Imagine a line stretching across continents, encompassing nearly 300 million people—a number that has swelled by 60% since the year 2000—each with a story of movement, resilience, and the profound search for a better life.
Key Takeaways
- As of 2020, the global stock of international migrants stood at 281 million people, equivalent to 3.6% of the world's population.
- Between 2000 and 2020, the number of international migrants increased by 60%, from 173 million to 281 million.
- In 2020, Asia hosted the largest number of international migrants with 87 million, followed by Europe with 82 million.
- Europe hosted 87 million international migrants in 2020, up from 56 million in 2000.
- In 2022, Germany had 16.8 million foreign-born residents, 20% of its population.
- The UK saw net migration of 606,000 in the year ending June 2023.
- The US hosted 50.6 million immigrants in 2022, 15.1% of population.
- Canada admitted 431,645 permanent residents in 2022.
- Mexico had 1.2 million emigrants to the US in 2020.
- Australia had 7.7 million overseas-born residents in 2023, 29.3% of population.
- New Zealand's migrant inflow was 173,000 in year to June 2023.
- Japan's foreign residents reached 3.3 million in 2023, 2.6%.
- UAE hosted 8.7 million migrants in 2020, 88% of population.
- Saudi Arabia had 13.5 million expatriates in 2023, 39%.
- Turkey hosted 3.6 million Syrian refugees in 2023.
Migration continues to grow globally, shaping economies and societies in profound ways.
Africa
- Sub-Saharan Africa had 40 million internal migrants in 2020.
- Nigeria hosted 1.8 million IDPs in 2023.
- South Africa had 2.9 million migrants, 5% population.
- Ethiopia sheltered 920,000 refugees, hosted 4 million IDPs.
- DR Congo had 6.9 million IDPs in 2023.
- Somalia's refugees abroad: 3.8 million.
- Sudan's IDPs reached 9.1 million post-2023 conflict.
- Morocco hosted 100,000 sub-Saharan migrants.
- Kenya sheltered 800,000 refugees in Dadaab.
- Uganda hosted 1.5 million refugees.
- Remittances to SSA: $53 billion in 2023.
- Intra-African migration: 50% of continental flows.
- Libya transit migrants: 700,000.
- Sahel displacement: 3 million IDPs.
- Zimbabwe hosted 20,000 refugees.
- Angola repatriated 150,000 refugees.
- West Africa ECOWAS free movement benefits 400 million.
- South Africa xenophobia displaced 10,000 in 2023.
- Remittances growth in Africa: 9% in 2023.
- AU migration policy ratified by 40 states.
- Migration boosts GDP by 2% in host African countries.
Africa Interpretation
While the heart-wrenching scale of displacement tells a story of turmoil, the resilient economic pulse of remittances and integration reveals a continent where people, in fleeing despair or seeking opportunity, are relentlessly stitching together Africa's future, one difficult journey at a time.
Asia-Pacific
- Australia had 7.7 million overseas-born residents in 2023, 29.3% of population.
- New Zealand's migrant inflow was 173,000 in year to June 2023.
- Japan's foreign residents reached 3.3 million in 2023, 2.6%.
- South Korea issued 120,000 E-9 visas for unskilled workers in 2023.
- Singapore's foreign workforce: 1.5 million in 2023, 25% of labor force.
- India's net migration rate is -0.4 per 1,000 in 2023.
- China had 1 million outbound migrants annually pre-COVID.
- Philippines OFWs remitted $36.1 billion in 2023.
- Australia's humanitarian intake: 20,000 places in 2023-24.
- Indonesia hosted 13,500 refugees in 2023.
- Malaysia's foreign workers: 2 million registered in 2023.
- Thailand had 2.5 million migrant workers from Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia in 2023.
- Vietnam sent 150,000 labor migrants abroad in 2023.
- Bangladesh labor migration: 450,000 in 2023.
- Pacific Islands net migration loss of 10,000 annually.
