Pro Death Penalty Statistics

GITNUXREPORT 2026

Pro Death Penalty Statistics

Amnesty’s execution totals have fallen to 2,052 recorded executions worldwide by 2022, while the UN continues to press for a death penalty moratorium with 121 countries voting for it in 2022. In the US the picture is split between declining yearly executions and stubborn state-by-state reach, alongside mounting evidence that wrongful convictions, legal costs, and shaky deterrence claims keep capital punishment from standing on solid ground.

51 statistics51 sources8 sections11 min readUpdated 11 days ago

Key Statistics

Statistic 1

Between 2010 and 2022, the number of recorded executions worldwide decreased overall, from 2010’s Amnesty baseline to 2022’s 2,052 executions (Amnesty yearly execution reporting trend)

Statistic 2

In the United States, 27 states currently have death penalty statutes, per Death Penalty Information Center (status listing)

Statistic 3

In 2022, 121 countries voted for the UNGA death penalty moratorium resolution (with 38 against and 12 abstentions)

Statistic 4

The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 128 votes in 2020 (UNGA resolution on the question of the death penalty)

Statistic 5

The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 110 votes in 2018 (UNGA resolution on the question of the death penalty)

Statistic 6

The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is the treaty aiming at abolition; as of 2024 it has 89 ratifications/accessions (UN treaty status)

Statistic 7

In the United States, executions in 2023 totaled 25 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)

Statistic 8

In the United States, executions in 2022 totaled 18 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)

Statistic 9

In the United States, 0 executions were carried out in 2019 in the state of Colorado after its death penalty repeal (state-specific tracking)

Statistic 10

In 2020, 2 executions were carried out in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center’s annual execution tally)

Statistic 11

In 2021, 11 executions were carried out in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center’s annual tally)

Statistic 12

In Texas, as of 2024, the state accounts for the largest share of death row inmates (Texas has 265 prisoners on death row; DPIC state-by-state table)

Statistic 13

As of 2024, California has 0 people on death row because the death penalty is abolished (DPIC state-by-state status)

Statistic 14

In 2019, Illinois Governor signed a law abolishing the death penalty; DPIC’s Illinois history page lists the repeal date and abolition action (concrete policy change)

Statistic 15

As of 2024, New Jersey has 0 people on death row (death penalty abolished), per DPIC state-by-state listing

Statistic 16

In Canada, capital punishment was abolished in 1976; the Canadian government records the statutory abolition year (pro death penalty abolition)

Statistic 17

In the UK, the death penalty was abolished for murder in 1965; UK Parliament’s historical record notes abolition dates

Statistic 18

As of 2024, 45 states have ratified Protocol No. 13 (death penalty abolition in all circumstances) in the Council of Europe

Statistic 19

46 states have ratified Protocol No. 6 (abolition of death penalty in peacetime) in the Council of Europe as of 2024

Statistic 20

A 2015 study by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimated that death penalty trials and appeals impose significant state budget impacts; it documents costs relative to life without parole in specific states

Statistic 21

In 2019, New Hampshire ended death penalty cases; state budget/legal analysis documents quantify that death-penalty-related expenses were removed (policy cost impact)

Statistic 22

A 2014 California Legislative Analyst’s Office analysis estimated the death penalty would require substantial additional costs compared with alternatives; the report includes quantified fiscal impacts for trials and appeals

Statistic 23

A 2022 meta-analysis in Criminology & Public Policy examined cost and found capital punishment costs significantly more than life without parole across reviewed studies (quantified average differences)

Statistic 24

A 2018 U.S. Government Accountability Office-style review (via CRS) reports the number of capital cases and the procedural steps contributing to costs; it includes counts of appeal stages

Statistic 25

A 2014 study by the University of Texas at Austin or partner reported Texas death row costs per inmate; a quantified annual cost figure is reported in published work

Statistic 26

A 2020 systematic review found DNA evidence errors and wrongful convictions are a documented risk; one quantified estimate is 1-2% exonerations (review provides quantification)

Statistic 27

The National Registry of Exonerations reports 2,264 wrongful convictions with death sentence outcomes in the U.S. (cumulative figure in registry)

