Key Takeaways
- 20% of small businesses fail within their first year of operation based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data analyzing employer firms from 2013 cohorts.
- 50% of small businesses fail within five years according to the U.S. Small Business Administration's analysis of firm survival rates over the past decade.
- 65% of small businesses do not survive past 10 years per Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago research on longitudinal business data from 2007-2017.
- Insufficient cash flow causes 82% of small business failures according to CB Insights postmortem analysis of 300+ startups from 2008-2023.
- No market need accounts for 42% of small business closures per Harvard Business School's 2019 study on 111 failed companies.
- Poor team dynamics lead to 23% of small business failures based on Startup Genome's global report on 3,200 ventures 2022.
- 29.6% failure rate for retail small businesses within 10 years per BLS data, highest among sectors.
- Tech startups have a 90% failure rate overall according to NVCA venture data from 2000-2022.
- 60% of restaurants fail within first three years per NRA industry performance metrics 2023.
- Female-owned small businesses fail at 28% higher rate than male-owned in first year per Census ASD gender data 2022.
- Minority-owned small firms have 15% lower five-year survival per Fed Small Business Credit Survey 2023.
- Owners under 35 years old see 32% first-year failure vs 18% for over 55 per Kauffman Indicators 2023.
- Recession increases small business failure by 25% per NBER business cycle analysis 2008-2020.
- Inflation above 5% correlates with 18% higher first-year failures per Fed Beige Book SMB notes 2023.
- Interest rate hikes post-2022 caused 22% more small business loan defaults per FDIC QBP 2023.
Despite many challenges, most small businesses statistically fail within a decade of opening.
Demographic and Owner Characteristics
- Female-owned small businesses fail at 28% higher rate than male-owned in first year per Census ASD gender data 2022.
- Minority-owned small firms have 15% lower five-year survival per Fed Small Business Credit Survey 2023.
- Owners under 35 years old see 32% first-year failure vs 18% for over 55 per Kauffman Indicators 2023.
- College-educated owners have 20% higher survival rate after five years per BLS owner demographics 2022.
- Immigrant entrepreneurs experience 25% higher failure in retail sector per New American Economy study 2021.
- Single-owner small businesses fail 40% more often by year three per Census non-employer stats 2023.
- Veteran-owned small firms have 12% lower 10-year failure per SBA OSBDU annual report 2022.
- Rural small business owners aged 40-54 have 35% survival boost per USDA Rural Development data 2023.
- LGBTQ+ owned small businesses face 18% higher closure rate due to discrimination per NGLCC survey 2022.
- First-generation owners fail at 22% higher rate in manufacturing per Brookings Institution metro analysis 2021.
- Owners with prior industry experience reduce failure by 27% per GEM global entrepreneurship monitor 2023.
- Hispanic-owned small firms have 19% first-year failure vs national average per Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative 2022.
- Over-65 owners see 14% lower failure post-five years per AARP entrepreneurship study 2023.
- Family-run small businesses survive 15% longer per Family Enterprise USA stats 2022.
- Black-owned small businesses have 30% higher failure in services sector per Fed Reserve disparity report 2023.
- Millennial owners (1981-1996) fail 21% more without mentors per Endeavor mentor impact 2022.
- Disabled owner-led small firms have 16% elevated risk per Accenture inclusion study 2021.
- Multi-generational ownership cuts failure by 24% per PwC family business survey 2023.
- Native American owned enterprises fail 28% higher on reservations per DOI BIA economic data 2022.
- Serial entrepreneurs reduce failure odds by 30% per HEC Paris repeat founder study 2023.
- Women in STEM small businesses fail 17% less with grants per NSF ADVANCE data 2022.
- Urban millennial owners under 30 have 41% first-year failure per Urban Institute SMB report 2023.
- Asian-American owners outperform with 12% lower five-year failure per Census ASEC 2022.
- Boomers (1946-1964) retiring cause 20% small business closures without succession per Transamerica 2023.
- Gen Z starters (post-1997) see 36% failure due to funding gaps per Youth Business International 2022.
Demographic and Owner Characteristics Interpretation
External Economic and Regulatory Factors
- Recession increases small business failure by 25% per NBER business cycle analysis 2008-2020.
- Inflation above 5% correlates with 18% higher first-year failures per Fed Beige Book SMB notes 2023.
- Interest rate hikes post-2022 caused 22% more small business loan defaults per FDIC QBP 2023.
- COVID-19 lockdowns led to 30% failure spike in hospitality small businesses per Census Pulse Survey 2020-2022.
- Tax code changes reduce survival by 14% per Tax Foundation SMB impact model 2023.
- Supply chain tariffs increase manufacturing small firm failures by 16% per USITC trade data 2018-2023.
- Minimum wage hikes cause 12% retail closure rate per CBO labor market effects 2022.
- Energy price volatility post-Ukraine war raised 20% failures in transport SMBs per EIA transportation sector 2023.