- Hong Kong's foreign domestic workers: 370,000 in 2023.
- Taiwan hosted 700,000 migrant workers in 2023.
- Australia's Indian-born migrants: 800,000 in 2023.
- Japan's refugee recognition rate: 1% in 2023, 303 accepted.
- South Korea's F-2 visas for long-term residents: 200,000.
Asia-Pacific Interpretation
The world is an intricate dance of departures and arrivals, where nations like Australia waltz with diversity, Singapore tangoes with labor dependency, and the Philippines and India bank the bittersweet remittances of their global children, all while Japan politely declines to join the refugee conga line.
Demographics
- In 2020, 112 million women were international migrants.
- Children under 20 comprised 31% of forcibly displaced in 2022.
- 65% of Syrian refugees are women and children.
- Europe's migrant population aged 20-34: 40%.
- US Hispanic population growth 80% from immigration 2000-2020.
- Africa's youth migrants (15-24): 20 million.
- 48% of global migrants are female.
- Refugees over 60: only 4% of total.
- Indian diaspora: 60% under 40 years old.
- EU third-country nationals: 50% from Asia/Africa.
- 25% of Canada's population foreign-born, half Asia.
- Venezuelan migrants: 55% female.
- Rural-urban migrants in China: 290 million.
- Gulf migrants: 90% male labor migrants.
- US Asian immigrants: 31 million, 7% population.
- Elderly migrants (65+): 28 million globally.
- 40% of Rohingya refugees are children.
- Mexico-US corridor: 70% family units now.
- Germany's Turkish diaspora: 3 million, second gen 50%.
- Philippines migrants: 60% female domestic workers.
- Africa's median migrant age: 25 years.
- EU family migrants: 30% of inflows.
- Stateless children: 70% of 4.4 million stateless.
- Brazilian Japanese descendants: 2 million.
- 35% of migrants have tertiary education.
- Irregular migrants: 70% young males.
- Diaspora youth remittances focus on education.
Demographics Interpretation
The statistics paint a portrait of a youthful, feminizing, and often forcibly displaced global migrant, whose journey is less a singular adventure and more a family-oriented, economically driven relay race for survival and opportunity, with the old, the settled, and the statistically comfortable largely watching from the sidelines.
Economic Impacts
- In 2020, 82 million international migrants lived in Europe.
- Migrants contributed 9.4% to UK GDP in 2018.
- US immigrants founded 55% of $1B+ startups.
- Remittances to LMICs: $626 billion in 2022, exceeding FDI.
- EU migrants fill 15% of high-skill jobs.
- Gulf migrants remit 10% of GDP in origin countries.
- Immigrants in Canada have 20% higher entrepreneurship rate.
- Mexican remittances grew 12% to $61B in 2023.
- Migrants pay $500B+ in taxes in OECD countries annually.
- 25% of US Nobel laureates since 2000 are immigrants.
- Immigration increased US GDP per capita by 1-2% 1990-2010.
- Filipino remittances: 9% of GDP.
- EU migrant labor fills shortages in healthcare: 10% workforce.
- Global migrant savings transfers: $100B annually.
- Immigrants 28% more likely to start firms in US.
- Remittances reduce poverty by 4% in recipient households.
- OECD countries gain $6,600 per migrant in fiscal net.
- Indian diaspora investments: $100B FDI inflows.
- Migrants innovate 25% more patents per capita.
- Australia's migration adds 1% annual GDP growth.
- 70% of African remittances used for education/health.
- US H-1B holders earn 25% above average.
- Global diaspora bonds raised $50B.
- Immigrants lower prices by 1% via competition.
- Remittances stable during crises, unlike FDI.
- In Germany, migrants contributed €22B net to budget 2012-2018.
- 15% of global trade facilitated by migrant networks.
- Immigrants are 80% of net labor force growth in EU.
- Migrant entrepreneurs create 1.5x more jobs.