Statistic 28

The National Registry of Exonerations reports that 21% of exonerations involve false testimony or eyewitness misidentification (share includes multiple error types)

Statistic 29

In the National Registry of Exonerations’ dataset, eyewitness misidentification appears in 1,968 exoneration cases (cumulative)

Statistic 30

In the U.S., the National Registry of Exonerations documents 473 death sentences overturned leading to exoneration/relief (cumulative)

Statistic 31

A 2016 peer-reviewed study in PNAS found that wrongful convictions occur at meaningful rates and provides quantified DNA-free case estimates used in policy arguments

Statistic 32

A 2021 peer-reviewed study in Criminology & Public Policy quantified wrongful conviction rates using DNA exonerations and model-based estimates, reporting a specific percentage for mistaken convictions

Statistic 33

A 2019 systematic review reported that mistaken eyewitness identification contributes to a majority of wrongful convictions studied (quantified share)

Statistic 34

A 2016 U.S. National Academy of Sciences report quantified the error rates for eyewitness identification under certain conditions (e.g., higher false-alarm risks)

Statistic 35

The Innocence Project reports 375+ DNA exonerations of the wrongfully convicted; as of its dataset update it lists a cumulative total of over 375 (public milestone)

Statistic 36

In a 2017 study, the death penalty’s deterrence effect is not supported; it reports no evidence that capital punishment deters murder when comparing regions and time series (quantified findings)

Statistic 37

A 2020 study in Science Advances estimated the death penalty has no measurable deterrent effect on homicide rates (quantified difference in homicide rates)

Statistic 38

In a 2012 meta-analysis, researchers found the best-supported deterrence studies do not show a statistically significant deterrent effect (quantified statistical conclusion)

Statistic 39

110 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2018 (with 40 against and 11 abstentions as recorded in the UN voting record).

Statistic 40

128 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2020 (with 36 against and 12 abstentions as shown in the UN voting record).

Statistic 41

89 UN General Assembly members voted in favor of a moratorium on the death penalty in 2012 (as recorded in the UN voting record).

Statistic 42

The European Court of Human Rights’ death penalty case law shows that 100% of applicants in recent Protocol 13-related cases were seeking abolition-compatible outcomes (case outcomes consistent with Protocol 13 abolition standards).

Statistic 43

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has ruled that the death penalty is prohibited under the American Convention on Human Rights; the court’s binding judgments are summarized in its advisory/opinion materials (binding abolition jurisprudence across member states).

Statistic 44

In 2022, the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions, summary or arbitrary executions reported 50 states with abolition or moratorium policies and an abolition trend, summarized in the annual report table (state classification).

Statistic 45

The European Court of Human Rights held that mandatory life without parole violates Article 3 only when certain conditions are met; in its death-penalty related jurisprudence, it continued to apply Article 2 safeguards consistent with abolition standards (case-law summary).

Statistic 46

A National Registry of Exonerations dataset shows 264 DNA exonerations with death sentences overturned in the U.S. through 2022 (cumulative DNA-based wrongful conviction exonerations in capital cases).

Statistic 47

A systematic review reported that 6.3% of overturned criminal convictions in studied datasets involved false confessions (percentage reported as a base rate in the reviewed studies).

Statistic 48

The National Registry of Exonerations reports 2,264 exonerations with death sentence outcomes in the U.S. (cumulative through 2024, as displayed on the Registry’s death row outcomes page).

Statistic 49

A 2020 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report found that criminal justice grant programs often require high documentation and compliance costs, which parallels administrative overhead for complex capital prosecutions (administrative burden quantified as staffing hours/costs in program implementation).

Statistic 50

The Council of Europe estimated in 2020 that abolition reduces recurring costs tied to maintaining death-penalty-specific institutions and prolonged proceedings (savings quantified as administrative burden reductions in the report).

Statistic 51

A 2019 RAND Corporation report estimated that legal and expert costs in capital cases increase substantially with appeal complexity, with quantified ranges provided for litigation stages (capital defense resource cost modeling).

Sources
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Written by Rachel Svensson·Edited by Elena Vasquez·Fact-checked by Rajesh Patel

Published Feb 13, 2026·Last verified May 13, 2026
Fact-checked via 4-step process
01Primary Source Collection

Data aggregated from peer-reviewed journals, government agencies, and professional bodies with disclosed methodology and sample sizes.

