to USD 230 million with 9% YoY increase
  • Men's grooming products market size USD 150 million in 2023 Vietnam
  • Nail care products saw 14% growth to USD 90 million in Vietnam 2023
  • Oral care within beauty/personal care hit USD 450 million in Vietnam
  • Sun care products revenue USD 120 million, 12% growth in Vietnam 2023
  • Deodorants segment valued at USD 80 million, up 8% YoY Vietnam
  • Premium skincare sub-segment USD 250 million in Vietnam 2023
  • BB creams dominated color cosmetics with 25% share in Vietnam
  • Shampoo volume sales 350 million units in Vietnam 2023
  • Lipstick sales grew 11% to USD 50 million in Vietnam beauty market
  • Body care products USD 300 million revenue Vietnam 2023
  • Facial masks single-use sales 200 million packs in Vietnam 2023
  • Perfume imports dominated 70% of fragrance market Vietnam
  • Natural hair colorants grew 20% to USD 40 million Vietnam
  • Eye makeup products USD 70 million in Vietnam 2023
  • Bath and shower segment USD 180 million Vietnam beauty 2023
  • Whitening creams hold 30% of skincare sales in Vietnam
  • Razor and blades within grooming USD 25 million Vietnam
  • Sheet masks accounted for 45% of mask category volume Vietnam
  • Foundation makeup sales up 13% YoY USD 60 million Vietnam
  • Conditioner products 180 million units sold Vietnam 2023
  • Eau de parfum 55% share of fragrances Vietnam market

Segment Performance Interpretation

While Vietnam's beauty market is painting a vibrant picture, with lipstick sales flourishing and nail care exploding by 14%, it’s clear the nation’s true skincare obsession is written all over its face—and its 42% market share—proving that for Vietnamese consumers, the goal is not just to look made-up, but to have fundamentally flawless canvas.

Trends and Regulations

  • 65% of Vietnamese consumers seek clean beauty ingredients by 2025
  • K-beauty influence drives 40% of new product launches Vietnam 2023
  • Sustainability packaging adopted by 30% brands in Vietnam beauty
  • Personalization via AI apps used by 25% young consumers Vietnam
  • Vegan beauty products projected 20% CAGR to 2028 Vietnam
  • Vietnam gov't regulates 500+ beauty ingredients since 2022 law
  • AR try-on tools boosted conversion 35% e-com beauty Vietnam
  • Wellness-integrated beauty (nutricosmetics) up 22% sales 2023
  • Halal-certified beauty products demand rose 18% Vietnam Muslims
  • Blue light protection skincare launched by 15 brands Vietnam 2023
  • E-commerce live streaming sales 30% of online beauty Vietnam
  • Gender-neutral products 10% market growth Vietnam 2023
  • Vietnam beauty export standards aligned EU regs 2023
  • Microbiome skincare trend 25% trial rate young Vietnamese
  • Zero-waste beauty packaging pilots in 20% local factories Vietnam
  • Inclusivity shades expanded to 50+ tones by top brands Vietnam
  • Post-COVID hygiene focus 40% hand care sales boost Vietnam
  • CBD-infused beauty products regulated banned Vietnam 2023
  • Social commerce via Zalo OA 15% beauty sales Vietnam
  • Upcycled ingredients in 10% new launches Vietnam beauty 2023
  • Beauty sleep aids (patches) sales up 28% Vietnam
  • Vietnam FDA inspections up 50% on imported cosmetics 2023
  • Metaverse beauty events attended 1M Vietnamese virtually 2023
  • Probiotic skincare 18% growth projected 2024 Vietnam
  • Eco-friendly claims verified by 70% consumers Vietnam survey
  • Men's makeup trials up 40% via influencers Vietnam
  • Blockchain traceability in luxury beauty 5% adoption Vietnam

Trends and Regulations Interpretation

Vietnamese beauty is undergoing a sophisticated, multi-faceted transformation, driven by a savvy consumer who demands clean, personalized, and sustainable products while riding the waves of K-beauty, embracing wellness, and navigating everything from AI and AR to stringent new regulations.

Sources & References