- Global remittances expected to reach $800B by 2024.
Economic Impacts Interpretation
The world's economic engine is quietly humming along on migration, which fuels innovation, fills crucial jobs, and funnels lifeline funds directly to families, proving that the movement of people isn't a drain but a dynamic and indispensable driver of global prosperity.
Europe
- Europe hosted 87 million international migrants in 2020, up from 56 million in 2000.
- In 2022, Germany had 16.8 million foreign-born residents, 20% of its population.
- The UK saw net migration of 606,000 in the year ending June 2023.
- France hosted 8.5 million immigrants in 2021, 13% of population.
- In 2022, 1.1 million asylum seekers applied in EU+ countries.
- Spain's foreign population reached 8.4 million in 2023, 17.3% of total.
- Italy had 5.05 million foreign residents in 2022, 8.5% of population.
- Sweden's immigrant population was 2.17 million in 2022, 20.6%.
- In 2023, Ukrainian refugees in Europe numbered over 6 million.
- Netherlands hosted 2.5 million immigrants in 2023, 14% of population.
- Poland issued 1.5 million work permits to foreigners in 2023.
- Belgium's migrant stock was 1.8 million in 2022, 15.5%.
- In 2022, EU Blue Card issuances totaled 36,400 for highly skilled migrants.
- Austria had 1.8 million foreign-born in 2023, 20% of population.
- Switzerland's foreign population was 2.3 million in 2022, 27%.
- Norway received 25,000 asylum applications in 2023.
- Denmark's immigrant share reached 13.8% in 2023.
- Finland hosted 450,000 foreign-born in 2023, 8.2%.
- Ireland's net migration was 77,600 in 2022.
- Portugal had 781,000 foreign residents in 2023, 7.5%.
- Greece saw 950,000 migrants in 2022, amid island arrivals of 40,000.
- Czech Republic issued 200,000 employee cards in 2023.
- Romania hosted 200,000 third-country nationals in 2022.
- Hungary received 80,000 asylum claims in 2023.
- In 2023, 45% of migrants in Western Europe were from EU countries.
- Eastern Europe's net migration was negative at -1.2 million in 2022.
Europe Interpretation
Europe is in the midst of a profound demographic transformation, becoming a tapestry of nations where, from Germany's factories to Poland's job sites, nearly one in five residents now carries a story of arrival, often written by necessity or hope, but sometimes by sheer desperation.
Global Overview
- As of 2020, the global stock of international migrants stood at 281 million people, equivalent to 3.6% of the world's population.
- Between 2000 and 2020, the number of international migrants increased by 60%, from 173 million to 281 million.
- In 2020, Asia hosted the largest number of international migrants with 87 million, followed by Europe with 82 million.
- Women accounted for 48% of all international migrants in 2020, totaling approximately 135 million female migrants globally.
- The top destination for international migrants in 2020 was the United States with 51 million migrants, representing 18% of the global total.
- India was the largest country of origin for international migrants in 2020, with 18 million Indian-born migrants living abroad.
- From 2015 to 2020, the number of refugees worldwide increased by 7 million, reaching 26 million by mid-2021.
- In 2022, the total number of forcibly displaced people globally reached 108.4 million, including 35.3 million refugees.
- South-South migration accounted for 38% of all international migration in 2020, involving 107 million migrants.
- The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 27% drop in international migrant stock growth between 2019 and 2020.
- By 2030, the international migrant stock is projected to reach 405 million if trends continue at current rates.
- In 2020, 74% of international migrants were of working age (15-64 years).
- The number of international students as migrants reached 5.6 million in 2020, a 25% increase from 2015.
- Undocumented migrants are estimated to comprise 10-30% of the global migrant stock, around 28-84 million people.
- Climate-induced displacement affected 21.5 million people annually from 2010-2019.
- In 2021, international remittances totaled $702 billion, with $605 billion going to low- and middle-income countries.
