Key Takeaways
- Global salt production reached 302 million metric tons in 2022.
- The United States produced 42 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- China led world salt production with 69 million metric tons in 2022.
- Average global per capita salt consumption is 10 grams per day.
- U.S. annual salt consumption per person is 8.6 kg for food use.
- World salt demand for deicing roads is 20% of total.
- Sodium chloride is 39.34% sodium by weight.
- Salt has a melting point of 800.7°C (1,473°F).
- Table salt density is 2.17 g/cm³.
- WHO guideline for adult salt intake is <2,000 mg sodium/day.
- Excess salt raises blood pressure by 2.11/0.72 mmHg per gram.
- High sodium diet increases stroke risk by 23%.
- U.S. salt market valued at $3.2 billion in 2022.
- Global salt trade volume was 60 million tons in 2022.
- Average salt price was $40 per metric ton in 2022.
Global salt production and consumption figures show surprisingly widespread and varied uses.
Chemical and Physical Properties
- Sodium chloride is 39.34% sodium by weight.
- Salt has a melting point of 800.7°C (1,473°F).
- Table salt density is 2.17 g/cm³.
- NaCl solubility in water is 360 g/L at 25°C.
- Salt crystal structure is face-centered cubic.
- NaCl molecular weight is 58.44 g/mol.
- Salt boiling point is 1,413°C (2,575°F).
- Refractive index of salt is 1.544.
- NaCl pH in saturated solution is 6.7-7.3.
- Salt hardness on Mohs scale is 2.5.
- Thermal conductivity of NaCl is 6.2 W/(m·K).
- NaCl lattice energy is 787.3 kJ/mol.
- Salt vapor pressure at 800°C is 1 kPa.
- NaCl hydration energy is -784 kJ/mol.
- Coefficient of thermal expansion for NaCl is 40 × 10^-6 /K.
- Salt dielectric constant is 5.3 at 25°C.
- NaCl specific heat capacity is 0.864 J/g·K.
- Electrical conductivity of molten NaCl is 2.19 S/cm.
- Salt cleavage is perfect cubic {100}.
- NaCl magnetic susceptibility is -30.2 × 10^-6 cm³/mol.
- Bulk modulus of salt is 24.82 GPa.
Chemical and Physical Properties Interpretation
Consumption and Demand
- Average global per capita salt consumption is 10 grams per day.
- U.S. annual salt consumption per person is 8.6 kg for food use.
- World salt demand for deicing roads is 20% of total.
- Chemical industry consumes 55% of global salt production.
- Food processing uses 17% of world salt output.
- U.S. salt consumption totaled 50 million tons in 2022.
- Processed foods contribute 75% of sodium intake in diets.
- Global water softener salt demand is 5 million tons annually.
- Household salt use in Europe averages 4 grams per day per person.
- U.S. deicing salt use peaked at 25 million tons in 2022.
- Chlor-alkali process consumes 60 million tons of salt yearly.
- India salt consumption for food is 20 grams per capita daily.
- Global salt market size was $28 billion in 2022.
- U.S. consumers buy 5.5 million tons of table salt annually.
- Animal feed salt demand is 2% of total production.
- China salt consumption for highways is 10 million tons yearly.
- Bread and bakery products use 1.5% of salt in recipes.
- Global meat processing salt use is 8 million tons per year.
- U.S. salt use in oil and gas drilling is 1 million tons annually.
- Dairy industry consumes 3 million tons of salt globally.
- Soup and sauce categories have 1,200 mg sodium per serving average.
- WHO recommends less than 5 grams salt per day per adult.
- U.S. average sodium intake is 3,400 mg per day.
- High salt intake causes 1.89 million deaths yearly worldwide.
- Reducing salt by 30% could save 7 million lives by 2030.
Consumption and Demand Interpretation
Economic and Industrial Uses
- U.S. salt market valued at $3.2 billion in 2022.
- Global salt trade volume was 60 million tons in 2022.
- Average salt price was $40 per metric ton in 2022.
- U.S. salt industry employs 20,000 workers.
- Chlorine production from salt generates $50 billion revenue.
- Road salt market size is $2.5 billion globally.
- Salt exports from India reached $100 million in 2022.
- U.S. industrial salt sales $1.1 billion in 2022.
- Soda ash from salt process worth $18 billion yearly.
- Water treatment salt market $1.8 billion in 2023.
- Food grade salt segment holds 25% market share.
- Asia-Pacific dominates 60% of global salt production value.
- U.S. imports 10 million tons of salt annually valued $400M.
- Salt in PVC production contributes $10 billion economy.
- Pharmaceutical salt uses market $1.2 billion.
- Deicing salt price averaged $55/ton in Northeast U.S.
- Global salt CAGR projected at 3.2% to 2030.
- EU salt production value €2.5 billion in 2022.
- Solar salt export from Australia $300 million yearly.
- U.S. table salt retail sales $1 billion annually.
Economic and Industrial Uses Interpretation
Health and Nutrition
- WHO guideline for adult salt intake is <2,000 mg sodium/day.
- Excess salt raises blood pressure by 2.11/0.72 mmHg per gram.
- High sodium diet increases stroke risk by 23%.
- Salt sensitivity affects 51% of hypertensives.
- Daily salt intake >10g doubles gastric cancer risk.
- Low salt intake reduces CVD mortality by 25%.
- Iodized salt prevents 1.5 million IQ point losses yearly.
- 90% of Americans exceed 2,300 mg sodium RDA.
- Salt reduction lowers heart failure risk by 15%.
- Osteoporosis risk increases 10% per 10g salt/day.
- High salt promotes kidney stones by 30%.
- Meniere's disease worsened by >2g sodium/day.
- Salt intake >6g/day raises dementia risk 15%.
- 1g salt reduction saves $10-12 billion in health costs.
- Edema in pregnancy linked to >7g salt/day.
- Autoimmune diseases like MS correlate with high salt.
- Salt accelerates skin aging by 25% in high consumers.
- RDA for sodium is 1,500 mg for adults over 50.
- Potassium mitigates salt's BP effect by 50%.
- Global average salt intake is 9-12 grams per day.
Health and Nutrition Interpretation
Production and Reserves
- Global salt production reached 302 million metric tons in 2022.
- The United States produced 42 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- China led world salt production with 69 million metric tons in 2022.
- India produced 31 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Germany produced 14 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Australia produced 12 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- World salt reserves are estimated at over 3.2 trillion metric tons.
- The U.S. has salt reserves of about 85 billion metric tons.
- Evaporated salt production in the U.S. was 25 million tons in 2022.
- Rock salt production in the U.S. reached 15 million tons in 2022.
- Solar salt production in the U.S. was 2 million tons in 2022.
- U.S. salt reserves in underground mines total 12 billion tons.
- Global salt production grew by 2.5% from 2021 to 2022.
- Mexico produced 10 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Netherlands produced 6 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- U.S. salt production from brine was 28 million tons in 2022.
- Canada produced 9 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Brazil produced 7 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- World salt production in 2019 was 295 million metric tons.
- U.S. ranked second globally in salt production in 2022.
- Turkey produced 8 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- United Kingdom produced 5 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Salt reserves in the Dead Sea exceed 1.2 billion tons.
- Great Salt Lake holds about 4.5 billion tons of salt.
- U.S. vacuum pan salt production was 6 million tons in 2022.
- Global salt mine production accounts for 40% of total output.
- Argentina produced 3 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- Spain produced 4 million metric tons of salt in 2022.
- U.S. salt exports were 8 million tons in 2022.
Production and Reserves Interpretation
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