Medical malpractice insurance costs affect physicians, hospitals, and patients across the U.S. Price patterns are influenced by claim frequency, jury award levels, and the legal environment. Over the past decade and a half, national premiums have eased, but specialty and state differences still create major variation—from OB/GYN and emergency medicine to hospitals. Below, you’ll compare national, state, and metro benchmarks and connect cost shifts to trends like tort reform, provider age, and recent award outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- National med mal premiums decreased by 2.1% from 2021 to 2022
- Between 2018 and 2023, average physician premiums fell 15% nationally
- From 2008 crisis peak to 2022, premiums dropped 45% adjusted for inflation
- Tort reforms reduced premiums 10-30% in adopting states 1990s-2020s
- Claims frequency correlates with 0.6 premium increases per 10% rise
- Jury awards above $250k drove 25% of premium hikes 2015-2022
- In 2022, the national average medical malpractice insurance premium for all physicians was $15,200 annually
- The median malpractice premium for hospitals nationwide in 2023 stood at $2.1 million per year
- U.S. average premium for obstetricians/gynecologists in 2021 was $50,400 per year
- OB/GYNs in high-risk states paid 45% more than average in 2022
- Neurosurgeons' average premium increased to $72,000 in urban areas in 2023
- General surgeons in the Midwest paid $25,400 on average in 2021
- New York physicians paid an average of $28,450 for malpractice insurance in 2022
- Florida's average malpractice premium for doctors in 2023 was $24,100 annually
- Pennsylvania average physician premium in 2021 was $22,800 per year
Premiums generally fell since 2008 and the 2021 to 2022 drop continued, but risks remain uneven.
Related reading
01 · Category
Historical Trends30 stats
01
National med mal premiums decreased by 2.1% from 2021 to 2022
02
Between 2018 and 2023, average physician premiums fell 15% nationally
03
From 2008 crisis peak to 2022, premiums dropped 45% adjusted for inflation
04
OB/GYN premiums declined 12% from 2019 to 2023
05
Surgeon premiums stabilized post-2015, down 8% by 2022
06
Emergency med premiums rose 5% in 2020 then fell 3% by 2023
07
Hospital premiums increased 4.2% annually from 2010-2020, then flat
08
From 2015-2022, primary care premiums dropped 18%
09
National claims frequency down 22% since 2001 peak to 2022
10
Payouts per claim rose 9% from 2018 to 2023 adjusted
11
NY premiums halved from 2002 high to 2022 levels
12
FL post-reform 2003 saw 65% premium drop by 2023
13
TX premiums fell 70% since 2003 tort reform to 2022
14
CA MICRA reform held premiums flat 1975-2022
15
From 1990-2020, med mal inflation-adjusted premiums down 25%
16
2020 pandemic saw temporary 7% premium relief in 2021
17
Claims severity up 42% from 2009 to 2022
18
Group practice premiums declined 11% 2017-2023 vs solo up 2%
19
Telemedicine added claims but premiums stable 2021-2023
20
Post-COVID, premiums rose 1.8% in 2023 after 2020 dip
21
From 2012-2022, neurosurgery premiums down 30%
22
Orthopedics saw 20% decline 2015-2023
23
Radiology premiums fell 25% since 2008 to 2022
24
Anesthesia costs down 35% inflation-adjusted 2000-2023
25
From 2010-2022, primary care steady at ~$10k avg
26
Hospitalist premiums tripled 2005-2015 then stabilized 2023
27
CRNA premiums down 15% post-2018 reforms to 2022
28
NPs saw 40% premium rise 2015-2023 due volume
29
-3.7% year-over-year change in average medical malpractice premium in 2022
30
-2.1% year-over-year change in average medical malpractice premium in 2021
Interpretation
Historical Trends Interpretation
Within the historical trends of medical malpractice insurance costs, the overall direction has been downward as national premiums fell 2.1% from 2021 to 2022 and dropped 15% from 2018 to 2023, reinforcing a multi year easing that reached a 45% inflation adjusted decline from the 2008 crisis peak to 2022.
report visual · Projection
Medical Malpractice Premiums: Year-over-Year Change (National)
Across 2018–2023, average medical malpractice premiums mostly rose but turned negative in 2020–2022, with 2023 rebounding to a positive increase led by the 2019 peak; the gap betwe
4.1 Percent change (YoY)
Start
-15.18%
CAGR · 5y
1.8 Percent change (YoY)
Projected
20192024
source-verifiedaon.com2023
02 · Category
Influencing Factors22 stats
01
Tort reforms reduced premiums 10-30% in adopting states 1990s-2020s
02
Claims frequency correlates with 0.6 premium increases per 10% rise
03
Jury awards above $250k drove 25% of premium hikes 2015-2022
04
Physician age over 55 pays 15% higher premiums on average
05
Solo practice premiums 40% higher than group in 2023
06
Urban location adds 28% to premiums vs rural 2022 data
07
Prior claims history increases premiums by 200-500% ongoing
08
High-risk procedures account for 60% of specialty premium variance
09
State tort reform caps reduce premiums 15-25% per studies
10
Inflation adjusted, defense costs rose 50% 2010-2022 impacting premiums
11
Patient volume >1000/yr correlates with 12% premium premium
12
Electronic health records reduce claims 18%, lowering premiums 5%
13
COVID-19 litigation fears added 3-7% to 2021-2023 premiums
14
reinsurance rates up 10% in 2022 drove carrier premium hikes
15
Board certification lowers premiums by 10-20% across specialties
16
Malpractice caps in 34 states saved $2.4B in premiums yearly
17
Obesity-related claims up 22%, raising OB premiums 8%
18
Telehealth claims doubled 2020-2023 but premiums only +2%
19
Investment returns on reserves fell 4% 2022, pressuring premiums up 1.5%
20
Gender factor: male physicians pay 12% more than females 2023
21
Experience <5 years pays 25% less than 20+ years
22
Bundled payments reduced claims 14%, impacting premium trends down
Interpretation
Influencing Factors Interpretation
Under influencing factors, the biggest driver is how local and claim-related dynamics stack up, with tort reforms cutting premiums by 10 to 30 percent in adopting states while higher claims and jury awards pushed hikes, including jury awards above 250k driving 25 percent of premium increases from 2015 to 2022.
