Key Takeaways
- Global meat production in 2021 totaled 359 million metric tons, marking a 1.4% increase from 2020 and driven primarily by poultry growth;
- Poultry meat production worldwide reached 137 million metric tons in 2021, accounting for 38% of total meat output;
- Pork production globally was 110 million metric tons in 2021, representing 31% of all meat produced;
- Per capita pork consumption in the US reached 23.8 kg in 2022, highest globally;
- US annual red meat and poultry consumption averaged 97.4 kg per capita in 2021;
- Argentina's per capita beef consumption was 56.5 kg in 2021, leading South America;
- In the US, men consumed 25% more meat than women at 112 kg vs 89 kg per capita in 2021;
- US children aged 2-19 consumed 40 kg meat per capita annually in 2021;
- Elderly Americans over 71 ate 85 kg meat per capita in 2021;
- Processed meat intake linked to 18% higher colorectal cancer risk per 50g daily;
- Red meat consumption of 100g/day increases colorectal cancer risk by 17%;
- Daily 50g processed meat raises overall cancer risk by 18%;
- Livestock production accounts for 14.5% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions;
- Beef production emits 99 kg CO2eq per kg meat, vs 6 kg for chicken;
- Animal agriculture uses 77% of agricultural land but provides 18% calories;
Poultry leads surging global meat production and consumption trends worldwide.
Demographic Variations
- In the US, men consumed 25% more meat than women at 112 kg vs 89 kg per capita in 2021;
- US children aged 2-19 consumed 40 kg meat per capita annually in 2021;
- Elderly Americans over 71 ate 85 kg meat per capita in 2021;
- Globally, men consume 20% more meat than women on average, 47 kg vs 39 kg per capita;
- In high-income countries, meat intake peaks at ages 50-70 for men at 90 kg/year;
- Women in low-income nations consume 8 kg meat/year vs 12 kg for men;
- Urban residents worldwide eat 1.5x more meat than rural at 45 kg vs 30 kg per capita;
- Higher-income households consume 50% more meat than low-income globally;
- In China, urban per capita meat consumption was 60 kg vs 45 kg rural in 2020;
- US Hispanics consumed 92 kg meat per capita vs 98 kg for non-Hispanics in 2021;
- Vegetarians represent 6% of US adults, reducing average meat intake;
- In India, 30% of population vegetarian, pulling national average to 4 kg meat/capita;
- EU youth under 25 consume 15% less red meat than over 65s;
- Globally, 79% daily meat eaters, 14% occasional, 5% never per 2019 survey;
- In Brazil, richer quintile consumes 110 kg meat/capita vs 60 kg poorest;
- African American US adults eat 10% more poultry than whites;
- Women aged 19-30 in US average 75 kg meat/year, 20% less than men;
- Global youth under 18 consume 25% less red meat due to flexitarian trends;
- In Europe, higher education correlates with 12% lower meat consumption;
Demographic Variations Interpretation
Economic Data
- Global meat industry value reached $1.3 trillion in 2021;
- US meat and poultry market size $227 billion in 2022;
- Brazil exported $15 billion meat in 2022, 20% of global trade;
- Global pork market valued at $250 billion in 2021;
- Chicken industry generates $300 billion revenue worldwide annually;
- EU meat production worth €170 billion in 2021;
- China's meat imports cost $20 billion in 2022;
- US beef exports $11 billion in 2022;
- Global meat processing equipment market $10 billion by 2027;
- Livestock contributes 40% to agricultural GDP in developing countries;
- World meat trade volume 36 million tonnes in 2021, value $150 billion;
- US poultry exports $5.5 billion in 2022;
- India poultry market $20 billion in 2022;
- Global beef market projected $400 billion by 2028;
- Feed costs represent 70% of poultry production expenses globally;
- Meat provides livelihoods for 1.3 billion people worldwide;
- Australian beef exports $12 billion AUD in 2022;
- Russia meat production value 2.5 trillion RUB in 2021;
