GITNUXREPORT 2026

Primary Care Statistics

Primary care shortages widely impact Americans, especially the uninsured and those in rural areas.

Rajesh Patel

Team Lead & Senior Researcher with over 15 years of experience in market research and data analytics.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

Our Commitment to Accuracy

Rigorous fact-checking · Reputable sources · Regular updatesLearn more

Statistic 1

In 2022, approximately 89.3 million Americans lived in primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPCSA), representing about 27% of the U.S. population

Statistic 2

As of 2023, 68.8% of U.S. counties have at least one primary care shortage, affecting over 100 million residents

Statistic 3

In 2021, 12.6% of U.S. adults reported having no usual source of medical care, with higher rates among uninsured (34.5%)

Statistic 4

Rural areas have 39.8 primary care physicians per 100,000 residents compared to 53.3 in urban areas as of 2020

Statistic 5

22% of Americans live more than 30 minutes from a primary care provider, exacerbating access issues in 2022 data

Statistic 6

In 2023, Medicaid enrollees face primary care provider acceptance rates of only 71.1% nationally

Statistic 7

15.5% of children under 18 lacked a usual source of care in 2021, per National Health Interview Survey

Statistic 8

Telehealth visits for primary care surged to 20-30% of total visits during 2020-2022, improving rural access

Statistic 9

45 states reported primary care shortages in at least 20% of their population in 2023 HRSA data

Statistic 10

Uninsured adults are 3.5 times more likely to delay primary care due to cost (28% vs 8% insured) in 2022

Statistic 11

In 2022, 62 million Americans resided in mental health professional shortage areas overlapping primary care deserts

Statistic 12

Black Americans have 15% lower access to primary care providers compared to White Americans per 2021 metrics

Statistic 13

28% of primary care practices closed or reduced hours post-COVID in 2022 surveys

Statistic 14

In low-income zip codes, primary care physicians per 10,000 residents average 1.2 vs 4.5 in high-income areas (2020)

Statistic 15

76% of U.S. adults have a primary care provider, but only 55% in Southern states per 2023 Gallup poll

Statistic 16

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) served 30.5 million patients in 2022, covering primary care gaps

Statistic 17

18.4% of adults skipped preventive care due to access barriers in 2021 NHIS data

Statistic 18

Primary care deserts affect 60 million Americans, defined as >60 min drive to nearest provider (2023)

Statistic 19

Hispanic adults report 20% lower primary care access rates than non-Hispanic Whites (2022)

Statistic 20

41% of primary care appointments in 2022 were waitlisted >2 weeks in urban areas

Statistic 21

In 2023, 93 million live in dental HPSAs overlapping primary care shortages

Statistic 22

Women aged 18-44 have 14% lower primary care access in rural vs urban settings (2021)

Statistic 23

25% of U.S. veterans report primary care access issues within VA system (2022)

Statistic 24

Community health centers expanded primary care capacity by 15% from 2019-2022

Statistic 25

32% of adults over 65 in non-metro areas lack nearby primary care (2023)

Statistic 26

Primary care provider density correlates with 21% lower hospitalization rates (2020 study)

Statistic 27

In 2022, 19 states had over 50% of population in primary care HPSAs

Statistic 28

Immigrant populations face 2x primary care access barriers vs natives (2021)

Statistic 29

7.7 million more Americans gained primary care access via ACA expansion (2014-2022)

Statistic 30

In 2023, average drive time to primary care in rural U.S. is 24 minutes vs 11 in urban

Statistic 31

Primary care spending $1.6 trillion annually, 5-7% of total U.S. health spend (2022)

Statistic 32

Average primary care visit cost $130 in 2023, vs $500 specialist

Statistic 33

Medicare primary care payments average $120 per visit post-2021 reforms

Statistic 34

Primary care accounts for 12.9 cents per health dollar spent (2022 CMS)

Statistic 35

FQHC primary care costs 30% lower than private practices (2023)

Statistic 36

Chronic care management billing generated $2B in primary care revenue 2022

Statistic 37

Primary care ROI: $3-13 saved per $1 invested in prevention (2021)

Statistic 38

Uncompensated primary care costs $42B yearly for uninsured (2022)

Statistic 39

Tele-primary care reduces costs 20-30% vs in-person (2023)