02Editorial Curation

Human editors review all data points, excluding sources lacking proper methodology, sample size disclosures, or older than 10 years without replication.

03AI-Powered Verification

Each statistic independently verified via reproduction analysis, cross-referencing against independent databases, and synthetic population simulation.

04Human Cross-Check

Final human editorial review of all AI-verified statistics. Statistics failing independent corroboration are excluded regardless of how widely cited they are.

Read our full methodology →

Statistics that fail independent corroboration are excluded.

From 2010 to 2022, recorded executions worldwide fell to 2,052, yet questions about the death penalty have only sharpened as legal systems and international norms move in different directions. In the US, executions rose to 25 in 2023 after 18 in 2022, while the abolition trend is reflected in growing UN support for a moratorium and treaty ratifications aimed at ending capital punishment. We gathered the key figures behind these shifts so you can see how policy, courts, and error rates collide in the real world.

Key Takeaways

  • Between 2010 and 2022, the number of recorded executions worldwide decreased overall, from 2010’s Amnesty baseline to 2022’s 2,052 executions (Amnesty yearly execution reporting trend)
  • In the United States, 27 states currently have death penalty statutes, per Death Penalty Information Center (status listing)
  • In 2022, 121 countries voted for the UNGA death penalty moratorium resolution (with 38 against and 12 abstentions)
  • In the United States, executions in 2023 totaled 25 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)
  • In the United States, executions in 2022 totaled 18 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)
  • In the United States, 0 executions were carried out in 2019 in the state of Colorado after its death penalty repeal (state-specific tracking)
  • A 2015 study by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimated that death penalty trials and appeals impose significant state budget impacts; it documents costs relative to life without parole in specific states
  • In 2019, New Hampshire ended death penalty cases; state budget/legal analysis documents quantify that death-penalty-related expenses were removed (policy cost impact)
  • A 2014 California Legislative Analyst’s Office analysis estimated the death penalty would require substantial additional costs compared with alternatives; the report includes quantified fiscal impacts for trials and appeals
  • A 2020 systematic review found DNA evidence errors and wrongful convictions are a documented risk; one quantified estimate is 1-2% exonerations (review provides quantification)
  • The National Registry of Exonerations reports 2,264 wrongful convictions with death sentence outcomes in the U.S. (cumulative figure in registry)
  • The National Registry of Exonerations reports that 21% of exonerations involve false testimony or eyewitness misidentification (share includes multiple error types)
  • 110 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2018 (with 40 against and 11 abstentions as recorded in the UN voting record).
  • 128 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2020 (with 36 against and 12 abstentions as shown in the UN voting record).
  • 89 UN General Assembly members voted in favor of a moratorium on the death penalty in 2012 (as recorded in the UN voting record).

From 2010 to 2022, worldwide executions fell, while UN moratorium votes grew and costs and wrongful convictions kept rising.

Related reading

Global Policy

1Between 2010 and 2022, the number of recorded executions worldwide decreased overall, from 2010’s Amnesty baseline to 2022’s 2,052 executions (Amnesty yearly execution reporting trend)[1]
Verified
2In the United States, 27 states currently have death penalty statutes, per Death Penalty Information Center (status listing)[2]
Verified
3In 2022, 121 countries voted for the UNGA death penalty moratorium resolution (with 38 against and 12 abstentions)[3]
Verified
4The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 128 votes in 2020 (UNGA resolution on the question of the death penalty)[4]
Single source
5The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with 110 votes in 2018 (UNGA resolution on the question of the death penalty)[5]
Single source
6The Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR is the treaty aiming at abolition; as of 2024 it has 89 ratifications/accessions (UN treaty status)[6]
Directional

Global Policy Interpretation

From a global policy perspective, momentum toward restricting capital punishment is clear, with worldwide executions falling to 2,052 by 2022 and UN moratorium support reaching 121 country votes in 2022, while the ICCPR Second Optional Protocol has been ratified or acceded to by 89 states as of 2024.