- Global halal meat market $2 trillion by 2025;
Economic Data Interpretation
Environmental Impact
- Livestock production accounts for 14.5% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions;
- Beef production emits 99 kg CO2eq per kg meat, vs 6 kg for chicken;
- Animal agriculture uses 77% of agricultural land but provides 18% calories;
- Meat production requires 15,000 liters water per kg beef;
- Global livestock uses 29% of land surface excluding Antarctica;
- Ruminant meat causes 80% of livestock GHG emissions;
- Pork production land footprint 11 m2/kg vs 326 m2/kg for beef;
- Animal feed production drives 56% of total livestock emissions;
- Beef freshwater use 15,415 L/kg, lamb 10,412 L/kg, pork 6,000 L/kg;
- Livestock contributes 65% of emitted nitrous oxide, 37x more potent than CO2;
- Deforestation for pasture accounts for 80% Amazon cattle expansion;
- Global meat production biodiversity loss equivalent to 1/3 of cropland;
- Chicken GHG emissions 40x lower per kg protein than beef;
- Livestock manure produces 32% global ammonia emissions;
- US beef production uses 2,500 gallons water per pound steak;
- Feed conversion ratio for beef 25:1, pork 9:1, chicken 2:1;
- Global soy production 77% for animal feed, driving habitat loss;
- Meat consumption causes 51% of US food-related GHG emissions;
- Producing 1 kg lamb emits 24 kg CO2eq, pork 7.6 kg;
- Livestock sector responsible for 8-18% global GHG depending on methodology;
Environmental Impact Interpretation
Global Trends
- Global meat production in 2021 totaled 359 million metric tons, marking a 1.4% increase from 2020 and driven primarily by poultry growth;
- Poultry meat production worldwide reached 137 million metric tons in 2021, accounting for 38% of total meat output;
- Pork production globally was 110 million metric tons in 2021, representing 31% of all meat produced;
- Beef and buffalo meat production stood at 76 million metric tons in 2021, comprising 21% of global meat;
- Other meats including sheep, goat, and equine totaled 36 million metric tons in 2021 globally;
- World per capita meat consumption averaged 43.2 kg in 2020, up from 41.9 kg in 2019;
- From 1961 to 2020, global average meat consumption per person tripled from 10 kg to 43 kg annually;
- Meat supply worldwide grew by 70% between 1990 and 2020 to reach 58 kg per capita carcass weight equivalent;
- Chicken consumption per capita globally increased from 2.6 kg in 1961 to 15 kg in 2020;
- Pigmeat per capita consumption rose from 7.5 kg in 1961 to 15 kg in 2020 worldwide;
- Bovine meat per capita fell slightly from 10 kg in 1961 to 9 kg in 2020 globally;
- Total meat production worldwide has increased by 4x since 1961, reaching over 350 million tonnes in 2021;
- Asia accounted for 52% of global meat production in 2021 with 186 million tonnes;
- Americas produced 25% of world meat or 90 million tonnes in 2021;
- Europe contributed 18% of global meat production at 65 million tonnes in 2021;
- Africa produced 4% or 14 million tonnes of meat globally in 2021;
- Oceania's meat output was 1% of global total at 3.6 million tonnes in 2021;
- Global meat consumption projected to rise 14% by 2030 to 570 million tonnes from 2020 levels;
- By 2050, world meat production expected to reach 570 million tonnes, up 72% from 2005;
- Poultry projected to be 49% of global meat supply by 2030, up from 41% in 2021;
- Pigmeat share of global supply to decline to 27% by 2030 from 31% in 2021;
- Ruminant meat expected to hold 22% of world meat supply in 2030;
- Global meat demand grew at 2.4% annually from 2000-2019, fastest in poultry at 3.2%;
- From 1961-2019, meat consumption increased 3.4-fold globally while population grew 2.4-fold;
- World meat production per capita rose 58% from 1961 to 2014 to 42.1 kg/year;
- Between 1990 and 2018, global meat production increased 58% to 334 million tonnes;
- FAO projects global meat consumption to increase by 76% from 2005-2050 levels;
