Russia’s geography and demographics work together: its land area totals 17,098,242 square kilometers, yet population density is just 8.5 people per square kilometer. The median age is 40.3 years, and the fertility rate is 1.5 children per woman, helping explain the country’s social outlook. Governance is shaped by its federal semi-presidential system, and economic scale is reflected in nominal GDP of 2.240 trillion USD (2022).
Key Takeaways
- Russia's total population as of January 1, 2023, was 146,447,424 people
- Russia's population density is 8.5 people per square kilometer as of 2023
- The median age in Russia is 40.3 years as of 2023
- Russia's GDP (nominal) was 2.240 trillion USD in 2022
- GDP per capita (nominal) in Russia was 15,345 USD in 2022
- GDP (PPP) in Russia was 5.336 trillion international dollars in 2022
- Total land area of Russia is 17,098,242 square kilometers
- Russia's exclusive economic zone is 4,667,700 square kilometers in the Arctic Ocean
- Highest point is Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters
- Russia's government is a federal semi-presidential republic
- President Vladimir Putin has been in office since May 7, 2012
- Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin appointed January 16, 2020
- Russia's Gini coefficient (income inequality) was 36.0 in 2021
- Homicide rate is 5.4 per 100,000 population as of 2021
- Internet users penetration is 85% of population (123 million) as of 2023
Russia has 146.4 million people, aging fast, with 2022 GDP of $2.24 trillion and 85% internet penetration.
Related reading
01 · Category
Demographics30 stats
01
Russia's total population as of January 1, 2023, was 146,447,424 people
02
Russia's population density is 8.5 people per square kilometer as of 2023
03
The median age in Russia is 40.3 years as of 2023
04
Russia's total fertility rate is 1.5 children per woman as of 2023
05
Life expectancy at birth in Russia is 73.1 years for the total population as of 2023
06
74.7% of Russia's population lives in urban areas as of 2023
07
Russia's population growth rate is -0.39% annually as of 2023
08
Net migration rate into Russia is 0.4 migrants per 1,000 population as of 2023
09
79.8% of Russians are ethnic Russians as of 2023
10
Tatar ethnicity makes up 3.7% of Russia's population as of 2023
11
Ukrainian ethnicity comprises 1.4% of Russia's population as of 2023
12
71.3% of Russians speak Russian as their first language as of 2023
13
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.2% of population as of 2023
14
Age structure 15-64 years: 66.5% of population as of 2023
15
Age structure 65+ years: 16.3% of population as of 2023
16
Dependency ratio total in Russia is 50.4 as of 2023
17
Russia's sex ratio at birth is 1.06 male(s)/female as of 2023
18
Maternal mortality rate is 14 deaths/100,000 live births as of 2020
19
Infant mortality rate is 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births as of 2023
20
Total migrant stock in Russia is 11,644,000 people or 7.9% of population as of 2020
21
Russia's population pyramid shows a contracting population trend as of 2023
22
Literacy rate for population 15+ years is 99.7% in Russia as of 2023
23
School life expectancy is 15 years in Russia as of 2023
24
Youth unemployment rate (15-24 years) is 12.3% as of 2022
25
Obesity rate among adults is 23.1% as of 2016
26
HIV/AIDS prevalence is 1.2% among adults 15-49 as of 2021
27
Drinking water access is 98.9% of population as of 2020
28
Sanitation services access is 94.2% of population as of 2020
29
Suicide rate is 20.1 per 100,000 population as of 2021
30
Population below poverty line is 12.1% as of 2019
Interpretation
Demographics Interpretation
With a median age of 40.3 years, a fertility rate of 1.5 children per woman, and 74.7% of people living in urban areas, Russia’s demographics in 2023 point to an aging and increasingly urban population.