Statistic 40

Administrative costs eat 15% of primary care revenue (2022)

Statistic 41

Value-based primary care contracts cover 40% of practices, saving 5-10% (2023)

Statistic 42

Primary care for Medicaid costs $85/visit avg (2022)

Statistic 43

Preventive primary care averts $200B in future spending yearly (2023)

Statistic 44

EHR implementation costs $250K per primary care practice (2022)

Statistic 45

Capitation models lower primary care costs 12% vs fee-for-service (2021)

Statistic 46

Malpractice insurance for primary care averages $15K/year (2023)

Statistic 47

Primary care drug costs $400B annually, 40% of total (2022 IQVIA)

Statistic 48

Rural primary care reimbursement 20% below urban rates (2023)

Statistic 49

PCMH certification yields 4:1 ROI in cost savings (2022 NCQA)

Statistic 50

No-show rates cost primary care $150B yearly (2023)

Statistic 51

Bundled primary care payments reduce total spend 8% (2022 CMS)

Statistic 52

Overhead in solo primary care practices 60% of revenue (2022)

Statistic 53

Direct primary care models cut patient costs 35% (2023 DPC Frontier)

Statistic 54

Hospital spending offset by primary care: $1,200 saved per patient/year (2021)

Statistic 55

Billing complexity adds $25B in primary care admin costs (2022)

Statistic 56

Investment in primary care workforce yields $7 return per $1 (2023)

Statistic 57

Strong primary care orientation linked to 15-20% lower mortality rates (Lancet 2019)

Statistic 58

Countries with robust primary care have 10% fewer hospitalizations per capita (2022)

Statistic 59

Primary care coordination reduces readmissions by 12% within 30 days (2021)

Statistic 60

Early cancer detection via primary care improves 5-year survival by 25% (2023)

Statistic 61

PCMH models improve diabetes control (A1c <8%) in 78% of patients (2022)

Statistic 62

Primary care-based hypertension control at 54% nationally (2023 Million Hearts)

Statistic 63

Preventable ED visits drop 21% with strong primary care access (2022)

Statistic 64

Primary care visit frequency correlates with 14% lower all-cause mortality (2020)

Statistic 65

Colorectal cancer screening rates 68% in primary care-focused systems (HEDIS 2022)

Statistic 66

Maternal mortality reduced 24% in areas with high primary care density (2021)

Statistic 67

Childhood vaccination rates 92% via primary care, averting 472M illnesses (2023)

Statistic 68

Primary care management cuts COPD exacerbations by 30% (2022)

Statistic 69

Patient satisfaction scores 4.5/5 in primary care vs 4.2 specialists (CAHPS 2023)

Statistic 70

Primary care reduces antibiotic overuse by 25% through stewardship (2022)

Statistic 71

Depression screening in primary care identifies 85% of cases early (2023)

Statistic 72

Life expectancy 2.5 years higher in high primary care nations (2022 OECD)

Statistic 73

Primary care lowers low birth weight by 11% (2021 study)

Statistic 74

Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions hospitalizations down 18% with good PC (2022)

Statistic 75

Primary care continuity improves adherence 20% for statins (2023)

Statistic 76

Osteoporosis screening uptake 75% in proactive primary care (2022)

Statistic 77

Primary care-based fall prevention reduces hip fractures 25% in elderly (2023)

Statistic 78

Tobacco cessation rates double with primary care interventions (2022)

Statistic 79

Primary care asthma control achieved in 65% of pediatric cases (2023)

Statistic 80

SDOH screening in primary care improves outcomes 15% (2022 AHRQ)

Statistic 81

Primary care reduces sepsis mortality by 17% via early detection (2021)

Statistic 82

Breast cancer screening adherence 82% in PCMHs (HEDIS 2023)

Statistic 83

In 2022, primary care visits averaged 15.4 per 100 population annually, down 3% from pre-pandemic

Statistic 84

Adults aged 45-64 had 4.2 primary care visits per year on average in 2021 NHIS

Statistic 85

Preventive service utilization in primary care reached 72% for flu shots in 2022

Statistic 86

Chronic disease management accounts for 60% of primary care visits (2023 data)

Statistic 87

Children under 5 averaged 5.8 primary care visits yearly in 2022, mostly well-child checks

