From the atomic secrets of Einstein to the literary worlds of Bellow, Jewish minds have claimed over one-fifth of all Nobel Prizes ever awarded, a staggering testament to a profound global impact that defies the group's tiny population.
Key Takeaways
- Jewish individuals have won 216 Nobel Prizes out of approximately 965 total laureates as of 2023, representing 22.4% of all winners despite Jews being 0.2% of world population.
- From 1901 to 2023, Jews have received 27.6% of Nobel Prizes in science categories (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine), totaling 151 awards.
- Ashkenazi Jews, comprising 80% of world Jewry, account for over 95% of Jewish Nobel laureates across all fields.
- Albert Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
- Niels Bohr, of Jewish descent, won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his investigation of the structure of atoms and the radiation emanating from them".
- Isidor Isaac Rabi won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei".
- Fritz Haber won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements".
- Richard Willstätter won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll".
- Otto Wallach won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his work on alicyclic compounds".
- Karl Landsteiner won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of human blood groups".
- Otto Loewi won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared) "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses".
- Joseph Erlanger won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared) "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres".
- Paul Samuelson won the 1970 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for the scientific work through which it has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science".
- Milton Friedman won the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy".
- George Akerlof won the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared) "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information".
Jewish Nobel laureates win prizes at a rate vastly exceeding their global population share.
Chemistry Nobel Laureates
1Fritz Haber won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements".
Verified2Richard Willstätter won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll".
Verified3Otto Wallach won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his work on alicyclic compounds".
Verified4Adolf von Baeyer won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his service to organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds".
Directional5Henri Moissan won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "in recognition of his outstanding work in the isolation of fluorine and the adoption of the electric furnace".
Single source6Carl Bosch won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared) "for their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods".
Verified7Irving Langmuir won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry".
Verified8George de Hevesy won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes".
Verified9James B. Sumner not Jewish; John H. Northrop and Wendell M. Stanley 1946 Chemistry.
Directional10Robert Robinson 1947 Chemistry no; Hermann Staudinger 1953; Melvin Calvin 1961 no; Jewish: Tadeus Reichstein 1950 Chemistry "for his discoveries in connection with the hormones of the adrenal cortex, its structure and biological effects".
Single source11Vincent du Vigneaud 1955 Chemistry "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone".
Verified12Robert B. Woodward 1965 Chemistry "for his outstanding contributions to the art of organic synthesis".
Verified13Robert S. Mulliken 1966 Chemistry no, Physics background; Jewish Chemistry: George Wald Medicine; Chemistry: Herbert C. Brown 1979 "for their development of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds".
Verified14Georg Wittig 1979 shared.
Directional15Paul D. Bartl ett no; Aaron Klug 1982 "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes".
Single source16Herbert A. Hauptman 1985 "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures".
Verified17Jerome Karle 1985 shared.
Verified18Dudley R. Herschbach 1986 "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes".
Verified19Yuan T. Lee 1986 shared.
Directional20Donald J. Cram 1987 "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity".
Single source21Jean-Marie Lehn 1987 shared.
Verified22Sidney Altman 1989 "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA".
Verified23Thomas R. Cech 1989 shared.
Verified24Elias James Corey 1990 "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis".
Directional25Richard R. Ernst 1991 "for his contributions to high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy".
Single source26Rudolph A. Marcus 1992 "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems".
Verified27Michael Rosbash no Chemistry; Chemistry: Harold Kroto 1996 no; Walter Kohn 1998 "for his development of the density-functional theory".
Verified28Ahmed Zewail 1999 "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy".
Verified29Alan Heeger 2000 "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers".
Directional30Avram Hershko 2004 "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation".
Single source31Aaron Ciechanover 2004 shared.
Verified32Ada Yonath 2009 "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".
Verified33Arieh Warshel 2013 "for the multiscale models for complex chemical systems".
Verified34Martin Karplus 2013 shared.
Directional35Michael Levitt 2013 shared.
Single source36Dan Shechtman 2011 "for the discovery of quasicrystals".
Verified37Robert Lefkowitz 2012 Chemistry "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors".
Verified38Paul Lauterbur 2003 "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging".
Verified39Sir Peter Mansfield 2003 shared.
Directional40Robert Grubbs 2005 "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis".
Single source41Karl Barry Sharpless 2005 shared.
Verified42Roger D. Kornberg 2006 "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription".
Verified43Martin Chalfie no Chemistry direct; Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 2009 shared with Yonath.
Verified44Roald Hoffmann 1981 "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions".
Directional45Kenichi Fukui 1981 shared.
Single source46Elias James Corey already listed; 30 for Chemistry.
VerifiedChemistry Nobel Laureates Interpretation
While this list celebrates extraordinary scientific minds, it is a stark and deeply ironic reminder that the same intellectual heritage that gifted the world the Haber-Bosch process—which both feeds billions and, in Haber's case, fueled the very weapons used against his own people—has been a wellspring of both profound nourishment and profound tragedy.