02 · Category
Economy28 stats
01
Russia's GDP (nominal) was 2.240 trillion USD in 2022
02
GDP per capita (nominal) in Russia was 15,345 USD in 2022
03
GDP (PPP) in Russia was 5.336 trillion international dollars in 2022
04
GDP per capita (PPP) was 36,485 international dollars in Russia in 2022
05
Real GDP growth rate in Russia was -2.1% in 2022
06
Inflation rate (CPI) averaged 13.8% in Russia in 2022
07
Unemployment rate was 3.9% in Russia in 2022
08
Public debt was 19.2% of GDP in Russia in 2022
09
Russia's budget balance was -2.0% of GDP in 2022
10
Current account balance was 10.5% of GDP in Russia in 2022
11
Exports of goods and services were 29.5% of GDP in Russia in 2022
12
Imports of goods and services were 22.4% of GDP in Russia in 2022
13
Foreign direct investment net inflows were 1.2 billion USD in Russia in 2022
14
Russia's oil exports revenue accounted for 45% of federal budget in 2022
15
Natural gas production was 616 billion cubic meters in Russia in 2022
16
Crude oil production averaged 10.95 million barrels per day in Russia in 2022
17
Gold production was 331 tons in Russia in 2022
18
Wheat production reached 92 million tons in Russia in 2022
19
Labor force participation rate was 61.6% in Russia in 2022
20
Corporate tax rate is 20% in Russia as of 2023
21
VAT (consumption tax) standard rate is 20% in Russia as of 2023
22
Minimum monthly wage is 16,242 RUB (about 177 USD) as of 2023
23
Average monthly wage was 73,709 RUB (about 803 USD) in 2023
24
Stock market capitalization was 0.68 trillion USD in Russia in 2022
25
Ease of doing business rank was 28th out of 190 countries in 2020
26
13.8% CPI inflation averaged in 2022 in Russia
27
10.2% CPI inflation averaged in 2023 in Russia
28
5.0% CPI inflation averaged in 2024 in Russia
Interpretation
Economy Interpretation
From an economy perspective, Russia’s nominal GDP of 2.240 trillion USD in 2022 came with a real contraction of -2.1% and high inflation averaging 13.8%, highlighting an economy under pressure despite a relatively higher PPP per capita of 36,485 international dollars.
report visual · Projection
Russia CPI inflation cooled from 2022 to 2024
CPI inflation in Russia fell over time—starting at 2022’s highest level and dropping year by year to 2024’s lowest level.
13.8 CPI inflation (percent, year-average)
Start
-39.81%
CAGR · 2y
5 CPI inflation (percent, year-average)
Projected
20222024
source-verifieddata.worldbank.org2024
03 · Category
Geography26 stats
01
Total land area of Russia is 17,098,242 square kilometers
02
Russia's exclusive economic zone is 4,667,700 square kilometers in the Arctic Ocean
03
Highest point is Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters
04
Lowest point is Caspian Sea at -28 meters
05
Mean elevation is 600 meters in Russia
06
Longest river is Lena River at 4,400 kilometers
07
Largest lake is Caspian Sea with 374,000 square kilometers area
08
Russia has 23,889 kilometers of coastline
09
Climate varies from steppes to subarctic in Russia
10
Natural hazards include permafrost over half territory and volcanoes
11
Irrigated land covers 48,000 square kilometers as of 2012
12
Renewable water resources total 4,508 cubic kilometers per year
13
Land use arable land 7.4%, permanent crops 0%, permanent pasture 8.4% as of 2018
14
Forest coverage is 49.8% of land area as of 2020
15
Protected areas cover 13.2% of land and sea territory as of 2022
16
Average annual precipitation in Moscow is 707 mm
17
Permafrost covers 65% of Russia's territory
18
Number of earthquakes annually exceeds 1,000 with magnitude over 2.0
19
Active volcanoes number 12 in Kamchatka Peninsula
20
Biodiversity includes 766 mammal species in Russia
21
Siberia covers 77% of Russia's land area
22
Volga River basin drains 8% of European Russia
23
Ural Mountains span 2,500 km dividing Europe and Asia
24
Baikal Lake holds 23% of world's fresh surface water
25
Tundra biome covers northern coastal regions
26
Steppe grasslands in southern Russia cover millions of sq km
Interpretation
Geography Interpretation
Russia’s vast geography spans 17,098,242 square kilometers of land and pairs a continental mean elevation of 600 meters with extreme relief from Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters to the Caspian Sea at minus 28 meters.