- Global migration corridors like Mexico-US saw 11 million migrants in 2020.
- The share of migrants in the global population rose from 2.9% in 1990 to 3.6% in 2020.
- In 2020, 85 million international migrants lived in high-income countries.
- Youth migrants (15-24 years) numbered 36 million globally in 2020.
- The Global Compact for Migration was endorsed by 164 UN member states in 2018.
- Internal displacement due to conflict and disasters reached 40.5 million new cases in 2022.
- 281 million international migrants contributed $6.7 trillion to global GDP in 2015.
- By 2050, 143 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America may migrate due to climate slow-onset factors.
- In 2020, Europe received 1.2 million asylum applications.
- Global irregular border crossings detected by Frontex reached 330,000 in 2022.
- The number of stateless persons estimated globally is 4.4 million as of 2023.
- In 2022, 117 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide.
- Migration contributed to 9% of global population growth between 2000 and 2020.
- 48% of international migrants were born in Asia in 2020.
- In 2019, 272 million international migrants represented 3.5% of world population.
Global Overview Interpretation
Despite our often hostile rhetoric about borders, 2020's 281 million international migrants—just 3.6% of us, yet contributing trillions to global GDP—reveal a stubborn human truth: we are, and always have been, a species quietly but persistently in motion, driven by hope, crisis, and the fundamental need to simply find a better life.
Latin America
- In 2020, Latin America and Caribbean hosted 15 million migrants.
- Brazil had 1.2 million Venezuelans in 2023.
- Mexico's migrant transit: 700,000 through Darien Gap in 2023.
- Argentina hosted 1.5 million immigrants, 3.4%.
- Colombia sheltered 2.5 million Venezuelans in 2023.
- Peru had 1.5 million Venezuelans in 2023.
- Chile's Haitian migrants: 200,000 in 2023.
- Central America's Northern Triangle sent 800,000 to US 2018-2023.
- Ecuador granted 100,000 visas to Venezuelans.
- Costa Rica hosted 300,000 Nicaraguans.
- Panama's Darien crossings: 520,000 in 2023.
- Uruguay's migrant stock: 100,000.
- Dominican Republic had 500,000 Haitians.
- Remittances to Latin America: $142 billion in 2023.
- 60% of Venezuelans abroad since 2014.
- Brazil's refugee status to 60,000 Venezuelans.
- Guatemala's deportees from US: 20,000 annually.
- El Salvador Bitcoin migration policy attracted 1,000.
Latin America Interpretation
While the staggering statistics paint Latin America and the Caribbean as a region in profound motion—hosting millions, sheltering neighbors, and watching its own people leave—the true story is written in the quiet resilience of nations like Colombia and Brazil, the perilous journeys through the Darien Gap, and the bittersweet lifeline of $142 billion in remittances sent back home.
Middle East
- UAE hosted 8.7 million migrants in 2020, 88% of population.
- Saudi Arabia had 13.5 million expatriates in 2023, 39%.
- Turkey hosted 3.6 million Syrian refugees in 2023.
- Jordan sheltered 660,000 Syrian refugees in 2023.
- Lebanon's Syrian refugees: 780,000 registered in 2023.
- Gulf Cooperation Council countries host 25 million migrants.
- Qatar's migrant population: 2.1 million, 88% in 2020.
- Kuwaiti expatriates: 3.1 million in 2023, 69%.
- Oman hosted 1.8 million migrants in 2023.
- Bahrain's foreign workers: 700,000, 50% of population.
- Iran hosted 3.4 million Afghans in 2023.
- Iraq returned 1.1 million IDPs in 2023.
- Yemen had 4.5 million IDPs in 2023.
- Israel absorbed 70,000 Ethiopian Jews since 1980s.
- Saudi kafala system governs 10 million workers.
- Turkey issued 1 million work permits in 2023.
- Egypt hosted 500,000 Sudanese refugees in 2023.
- Remittances to Middle East: $50 billion in 2022.