Statistic 88

Telemedicine comprised 19% of primary care encounters in 2022 post-peak COVID

Statistic 89

78% of U.S. adults visited primary care at least once in 2022

Statistic 90

Hypertension management visits rose 12% to 45 million in primary care (2021-2022)

Statistic 91

Diabetes primary care visits totaled 110 million in 2022, per MEPS estimates

Statistic 92

Elderly (65+) averaged 6.7 primary care visits per year in 2023

Statistic 93

Mental health integrated primary care visits increased 25% from 2019-2022

Statistic 94

Well-woman exams utilization at 68% among reproductive-age women in 2021

Statistic 95

Pediatric primary care utilization dropped 15% during 2020 lockdowns, recovering to 92% by 2022

Statistic 96

42% of primary care visits involve multiple chronic conditions (2022)

Statistic 97

Annual physical exams account for 22% of adult primary care utilization (2023)

Statistic 98

Urgent care diversion reduced primary care load by 8% in 2022

Statistic 99

Cancer screening referrals from primary care hit 85% compliance in 2022 HEDIS

Statistic 100

Opioid prescribing follow-ups comprised 5.2% of primary care visits in 2023

Statistic 101

Adolescent primary care visits averaged 2.1 per year, focusing on vaccines (2022)

Statistic 102

Post-COVID, respiratory illness visits in primary care up 18% in 2022-2023 flu season

Statistic 103

55% of primary care time spent on documentation, reducing visit volume (2023 study)

Statistic 104

Low-income adults utilize primary care 20% less than high-income peers (2021)

Statistic 105

Primary care handles 50% of antibiotic prescriptions, 30 million visits yearly (2022)

Statistic 106

Maternal primary care visits pre-pregnancy at 45% utilization rate (2023)

Statistic 107

Rheumatology referrals from primary care delayed care for 28% of patients (2022)

Statistic 108

1.2 billion primary care prescriptions filled annually in U.S. (2022)

Statistic 109

In 2022, primary care physicians numbered 209,000 FTEs, or 64 per 100,000 population

Statistic 110

Nurse practitioners provide 25% of primary care visits, growing 8% yearly (2023)

Statistic 111

Family physicians comprise 31% of U.S. primary care workforce (2022 AAFP)

Statistic 112

40% of primary care docs plan retirement in next decade (2023 survey)

Statistic 113

Physician assistants deliver 10% of primary care, with 162,000 active in 2022

Statistic 114

Rural primary care workforce density is 39.8 per 100,000 vs 80+ urban (2022)

Statistic 115

International medical graduates fill 25% of primary care positions (2023)

Statistic 116

Burnout affects 52% of primary care physicians (2022 Medscape)

Statistic 117

Residency slots for primary care increased 5% to 12,000 in 2023 NRMP

Statistic 118

Female providers now 45% of primary care workforce (2022)

Statistic 119

Average primary care physician age is 52 years, skewing supply (2023)

Statistic 120

Team-based care models employ 1.2 nurses per primary care doc (2022)

Statistic 121

Shortage projected at 17,800-48,000 primary care docs by 2034

Statistic 122

Loan repayment programs retain 70% of primary care providers in underserved areas (2023)

Statistic 123

15% annual turnover in FQHC primary care staff (2022 NACHC)

Statistic 124

Primary care training tracks produce 8,500 new docs yearly (2023)

Statistic 125

Mid-level providers (NP/PA) supply grew 45% 2010-2022

Statistic 126

63% of primary care practices have EHR proficiency issues (2023)

Statistic 127

Diversity: 5% Black, 6% Hispanic in primary care workforce vs 13/19% pop (2022)

Statistic 128

Pandemic accelerated 10% early retirements in primary care (2020-2022)

Statistic 129

Scope expansion for NPs in 27 states boosts supply 12% (2023)

Statistic 130

Administrative burden claims 16.6 hours/week for primary care docs (2022)

Statistic 131

28,000 new primary care NPs graduated in 2022

Statistic 132

Retention incentives retain 85% of rural primary care workforce (2023)

Statistic 133

Primary care panels average 2,300 patients per FTE physician (2022)

1/133

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Imagine a map of America where nearly 90 million people live in communities starved for basic medical attention, a shocking reality that underscores our nation's silent primary care crisis, where shortages, financial barriers, and systemic gaps are denying millions the foundational health services they desperately need.