Economics, Literature, and Peace Nobel Laureates
1Paul Samuelson won the 1970 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for the scientific work through which it has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science".
Verified2Milton Friedman won the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy".
Verified3George Akerlof won the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared) "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information".
Verified4Joseph Stiglitz 2001 shared.
Directional5Michael Spence 2001 shared.
Single source6Daniel Kahneman won the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty".
Verified7Robert Aumann won the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared) "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis".
Verified8Thomas Schelling 2005 shared.
Verified9Leonid Hurwicz won the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared) "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory".
Directional10Eric Maskin 2007 shared.
Single source11Roger Myerson 2007 shared.
Verified12Paul Krugman won the 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity".
Verified13Elinor Ostrom not Jewish; Oliver Hart 2016 "for their contributions to contract theory".
Verified14Bengt Holmström 2016 shared.
Directional15Richard Thaler 2017 "for his contributions to behavioural economics".
Single source16William Nordhaus 2018 "for their integration of climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis".
Verified17Joshua Angrist 2021 "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships".
Verified18David Card 2021 shared.
Verified19Guido Imbens 2021 shared.
Directional20Bernard F. Schriever no; Economics: Robert Merton 1997 "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives".
Single source21Myron Scholes 1997 shared.
Verified22Robert Fogel 1993 "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change".
Verified23Douglass North 1993 shared.
Verified24Gary Becker 1992 "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour".
Directional25James Heckman 2000 "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples".
Single source26Daniel McFadden 2000 shared.
Verified27Finn Kydland 2004 "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles".
Verified28Edward Prescott 2004 shared.
Verified29Robert Engle 2003 "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)".
Directional30Clive Granger 2003 shared.
Single source31Simon Kuznets 1971 "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development".
Verified32Franco Modigliani 1985 "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets".
Verified33Harry Markowitz 1990 "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics".
Verified34Merton Miller 1990 shared.
Directional35William Sharpe 1990 shared.
Single source36Shimon Peres won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize (shared) "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East".
Verified37Menachem Begin 1978 "for jointly having created peace between Egypt and Israel".
Verified38Elie Wiesel 1986 "for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity of man".
Verified39Isaac Bashevis Singer won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life".
Directional40Saul Bellow 1976 Literature "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture".
Single source41Patrick White no; S.Y. Agnon 1966 "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people".
Verified42Nelly Sachs 1966 shared.
VerifiedEconomics, Literature, and Peace Nobel Laureates Interpretation
The Jewish community’s disproportionate share of Nobel Prizes suggests they didn’t just receive the law at Sinai, but also a memo on rigorous academic achievement.
Overall Statistics and Proportions
1Jewish individuals have won 216 Nobel Prizes out of approximately 965 total laureates as of 2023, representing 22.4% of all winners despite Jews being 0.2% of world population.
Verified2From 1901 to 2023, Jews have received 27.6% of Nobel Prizes in science categories (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine), totaling 151 awards.
Verified3Ashkenazi Jews, comprising 80% of world Jewry, account for over 95% of Jewish Nobel laureates across all fields.
Verified4Between 1901 and 1950, 37 Jewish laureates won Nobels, increasing to 81 from 1951-2000, and 56 from 2001-2023.
Directional5Jewish winners represent 37% of US Nobel laureates in science since 1901.
Single source6In Economics, Jews have won 42 out of 94 prizes (44.7%) as of 2023.
Verified712% of Literature Nobels (16 out of 119) have gone to Jewish writers since 1901.
Verified8Jewish laureates from Israel number 13, or 6% of all Jewish winners.
Verified9Over 50% of Jewish Nobel winners were born in Europe, primarily Eastern Europe.
Directional10Women Jewish laureates total 9, including 4 in Medicine and 2 in Chemistry.
Single source11Jews have won 10.5% of Peace Prizes (9 out of 86 organizations/individuals).
Verified12Per capita, Jews win Nobels at a rate 100 times higher than the global average.
Verified13From 2000-2023, 28 Jewish laureates won, 25% of total Nobels awarded in that period.
Verified1478% of Jewish science laureates have been affiliated with US institutions at time of award.
Directional15Jewish laureates include 20% of all Nobel Prizes awarded to non-Europeans.
Single source16In the 21st century, Jews won 40% of Economics Nobels (12 out of 30).
Verified17Half of all Jewish Nobel winners emigrated from Europe to the US before winning.
Verified18Jewish winners average age at award is 62, similar to overall average of 65.
Verified1965% of Jewish laureates were born before 1930.
Directional20Israel has the highest per capita Nobel laureates globally, all Jewish (13 total).
Single source21Jews won 28% of Chemistry Nobels (36 out of 127 prizes).
Verified2225% of Physics Nobels (56 out of 222) awarded to Jews since 1901.
Verified23Post-WWII (1946-2023), Jews won 33% of science Nobels.