- 90% of UAE workforce is migrant.
- Syrian refugees in Middle East: 5.6 million total.
- Gulf states deportation rate: 500,000 annually pre-reform.
Middle East Interpretation
While the Gulf builds glittering towers on the shoulders of migrant majorities and Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon bear the staggering human cost of displacement, this entire region is quite literally being shaped by those who arrived with a suitcase and a prayer, sending hope—and fifty billion dollars—back home.
North America
- The US hosted 50.6 million immigrants in 2022, 15.1% of population.
- Canada admitted 431,645 permanent residents in 2022.
- Mexico had 1.2 million emigrants to the US in 2020.
- In 2023, US border encounters reached 2.5 million.
- Canada's immigrant population hit 8.3 million in 2023, 23%.
- Unauthorized immigrants in US numbered 11 million in 2022.
- US granted 1 million green cards in FY2022.
- Mexico received $60 billion in remittances in 2023.
- Canada issued 55,000 study permits in 2023.
- US asylum grants totaled 30,000 in FY2022.
- 25% of Canada's population growth in 2023 was from immigration.
- Unauthorized Mexican immigrants in US dropped 60% since 2007 peak.
- US H-1B visas issued: 386,000 in FY2023.
- Canada's Express Entry invitations: 110,000 in 2023.
- 4.6 million Venezuelans fled abroad by 2023, many to North America.
- US family-based immigration: 440,000 green cards in 2022.
- Mexico's northern border apprehensions: 700,000 in 2023.
- Canada's refugee resettlements: 76,000 in 2022.
- 37% of US physicians are foreign-born.
- US deported 142,580 in FY2023.
- Gulf of Mexico unauthorized entries minimal, under 10,000 annually.
- Canada francophone immigration target: 8% outside Quebec in 2023.
- US STEM OPT extensions: 100,000 annually.
- India's diaspora in North America: 5 million in 2023.
- US temporary protected status beneficiaries: 700,000 in 2023.
- In 2020, Northern America hosted 59 million international migrants.
North America Interpretation
The sheer scale and intricate machinery of North American migration—from the millions who arrive by policy or peril, to the billions sent home and the vital roles filled—reveals a continent perpetually reshaping itself through both open doors and guarded borders.
Policy
- In 2022, EU granted 3.7 million first residence permits.
- US asylum affirmative grants: 35,000 in FY2023.
- Canada's points system selected 60% economic migrants.
- Australia's skilled migration: 70% of permanent visas.
- EU Pact on Migration adopted in 2024, quotas for 30,000 relocations.
- Turkey-EU deal reduced crossings by 97% since 2016.
- US DACA protected 580,000 Dreamers in 2023.
- UK's points-based system post-Brexit: 250,000 visas 2023.
- France's talent passport: 10,000 annually.
- Spain's regularization: 600,000 in 2005.
- Italy quota system: 80,000 work permits 2023.
- Sweden family reunification: 20,000 grants yearly.
- Refugee resettlement: US 25,000, Canada 40,000 in 2023.
- Schengen visas issued: 10 million annually pre-COVID.
- EU return decisions: 300,000, 20% executed.
- Australia's offshore processing: 1,000 arrivals managed.
- MERCOSUR residence agreement benefits 5 million.
- African Continental Free Trade Area eases intra-migration.
- US parole for 500,000 Cubans/Haitians post-2022.
- Japan's specified skilled worker visas: 170,000 by 2024.
- Gulf Nitaqat system localized 20% jobs for nationals.
- EU Blue Card: 40,000 issued yearly.
- Global passports strength: Japan #1, Afghanistan #103.
- UNHCR resettled 110,000 refugees in 2023.
Policy Interpretation
From a global chessboard of quotas and points systems to humanitarian lifelines, the data paints a stark portrait of nations simultaneously opening doors for the skilled and sought-after while wrestling, often imperfectly, with the immense human weight of asylum, integration, and return.
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