- In 2018, total global meat production was 342.8 million tonnes carcass weight equivalent;
- Global meat supply reached 56.6 kg/capita in 2018, up from 35.6 kg in 1990;
- Poultry meat production grew at 2.9% annually from 2000-2021 globally;
- In 2022, world broiler meat production forecasted at 102 million metric tons;
Global Trends Interpretation
Health Effects
- Processed meat intake linked to 18% higher colorectal cancer risk per 50g daily;
- Red meat consumption of 100g/day increases colorectal cancer risk by 17%;
- Daily 50g processed meat raises overall cancer risk by 18%;
- High red meat intake (>100g/day) associated with 23% higher type 2 diabetes risk;
- Processed meat consumption links to 19% increased cardiovascular disease mortality;
- Each 100g/day unprocessed red meat raises ischemic heart disease risk by 9%;
- High meat eaters have 15% higher all-cause mortality vs low consumers;
- Poultry consumption not linked to increased cancer risk unlike red/processed;
- Excessive red meat intake correlates with 20% higher stroke risk;
- Processed meat daily raises pancreatic cancer risk by 19%;
- High meat diets contribute to 11% of US ischemic heart disease deaths;
- Red meat heme iron increases colon cancer risk by 12% per 10mg daily;
- Bacon intake of 14 slices/week links to 20% higher pancreatic cancer;
- High processed meat consumption associated with 14% higher breast cancer risk;
- Meat-heavy diets raise obesity risk by 25% vs plant-based;
- Daily sausage links to 13% increased stomach cancer risk;
- Red meat over 70g/day increases endometrial cancer by 23%;
- Processed meats contribute to 34,000 cancer deaths yearly in US;
- High meat intake linked to 16% higher prostate cancer risk;
- Unprocessed red meat 100g/day raises heart failure risk by 11%;
Health Effects Interpretation
Regional Consumption
- Per capita pork consumption in the US reached 23.8 kg in 2022, highest globally;
- US annual red meat and poultry consumption averaged 97.4 kg per capita in 2021;
- Argentina's per capita beef consumption was 56.5 kg in 2021, leading South America;
- Brazil consumed 94.2 kg meat per capita in 2021, with beef at 41.5 kg;
- EU-27 average meat consumption was 69 kg per capita in 2020, down 2% from 2019;
- Israel's per capita meat consumption hit 102 kg in 2021, highest worldwide;
- China's meat consumption per capita reached 62 kg in 2021, up 5% from 2020;
- India had the lowest per capita meat consumption at 4.4 kg in 2021 globally;
- Australia's per capita meat intake was 91.6 kg in 2021, led by beef at 35 kg;
- In sub-Saharan Africa, average meat consumption was 10.2 kg per capita in 2020;
- North Africa and Middle East per capita meat consumption averaged 27 kg in 2020;
- Latin America excluding Brazil averaged 75 kg meat per capita in 2021;
- US poultry consumption per capita was 49.2 kg in 2022, up 1% from prior year;
- Canada’s total meat consumption per capita stood at 85 kg in 2021;
- Russia's per capita meat consumption reached 74 kg in 2021, pork dominant at 25 kg;
- Japan's meat intake per capita was 52 kg in 2021, pork at 23 kg leading;
- South Korea consumed 55 kg meat per capita in 2021, poultry rising fastest;
- Mexico's per capita consumption was 72 kg in 2021, beef at 28 kg;
- Nigeria's average meat consumption was 6.5 kg per capita in 2020, lowest in Africa;
- Egypt consumed 24 kg meat per capita in 2020, poultry at 12 kg;
- Turkey's per capita meat intake was 19 kg in 2021, up 10% in poultry;
- In 2020, urban Chinese consumed 30% more meat per capita than rural at 65 kg vs 50 kg;
- EU poultry consumption averaged 25 kg per capita in 2020;
- Germany's per capita meat consumption fell to 55 kg in 2022 from 60 kg in 2018;
- France consumed 76 kg meat per capita in 2021, pork declining;
- UK average meat intake was 79 kg per capita in 2021;
Regional Consumption Interpretation
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