Key Takeaways

In 2022, approximately 89.3 million Americans lived in primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPCSA), representing about 27% of the U.S. population
As of 2023, 68.8% of U.S. counties have at least one primary care shortage, affecting over 100 million residents
In 2021, 12.6% of U.S. adults reported having no usual source of medical care, with higher rates among uninsured (34.5%)
In 2022, primary care visits averaged 15.4 per 100 population annually, down 3% from pre-pandemic
Adults aged 45-64 had 4.2 primary care visits per year on average in 2021 NHIS
Preventive service utilization in primary care reached 72% for flu shots in 2022
In 2022, primary care physicians numbered 209,000 FTEs, or 64 per 100,000 population
Nurse practitioners provide 25% of primary care visits, growing 8% yearly (2023)
Family physicians comprise 31% of U.S. primary care workforce (2022 AAFP)
Strong primary care orientation linked to 15-20% lower mortality rates (Lancet 2019)
Countries with robust primary care have 10% fewer hospitalizations per capita (2022)
Primary care coordination reduces readmissions by 12% within 30 days (2021)
Primary care spending $1.6 trillion annually, 5-7% of total U.S. health spend (2022)
Average primary care visit cost $130 in 2023, vs $500 specialist
Medicare primary care payments average $120 per visit post-2021 reforms

Primary care shortages widely impact Americans, especially the uninsured and those in rural areas.

Access and Availability

In 2022, approximately 89.3 million Americans lived in primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPCSA), representing about 27% of the U.S. population
As of 2023, 68.8% of U.S. counties have at least one primary care shortage, affecting over 100 million residents
In 2021, 12.6% of U.S. adults reported having no usual source of medical care, with higher rates among uninsured (34.5%)
Rural areas have 39.8 primary care physicians per 100,000 residents compared to 53.3 in urban areas as of 2020
22% of Americans live more than 30 minutes from a primary care provider, exacerbating access issues in 2022 data
In 2023, Medicaid enrollees face primary care provider acceptance rates of only 71.1% nationally
15.5% of children under 18 lacked a usual source of care in 2021, per National Health Interview Survey
Telehealth visits for primary care surged to 20-30% of total visits during 2020-2022, improving rural access
45 states reported primary care shortages in at least 20% of their population in 2023 HRSA data
Uninsured adults are 3.5 times more likely to delay primary care due to cost (28% vs 8% insured) in 2022
In 2022, 62 million Americans resided in mental health professional shortage areas overlapping primary care deserts
Black Americans have 15% lower access to primary care providers compared to White Americans per 2021 metrics
28% of primary care practices closed or reduced hours post-COVID in 2022 surveys
In low-income zip codes, primary care physicians per 10,000 residents average 1.2 vs 4.5 in high-income areas (2020)
76% of U.S. adults have a primary care provider, but only 55% in Southern states per 2023 Gallup poll
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) served 30.5 million patients in 2022, covering primary care gaps
18.4% of adults skipped preventive care due to access barriers in 2021 NHIS data
Primary care deserts affect 60 million Americans, defined as >60 min drive to nearest provider (2023)
Hispanic adults report 20% lower primary care access rates than non-Hispanic Whites (2022)
41% of primary care appointments in 2022 were waitlisted >2 weeks in urban areas
In 2023, 93 million live in dental HPSAs overlapping primary care shortages
Women aged 18-44 have 14% lower primary care access in rural vs urban settings (2021)
25% of U.S. veterans report primary care access issues within VA system (2022)
Community health centers expanded primary care capacity by 15% from 2019-2022
32% of adults over 65 in non-metro areas lack nearby primary care (2023)
Primary care provider density correlates with 21% lower hospitalization rates (2020 study)
In 2022, 19 states had over 50% of population in primary care HPSAs
Immigrant populations face 2x primary care access barriers vs natives (2021)
7.7 million more Americans gained primary care access via ACA expansion (2014-2022)
In 2023, average drive time to primary care in rural U.S. is 24 minutes vs 11 in urban

Access and Availability Interpretation

The statistics paint a grimly ironic American portrait: while we've engineered telehealth rockets and coverage expansions, vast stretches of the country are left medically marooned, where your health outcomes depend more on your zip code, income, or insurance card than on actual need.