03 · Category
National Averages30 stats
01
In 2022, the national average medical malpractice insurance premium for all physicians was $15,200annually
02
The median malpractice premium for hospitals nationwide in 2023 stood at $2.1 million per year
03
U.S. average premium for obstetricians/gynecologists in 2021 was $50,400per year
04
National average for general surgeons' malpractice insurance in 2022 was $32,100annually
05
In 2023, the average U.S. premium for emergency medicine physicians was $28,500per year
06
Nationwide average malpractice cost for internists in 2022 was $9,800annually
07
U.S. average premium for anesthesiologists in 2021 was $41,200per year
08
National median premium for radiologists in 2023 was $22,400annually
09
In 2022, average U.S. malpractice insurance for pediatricians was $7,500per year
10
Nationwide average for orthopedic surgeons in 2023 was $48,700annually
11
U.S. average premium for psychiatrists in 2021 was $6,200per year
12
National average for family practitioners in 2022 was $8,900annually
13
In 2023, U.S. average for neurosurgeons was $85,600per year
14
Nationwide median for cardiologists in 2022 was $19,300annually
15
U.S. average premium for dermatologists in 2021 was $11,200per year
16
National average for ophthalmologists in 2023 was $14,500annually
17
In 2022, U.S. average for urologists was $26,800per year
18
Nationwide average for pathologists in 2021 was $10,100annually
19
U.S. median premium for gastroenterologists in 2023 was $23,400per year
20
National average for plastic surgeons in 2022 was $37,200annually
21
In 2021, U.S. average for ENT specialists was $18,900per year
22
Nationwide premium for pulmonologists in 2023 averaged $15,600annually
23
U.S. average for rheumatologists in 2022 was $9,200per year
24
National median for endocrinologists in 2021 was $8,700annually
25
In 2023, U.S. average premium for oncologists was $24,100per year
26
Nationwide average for neurologists in 2022 was $20,500annually
27
U.S. premium for infectious disease specialists in 2021 averaged $12,300per year
28
National average for allergists in 2023 was $7,800annually
29
In 2022, U.S. median for hospitalists was $16,400per year
30
Nationwide average premium for CRNAs in 2021 was $25,900annually
Interpretation
National Averages Interpretation
Under the national averages, malpractice insurance costs vary widely by provider and setting, from $15,200 per year for all physicians in 2022 up to hospitals at a median $2.1 million per year in 2023 and obstetricians/gynecologists averaging $50,400 in 2021, showing how much the risk profile drives price nationwide.
More related reading
04 · Category
Specialty Specific Costs30 stats
01
OB/GYNs in high-risk states paid 45% more than average in 2022
02
Neurosurgeons' average premium increased to $72,000in urban areas in 2023
03
General surgeons in the Midwest paid $25,400on average in 2021
04
Emergency physicians' premiums averaged $35,200in 2022 for full limits
05
Anesthesiologists saw premiums of $48,500in 2023 for solo practice
06
Orthopedic surgeons' average cost was $55,100in 2021
07
Cardiothoracic surgeons paid $92,300annually in 2022
08
Radiologists' premiums averaged $28,900in high-volume practices in 2023
09
Plastic surgeons in cosmetic focus paid $62,400in 2021
10
Urologists' average premium was $32,700for invasive procedures in 2022
11
Ophthalmologists paid $19,200on average in 2023
12
ENT surgeons' premiums averaged $24,500in 2021
13
Gastroenterologists' endoscopy-focused premium was $29,100in 2022
14
Pediatric surgeons paid $41,800annually in 2023
15
Pathologists in hospital settings averaged $14,200in 2021
16
Dermatologic surgeons paid $22,300in 2022
17
Interventional radiologists' premium averaged $45,600in 2023
18
Vascular surgeons paid $68,900annually in 2021
19
Gynecologic oncologists averaged $76,200in 2022 premiums
20
Transplant surgeons' high-risk premium was $89,400in 2023
21
CRNAs in surgical settings paid $31,500on average in 2021
22
Nurse practitioners' malpractice averaged $4,200in primary care 2022
23
Physician assistants in surgery paid $8,900annually in 2023
24
Hospitalist internists averaged $18,600in 2021
25
Critical care physicians paid $39,200in 2022 premiums
26
Pain management specialists averaged $52,100in 2023
27
Bariatric surgeons paid $64,300annually in 2021
28
Hand surgeons averaged $33,400in 2022
29
Spine surgeons' premium was $71,500in 2023
30
Foot and ankle surgeons paid $42,800on average in 2021
Interpretation
Specialty Specific Costs Interpretation
Specialty specific costs show clear year and region differences, with OB/GYNs in high-risk states paying 45% more than average in 2022 while neurosurgeons’ urban premiums climbed to $72,000 in 2023.
Reference
Cite This Report
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APA
Elif Demirci. (2026, February 13). Medical Malpractice Insurance Cost Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/medical-malpractice-insurance-cost-statistics
MLA
Elif Demirci. "Medical Malpractice Insurance Cost Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/medical-malpractice-insurance-cost-statistics.
Chicago
Elif Demirci. 2026. "Medical Malpractice Insurance Cost Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/medical-malpractice-insurance-cost-statistics.
Sources & references
2 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+1 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)