- Dodd-Frank regulations increased banking access denials by 28% for small firms per Mercatus Center 2021.
- Trade wars 2018-2019 led to 15% export-oriented small business failures per Commerce ITA stats.
- PPP loan forgiveness gaps caused 10% post-COVID failures per Treasury SBA data 2023.
- Zoning restrictions elevate real estate small firm failures by 19% per Urban Institute land use 2022.
- Carbon emission rules increase 13% costs leading to energy SMB closures per EPA regulatory impact 2023.
- Healthcare ACA mandates raised 17% premiums causing small employer failures per Kaiser Family Foundation 2022.
- Brexit-like trade barriers post-2020 hurt 21% UK small exporters per ONS business demography 2023.
- Currency fluctuations cause 11% failures in import-dependent small firms per IMF SME finance 2022.
- Labor shortages 2021-2023 increased failures by 24% per BLS JOLTS small business hiring 2023.
- Antitrust scrutiny on platforms raised 14% costs for app developer small businesses per DOJ report 2023.
- Natural disasters double failure odds regionally per FEMA small business recovery data 2017-2022.
- Cryptocurrency volatility led to 35% fintech small firm failures in 2022 per Chainalysis report.
- Remote work mandates post-COVID caused 9% office service small business declines per Census CBECS 2023.
- ESG reporting burdens increase 16% admin costs for public small caps per SEC climate disclosure 2023.
- Housing market crashes like 2008 raised 27% contractor small failures per HUD resilience study.
- Digital sales tax nexus rules post-Wayfair caused 12% e-commerce small failures per Avalara state tax 2023.
- Global chip shortage 2021-2022 spiked 23% electronics repair small shop closures per Consumer Technology Association.
- Regional unemployment above 8% correlates with 31% small business failure increase per BLS local area 2023.
- Insurance premium hikes post-disasters cause 18% non-renewals for coastal small firms per NAIC data 2022.
External Economic and Regulatory Factors Interpretation
Failure Rates by Time Period
- 20% of small businesses fail within their first year of operation based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data analyzing employer firms from 2013 cohorts.
- 50% of small businesses fail within five years according to the U.S. Small Business Administration's analysis of firm survival rates over the past decade.
- 65% of small businesses do not survive past 10 years per Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago research on longitudinal business data from 2007-2017.
- Only 30% of small businesses reach their 15th anniversary according to Kauffman Foundation's study on entrepreneurial persistence from 1994-2019 cohorts.
- 25% failure rate in the first two years for new U.S. small businesses as reported in BLS Business Employment Dynamics data for 2022.
- 45% of small retail businesses fail by year three per Commerce Department statistics on sector-specific survival from 2015-2020.
- 70% of startups fail within 10 years according to Harvard Business School's analysis of 5,000 ventures tracked since 2000.
- 18% first-year failure for service sector small businesses per BLS 2021 data on non-employer and employer firm cohorts.
- 55% cumulative failure by year five for tech startups as per Crunchbase data aggregated from 2010-2022 funding rounds.
- 33% of small businesses survive beyond 10 years according to OECD SME survival report for high-income countries 2018-2023.
- 22% fail in first 12 months for food service small businesses per National Restaurant Association survival metrics 2022.
- 60% failure rate by year seven for manufacturing small firms based on Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database 2014 cohort.
- 15% first-year attrition for online-only small businesses per eMarketer analysis of Shopify merchant data 2021-2023.
- 48% fail within four years for construction small businesses according to BLS industry-specific BED data 2020.
- 72% of small businesses do not last 12 years per Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation's 2021 entrepreneurship report.
- 28% failure in first 18 months for health care small practices per AMA physician practice viability study 2022.
- 52% cumulative five-year failure for wholesale trade small firms from U.S. Census ASD data 2017-2022.
- 40% fail by year three for real estate small agencies per NAR market analysis 2019-2023.
- 67% do not survive 10 years in transportation sector small businesses according to DOT modal statistics 2021.
- 19% first-year failure for professional services small firms per BLS Quarterly Census of Employment 2023 Q1.
- 57% failure by year six for accommodation small businesses from STR global hotel data 2015-2022.
- 35% survive past eight years in arts/entertainment small businesses per NEA cultural sector report 2020.
- 23% fail within first two years for education small businesses according to NCES private school data 2018-2023.
- 62% cumulative failure by decade for mining small operations per USGS mineral industry surveys 2022.
- 17% first-year rate for finance/insurance small firms from FDIC community bank stats 2021-2023.
- 49% fail by year five for utilities small providers per EIA independent power producer data 2020.
- 75% do not reach 15 years in agriculture small farms according to USDA ERS farm survival study 2017-2022.
- 26% failure in 24 months for administrative services small businesses per BLS OES wage data cohorts 2023.
- 54% five-year failure for information sector small firms from FCC broadband deployment stats 2022.
- 41% fail by year four for other services small businesses according to Census SUSB data 2019.