Costs and Expenditures

Primary care spending $1.6 trillion annually, 5-7% of total U.S. health spend (2022)
Average primary care visit cost $130 in 2023, vs $500 specialist
Medicare primary care payments average $120 per visit post-2021 reforms
Primary care accounts for 12.9 cents per health dollar spent (2022 CMS)
FQHC primary care costs 30% lower than private practices (2023)
Chronic care management billing generated $2B in primary care revenue 2022
Primary care ROI: $3-13 saved per $1 invested in prevention (2021)
Uncompensated primary care costs $42B yearly for uninsured (2022)
Tele-primary care reduces costs 20-30% vs in-person (2023)
Administrative costs eat 15% of primary care revenue (2022)
Value-based primary care contracts cover 40% of practices, saving 5-10% (2023)
Primary care for Medicaid costs $85/visit avg (2022)
Preventive primary care averts $200B in future spending yearly (2023)
EHR implementation costs $250K per primary care practice (2022)
Capitation models lower primary care costs 12% vs fee-for-service (2021)
Malpractice insurance for primary care averages $15K/year (2023)
Primary care drug costs $400B annually, 40% of total (2022 IQVIA)
Rural primary care reimbursement 20% below urban rates (2023)
PCMH certification yields 4:1 ROI in cost savings (2022 NCQA)
No-show rates cost primary care $150B yearly (2023)
Bundled primary care payments reduce total spend 8% (2022 CMS)
Overhead in solo primary care practices 60% of revenue (2022)
Direct primary care models cut patient costs 35% (2023 DPC Frontier)
Hospital spending offset by primary care: $1,200 saved per patient/year (2021)
Billing complexity adds $25B in primary care admin costs (2022)
Investment in primary care workforce yields $7 return per $1 (2023)

Costs and Expenditures Interpretation

Despite investing a paltry few cents of each health dollar on primary care—a workhorse that saves vastly more than it costs while being nickel-and-dimed by bureaucracy, no-shows, and urban-rural payment gaps—we still treat it like a disposable Band-Aid rather than the preventative engine it truly is.

Quality and Outcomes

Strong primary care orientation linked to 15-20% lower mortality rates (Lancet 2019)
Countries with robust primary care have 10% fewer hospitalizations per capita (2022)
Primary care coordination reduces readmissions by 12% within 30 days (2021)
Early cancer detection via primary care improves 5-year survival by 25% (2023)
PCMH models improve diabetes control (A1c <8%) in 78% of patients (2022)
Primary care-based hypertension control at 54% nationally (2023 Million Hearts)
Preventable ED visits drop 21% with strong primary care access (2022)
Primary care visit frequency correlates with 14% lower all-cause mortality (2020)
Colorectal cancer screening rates 68% in primary care-focused systems (HEDIS 2022)
Maternal mortality reduced 24% in areas with high primary care density (2021)
Childhood vaccination rates 92% via primary care, averting 472M illnesses (2023)
Primary care management cuts COPD exacerbations by 30% (2022)
Patient satisfaction scores 4.5/5 in primary care vs 4.2 specialists (CAHPS 2023)
Primary care reduces antibiotic overuse by 25% through stewardship (2022)
Depression screening in primary care identifies 85% of cases early (2023)
Life expectancy 2.5 years higher in high primary care nations (2022 OECD)
Primary care lowers low birth weight by 11% (2021 study)
Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions hospitalizations down 18% with good PC (2022)
Primary care continuity improves adherence 20% for statins (2023)
Osteoporosis screening uptake 75% in proactive primary care (2022)
Primary care-based fall prevention reduces hip fractures 25% in elderly (2023)
Tobacco cessation rates double with primary care interventions (2022)
Primary care asthma control achieved in 65% of pediatric cases (2023)
SDOH screening in primary care improves outcomes 15% (2022 AHRQ)
Primary care reduces sepsis mortality by 17% via early detection (2021)
Breast cancer screening adherence 82% in PCMHs (HEDIS 2023)

Quality and Outcomes Interpretation

It turns out that having a doctor who actually knows you, your name, and your medical history is not just a pleasant luxury, but a statistical superhero that saves lives, prevents hospital trips, and keeps populations healthier from cradle to old age.