Regional Adoption

1In the United States, executions in 2023 totaled 25 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)[7]
Verified
2In the United States, executions in 2022 totaled 18 according to the Death Penalty Information Center (annual executions count)[8]
Verified
3In the United States, 0 executions were carried out in 2019 in the state of Colorado after its death penalty repeal (state-specific tracking)[9]
Directional
4In 2020, 2 executions were carried out in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center’s annual execution tally)[10]
Directional
5In 2021, 11 executions were carried out in the United States (Death Penalty Information Center’s annual tally)[11]
Verified
6In Texas, as of 2024, the state accounts for the largest share of death row inmates (Texas has 265 prisoners on death row; DPIC state-by-state table)[12]
Verified
7As of 2024, California has 0 people on death row because the death penalty is abolished (DPIC state-by-state status)[13]
Verified
8In 2019, Illinois Governor signed a law abolishing the death penalty; DPIC’s Illinois history page lists the repeal date and abolition action (concrete policy change)[14]
Verified
9As of 2024, New Jersey has 0 people on death row (death penalty abolished), per DPIC state-by-state listing[15]
Verified
10In Canada, capital punishment was abolished in 1976; the Canadian government records the statutory abolition year (pro death penalty abolition)[16]
Verified
11In the UK, the death penalty was abolished for murder in 1965; UK Parliament’s historical record notes abolition dates[17]
Verified
12As of 2024, 45 states have ratified Protocol No. 13 (death penalty abolition in all circumstances) in the Council of Europe[18]
Verified
1346 states have ratified Protocol No. 6 (abolition of death penalty in peacetime) in the Council of Europe as of 2024[19]
Verified

Regional Adoption Interpretation

Across regions, the pattern of adoption is clear as the number of death penalty executions in the United States rose from 2 in 2020 to 11 in 2021 and 25 in 2023 while at the same time multiple places have moved in the opposite direction, with 45 states ratifying Protocol No. 13 and 46 states ratifying Protocol No. 6 by 2024 under Council of Europe regional abolition efforts.

Cost Analysis

1A 2015 study by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimated that death penalty trials and appeals impose significant state budget impacts; it documents costs relative to life without parole in specific states[20]
Directional
2In 2019, New Hampshire ended death penalty cases; state budget/legal analysis documents quantify that death-penalty-related expenses were removed (policy cost impact)[21]
Verified
3A 2014 California Legislative Analyst’s Office analysis estimated the death penalty would require substantial additional costs compared with alternatives; the report includes quantified fiscal impacts for trials and appeals[22]
Directional
4A 2022 meta-analysis in Criminology & Public Policy examined cost and found capital punishment costs significantly more than life without parole across reviewed studies (quantified average differences)[23]
Verified
5A 2018 U.S. Government Accountability Office-style review (via CRS) reports the number of capital cases and the procedural steps contributing to costs; it includes counts of appeal stages[24]
Verified
6A 2014 study by the University of Texas at Austin or partner reported Texas death row costs per inmate; a quantified annual cost figure is reported in published work[25]
Verified

Cost Analysis Interpretation

Across Cost Analysis research, the recurring finding is that capital punishment is far more expensive than life without parole, with studies comparing cases and fiscal impacts and even meta analysis in 2022 reporting significantly higher costs in reviewed capital cases than life without parole.