More related reading
04 · Category
Government25 stats
01
Russia's government is a federal semi-presidential republic
02
President Vladimir Putin has been in office since May 7, 2012
03
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin appointed January 16, 2020
04
Federal Assembly consists of Federation Council (170 seats) and State Duma (450 seats)
05
Constitution adopted December 12, 1993
06
Suffrage age is 18 years universal
07
Executive branch power vested in president elected for 6-year term
08
Judicial review by Constitutional Court and Supreme Court
09
85 federal subjects including 22 republics and 46 oblasts
10
Corruption Perceptions Index score 28/100 in 2022 (CPI rank 137/180)
11
Human Freedom Index rank 114th out of 165 in 2022
12
Press Freedom Index rank 155th out of 180 in 2023
13
Political parties registered: 37 active as of 2023
14
State Duma election last held September 2021, next due 2026
15
Presidential election last March 2018, next March 2024
16
Federal budget revenue 492.7 billion USD, expenditure 496.6 billion USD in 2022
17
Tax revenue 29.5% of GDP in 2021
18
Military expenditure 4.1% of GDP in 2022 ($86.4 billion)
19
Citizenship by birth no, by descent yes under certain conditions
20
Independence from Soviet Union December 25, 1991
21
National holiday Russia Day June 12
22
Diplomatic relations with 190 UN member states
23
UN Security Council permanent member with veto power
24
Administrative divisions include 3 federal cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol
25
Central Bank interest rate was 16% as of December 2023: June 2026
Interpretation
Government Interpretation
Russia’s government operates as a federal semi-presidential republic with a bicameral Federal Assembly of 170-seat Federation Council and a 450-seat State Duma, reflecting a strong legislative capacity alongside a long-stable executive leadership since President Vladimir Putin took office on May 7, 2012.
05 · Category
Society23 stats
01
Russia's Gini coefficient (income inequality) was 36.0 in 2021
02
Homicide rate is 5.4 per 100,000 population as of 2021
03
Internet users penetration is 85% of population (123 million) as of 2023
04
Mobile cellular subscriptions 170 per 100 people as of 2022
05
Electricity access 100% of population as of 2020
06
Physicians density 4.7 per 1,000 population as of 2020
07
Hospital beds 7 per 1,000 population as of 2020
08
Railways total length 85,497 km as of 2022
09
Roadways paved 1,283,387 km total as of 2022
10
Telephones fixed lines 19.5 per 100 as of 2021
11
Orthodox Christianity adherents 71-75% of population
12
Muslim population 10-15% as of 2023
13
No official religion but Orthodox Christianity predominant
14
Time zones UTC+2 to UTC+12 across 11 zones
15
Drives on the right side
16
Electricity voltage 220V 50Hz
17
Broadband fixed subscriptions 30 per 100 as of 2022
18
Television broadcast stations over 7,300 as of 2021
19
Daily newspapers over 400 as of 2021
20
Life satisfaction score 5.5/10 in 2022 World Happiness Report (rank 70)
21
PISA score average 478 in reading (2022)
22
Tertiary education enrollment 56% gross as of 2020
23
Gender parity index in primary education 0.99 as of 2020
Interpretation
Society Interpretation
From a society standpoint, Russia shows broad connectivity and health resources alongside persistent inequality with a Gini coefficient of 36.0 in 2021, high internet penetration at 85% in 2023, and near-universal electricity access at 100% in 2020.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
David Kowalski. (2026, February 13). Russia Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/russia-statistics
MLA
David Kowalski. "Russia Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/russia-statistics.
Chicago
David Kowalski. 2026. "Russia Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/russia-statistics.
Sources & references
1 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level