Utilization and Demand

In 2022, primary care visits averaged 15.4 per 100 population annually, down 3% from pre-pandemic
Adults aged 45-64 had 4.2 primary care visits per year on average in 2021 NHIS
Preventive service utilization in primary care reached 72% for flu shots in 2022
Chronic disease management accounts for 60% of primary care visits (2023 data)
Children under 5 averaged 5.8 primary care visits yearly in 2022, mostly well-child checks
Telemedicine comprised 19% of primary care encounters in 2022 post-peak COVID
78% of U.S. adults visited primary care at least once in 2022
Hypertension management visits rose 12% to 45 million in primary care (2021-2022)
Diabetes primary care visits totaled 110 million in 2022, per MEPS estimates
Elderly (65+) averaged 6.7 primary care visits per year in 2023
Mental health integrated primary care visits increased 25% from 2019-2022
Well-woman exams utilization at 68% among reproductive-age women in 2021
Pediatric primary care utilization dropped 15% during 2020 lockdowns, recovering to 92% by 2022
42% of primary care visits involve multiple chronic conditions (2022)
Annual physical exams account for 22% of adult primary care utilization (2023)
Urgent care diversion reduced primary care load by 8% in 2022
Cancer screening referrals from primary care hit 85% compliance in 2022 HEDIS
Opioid prescribing follow-ups comprised 5.2% of primary care visits in 2023
Adolescent primary care visits averaged 2.1 per year, focusing on vaccines (2022)
Post-COVID, respiratory illness visits in primary care up 18% in 2022-2023 flu season
55% of primary care time spent on documentation, reducing visit volume (2023 study)
Low-income adults utilize primary care 20% less than high-income peers (2021)
Primary care handles 50% of antibiotic prescriptions, 30 million visits yearly (2022)
Maternal primary care visits pre-pregnancy at 45% utilization rate (2023)
Rheumatology referrals from primary care delayed care for 28% of patients (2022)
1.2 billion primary care prescriptions filled annually in U.S. (2022)

Utilization and Demand Interpretation

While our primary care system is impressively holding the line against a deluge of chronic disease management and post-pandemic respiratory illness, it's simultaneously being strained by persistent access disparities, an administrative paperwork monster eating 55% of its time, and a patient population whose overall visit rates are quietly shrinking.

Workforce and Supply

In 2022, primary care physicians numbered 209,000 FTEs, or 64 per 100,000 population
Nurse practitioners provide 25% of primary care visits, growing 8% yearly (2023)
Family physicians comprise 31% of U.S. primary care workforce (2022 AAFP)
40% of primary care docs plan retirement in next decade (2023 survey)
Physician assistants deliver 10% of primary care, with 162,000 active in 2022
Rural primary care workforce density is 39.8 per 100,000 vs 80+ urban (2022)
International medical graduates fill 25% of primary care positions (2023)
Burnout affects 52% of primary care physicians (2022 Medscape)
Residency slots for primary care increased 5% to 12,000 in 2023 NRMP
Female providers now 45% of primary care workforce (2022)
Average primary care physician age is 52 years, skewing supply (2023)
Team-based care models employ 1.2 nurses per primary care doc (2022)
Shortage projected at 17,800-48,000 primary care docs by 2034
Loan repayment programs retain 70% of primary care providers in underserved areas (2023)
15% annual turnover in FQHC primary care staff (2022 NACHC)
Primary care training tracks produce 8,500 new docs yearly (2023)
Mid-level providers (NP/PA) supply grew 45% 2010-2022
63% of primary care practices have EHR proficiency issues (2023)
Diversity: 5% Black, 6% Hispanic in primary care workforce vs 13/19% pop (2022)
Pandemic accelerated 10% early retirements in primary care (2020-2022)
Scope expansion for NPs in 27 states boosts supply 12% (2023)
Administrative burden claims 16.6 hours/week for primary care docs (2022)
28,000 new primary care NPs graduated in 2022
Retention incentives retain 85% of rural primary care workforce (2023)
Primary care panels average 2,300 patients per FTE physician (2022)

Workforce and Supply Interpretation

Primary care is staring down a demographic cliff and burning out while sprinting, leaning on an expanding team of NPs and PAs to plug the gaps in a strained and graying workforce that, despite heroic retention efforts in rural areas, remains stretched too thin, too burdened, and not yet representative of the patients it serves.

Sources & References

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