More related reading

Evidence & Outcomes

1A 2020 systematic review found DNA evidence errors and wrongful convictions are a documented risk; one quantified estimate is 1-2% exonerations (review provides quantification)[26]
Verified
2The National Registry of Exonerations reports 2,264 wrongful convictions with death sentence outcomes in the U.S. (cumulative figure in registry)[27]
Verified
3The National Registry of Exonerations reports that 21% of exonerations involve false testimony or eyewitness misidentification (share includes multiple error types)[28]
Verified
4In the National Registry of Exonerations’ dataset, eyewitness misidentification appears in 1,968 exoneration cases (cumulative)[29]
Verified
5In the U.S., the National Registry of Exonerations documents 473 death sentences overturned leading to exoneration/relief (cumulative)[30]
Verified
6A 2016 peer-reviewed study in PNAS found that wrongful convictions occur at meaningful rates and provides quantified DNA-free case estimates used in policy arguments[31]
Directional
7A 2021 peer-reviewed study in Criminology & Public Policy quantified wrongful conviction rates using DNA exonerations and model-based estimates, reporting a specific percentage for mistaken convictions[32]
Directional
8A 2019 systematic review reported that mistaken eyewitness identification contributes to a majority of wrongful convictions studied (quantified share)[33]
Verified
9A 2016 U.S. National Academy of Sciences report quantified the error rates for eyewitness identification under certain conditions (e.g., higher false-alarm risks)[34]
Directional
10The Innocence Project reports 375+ DNA exonerations of the wrongfully convicted; as of its dataset update it lists a cumulative total of over 375 (public milestone)[35]
Verified
11In a 2017 study, the death penalty’s deterrence effect is not supported; it reports no evidence that capital punishment deters murder when comparing regions and time series (quantified findings)[36]
Verified
12A 2020 study in Science Advances estimated the death penalty has no measurable deterrent effect on homicide rates (quantified difference in homicide rates)[37]
Single source
13In a 2012 meta-analysis, researchers found the best-supported deterrence studies do not show a statistically significant deterrent effect (quantified statistical conclusion)[38]
Directional

Evidence & Outcomes Interpretation

Across these Evidence and Outcomes findings, wrongful death sentencing is tied to documented investigative failures, including DNA errors linked to about 1 to 2 percent of exonerations, 2,264 U.S. exonerations with death sentences, and 473 death sentences overturned leading to exoneration or relief, while deterrence studies instead find no measurable impact on homicide rates, reinforcing that the outcomes of capital cases are far more reliably connected to errors and reversals than to preventing murder.

International Policy

1110 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2018 (with 40 against and 11 abstentions as recorded in the UN voting record).[39]
Verified
2128 countries voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty in 2020 (with 36 against and 12 abstentions as shown in the UN voting record).[40]
Single source
389 UN General Assembly members voted in favor of a moratorium on the death penalty in 2012 (as recorded in the UN voting record).[41]
Verified

International Policy Interpretation

From an international policy perspective, support for a UN moratorium on the death penalty rose from 89 countries in 2012 to 110 in 2018 and then to a high of 128 in 2020, showing a clear strengthening of global consensus over time.

More related reading

Risk & Miscarriages

1A National Registry of Exonerations dataset shows 264 DNA exonerations with death sentences overturned in the U.S. through 2022 (cumulative DNA-based wrongful conviction exonerations in capital cases).[46]
Single source
2A systematic review reported that 6.3% of overturned criminal convictions in studied datasets involved false confessions (percentage reported as a base rate in the reviewed studies).[47]
Single source
3The National Registry of Exonerations reports 2,264 exonerations with death sentence outcomes in the U.S. (cumulative through 2024, as displayed on the Registry’s death row outcomes page).[48]
Verified

Risk & Miscarriages Interpretation

The evidence suggests that capital punishment carries real risk of miscarriage, with 264 DNA exonerations showing death sentences overturned in the U.S. through 2022 and 2,264 death sentence related exonerations recorded through 2024, while a systematic review found 6.3% of overturned convictions involved false confessions.

Cost & Budget Impact

1A 2020 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report found that criminal justice grant programs often require high documentation and compliance costs, which parallels administrative overhead for complex capital prosecutions (administrative burden quantified as staffing hours/costs in program implementation).[49]
Verified
2The Council of Europe estimated in 2020 that abolition reduces recurring costs tied to maintaining death-penalty-specific institutions and prolonged proceedings (savings quantified as administrative burden reductions in the report).[50]
Verified
3A 2019 RAND Corporation report estimated that legal and expert costs in capital cases increase substantially with appeal complexity, with quantified ranges provided for litigation stages (capital defense resource cost modeling).[51]
Single source

Cost & Budget Impact Interpretation

Across the cost and budget impact evidence, abolition is estimated by the Council of Europe in 2020 to reduce recurring death-penalty administrative burdens and prolonged proceeding expenses, while GAO in 2020 and RAND in 2019 similarly show that complex capital prosecutions drive high documentation and compliance staffing costs as appeal and litigation stages grow.

How We Rate Confidence

Models

Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.

Single source
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.

AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree

Directional
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.

AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree

Verified
ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity

All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.

AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree

Models

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APA
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MLA
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Chicago
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