Failure Rates by Time Period Interpretation
Industry-Specific Failure Statistics
- 29.6% failure rate for retail small businesses within 10 years per BLS data, highest among sectors.
- Tech startups have a 90% failure rate overall according to NVCA venture data from 2000-2022.
- 60% of restaurants fail within first three years per NRA industry performance metrics 2023.
- Construction small firms see 53% five-year failure per Associated Builders and Contractors safety data 2022.
- Healthcare small practices have 25% first-year failure amid regulatory burdens per MGMA 2023 stats.
- Manufacturing SMBs fail at 37% in first five years per NIST MEP impact report 2021.
- E-commerce small businesses have 80% failure rate within 24 months per Shopify merchant analytics 2023.
- 70% of fitness gyms close within three years according to IHRSA global participation study 2022.
- Real estate brokerages small firms fail 45% by year four per NAR practitioner survey 2023.
- 55% failure rate for beauty salons in first five years per Professional Beauty Association data 2022.
- Transportation/trucking small businesses have 62% 10-year failure per FMCSA safety carrier snapshot 2023.
- 40% of independent bookstores fail within two years per American Booksellers Association sales trends 2021.
- Apparel retail small businesses see 65% failure by year five amid fast fashion competition per NPD Group 2022.
- 75% of craft breweries fail within 10 years per Brewers Association production stats 2023.
- Auto repair shops small businesses have 38% three-year failure per AAA technician supply study 2022.
- 50% failure rate for pet grooming services in first four years per APPA market research 2023.
- Landscaping small firms fail at 47% by year five per NALP state of industry report 2022.
- 68% of independent coffee shops close within three years per SCA consumer trends 2023.
- Dental practices small have 22% first-year failure per ADA health policy institute 2022.
- 59% failure for cleaning services small businesses over five years per ISSA market forecast 2023.
- Event planning small firms see 52% failure by year three post-COVID per Event Marketer outlook 2023.
- 44% of tutoring centers fail within four years per Kumon franchise comparison data 2022.
- Photography studios small have 61% five-year failure per PPA business survey 2023.
- 73% failure rate for food trucks in first two years per Food Truck Association metrics 2022.
- Boutique hotels small see 56% closure by year six per AHLA occupancy stats 2023.
- 39% three-year failure for yoga studios per MindBody wellness report 2022.
Industry-Specific Failure Statistics Interpretation
Primary Reasons for Failure
- Insufficient cash flow causes 82% of small business failures according to CB Insights postmortem analysis of 300+ startups from 2008-2023.
- No market need accounts for 42% of small business closures per Harvard Business School's 2019 study on 111 failed companies.
- Poor team dynamics lead to 23% of small business failures based on Startup Genome's global report on 3,200 ventures 2022.
- Competition outpaces 19% of small businesses causing failure per Forbes analysis of SBA data 2021.
- Inadequate pricing strategy contributes to 15% of failures according to SCORE's mentor survey of 1,000 failed owners 2023.
- Marketing failures cause 14% of small business shutdowns per HubSpot's inbound marketing impact study 2022.
- Ignoring customers leads to 11% failure rate from Zendesk's customer experience benchmark on SMBs 2023.
- Product issues account for 17% of closures per Productboard's analysis of 200 failed products in small firms 2021.
- Burnout causes 8% of small business owner exits according to Gallup's State of the American Entrepreneur 2022.
- Legal/compliance issues result in 13% failures per LegalZoom's small business legal health survey 2023.
- Supply chain disruptions led to 20% increased failure risk in 2022 per Deloitte's SMB resilience report.
- Poor financial management causes 29% of failures according to U.S. Bank study of 5,800 entrepreneurs 2021.
- Lack of business model validation leads to 24% closures per Lean Startup methodology review by Eric Ries 2020.
- Overexpansion contributes to 16% failures from RestaurantOwner.com analysis of 1,000 closed eateries 2022.
- Ineffective leadership accounts for 21% per Inc. Magazine's CEO failure study on SMBs 2023.
- Cyber security breaches cause 12% failures post-2020 per Cybersecurity Ventures SMB report 2023.
- Failure to adapt to digital transformation leads to 18% closures according to McKinsey Digital SMB Index 2022.
- High employee turnover results in 10% failure rate per SHRM workplace forecast for small firms 2023.
- Inventory mismanagement causes 9% of retail small business failures per Retail Dive supply chain study 2022.
- Patent/trademark issues contribute to 7% failures in innovative small businesses per USPTO inventor assistance data 2023.
- Energy cost spikes led to 11% failures in manufacturing SMBs during 2022 per NAM survey.
- Poor location choice accounts for 13% restaurant failures per Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 2021.
- Debt overload causes 22% closures per NFIB small business economic trends 2023.
- Neglecting SEO/digital visibility leads to 15% e-commerce small business failures per SEMrush study 2023.
- Succession planning gaps result in 25% failures upon owner retirement per Family Business Review 2022.
Primary Reasons for Failure Interpretation
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