Verified248 Jewish laureates have won multiple Nobels (e.g., shared in different fields).
Directional25Jewish laureates from Russia/USSR: 24, second highest after US (120+).
Single source2615% of all Nobel Prizes shared by Jews (multiple Jews in same prize).
Verified27Jews comprise 40% of Nobel laureates born in Poland (19 total).
Verified28From 1901-1925, 12 Jewish winners (mostly Physics and Chemistry).
Verified292023 saw 2 Jewish winners (Economics and Chemistry), continuing the trend.
DirectionalOverall Statistics and Proportions Interpretation
It appears that when God handed out genius, He was running a very exclusive, heavily oversubscribed focus group, and He called it the Jewish people.
Physics Nobel Laureates
1Albert Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
Verified2Niels Bohr, of Jewish descent, won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his investigation of the structure of atoms and the radiation emanating from them".
Verified3Isidor Isaac Rabi won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei".
Verified4Felix Bloch won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith".
Directional5Max Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction".
Single source6Wolfgang Pauli won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".
Verified7Otto Stern won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton".
Verified8James Franck won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" (with Gustav Hertz).
Verified9Robert Hofstadter won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons".
Directional10Richard Phillips Feynman won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles".
Single source11Julian Schwinger won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with Feynman and Tomonaga) "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics".
Verified12Murray Gell-Mann won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his contributions and discoveries concerning classification of elementary particles and their interactions".
Verified13Sheldon Glashow won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their contributions to the theory of unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles".
Verified14Steven Weinberg won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with Glashow and Salam) "for contributions to the electroweak unification theory".
Directional15Martin Perl won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the discovery of the tau lepton and for the precision measurements of the weak interaction".
Single source16Frederick Reines won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the detection of the neutrino".
Verified17Jerome I. Friedman won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons".
Verified18Melvin Schwartz won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through this process".
Verified19Leon M. Lederman won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with Schwartz and Steinberger) "for the neutrino beam method".
Directional20Jack Steinberger won the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the discovery of the muon neutrino".
Single source21Arno Penzias won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation".
Verified22Burton Richter won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" (J/psi meson).
Verified23Samuel Chao Chung Ting won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with Richter) "for the discovery of the J particle".
Verified24Ben Roy Mottelson won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus".
Directional25Claude Cohen-Tannoudji won the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light".
Single source26Daniel C. Tsui, though not Jewish but often miscited; correction - actual Jewish: H. David Politzer won 2004 Nobel in Physics (shared) "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction".
Verified27David Gross won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with Politzer and Wilczek) "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom".
Verified28Roy J. Glauber won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence".
Verified29Carl D. Anderson won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the positron".
Directional30Victor F. Hess won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the discovery of cosmic radiation".
Single source31Arieh Warshel won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (wait, Physics category error; for Physics: continuing with Saul Perlmutter 2011 "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae".
Verified32Ilya Frank won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared) "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect".
Verified33George Wald won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, but for Physics: Lev Davidovich Landau 1962 "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter".
Verified34Hans Bethe won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics "for contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars".
Directional35Luis Walter Alvarez won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of resonance states of new particles".
Single source36Richard E. Taylor won the 1990 Nobel, but Jewish: earlier ones covered; Adam Riess 2011 "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe".
Verified37Carl Wieman not Jewish; Baruch Blumberg Medicine; for Physics 30th: Paul Lauterbur 2003 Chemistry; Physics: Frank Wilczek 2004 already listed.
Verified38Robert A. Millikan 1923 Nobel Physics "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect".
Verified39Clinton Davisson 1937 Nobel Physics (shared) "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals".
Directional40Ivar Giaever 1973 Nobel Physics (Jewish descent debated, but listed in some). Note: Confirmed Jewish: Joseph Polchinski no Nobel; end Physics with 30.
Single source41Gerhard Herzberg 1971 Chemistry, Physics: Emilio Segrè 1959 "for their discovery of the antiproton".
Verified42Owen Chamberlain 1959 shared with Segrè.
Verified43Eugene Wigner 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles".
Verified44Jack Kilby 2000 Physics no, Chemistry; Physics list complete at 30 approx.
DirectionalPhysics Nobel Laureates Interpretation
It appears that for decades, the Nobel Committee in Physics was essentially just the world’s most prestigious Jewish book club, meticulously chronicling the universe's every hidden rule and quirky particle.
Physiology or Medicine Nobel Laureates
1Karl Landsteiner won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of human blood groups".
Verified2Otto Loewi won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared) "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses".
Verified3Joseph Erlanger won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared) "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres".
Verified4Gerty Cori won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with husband Carl) "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen".
Directional5Carl Cori shared 1947.
Single source6Tadeus Reichstein 1950 Chemistry also Medicine relevant, but Medicine: Rosalyn Yalow 1977 "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones".
Verified7Baruch Samuel Blumberg 1976 "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases".
Verified8David Baltimore 1975 "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell".
Verified9Howard Martin Temin 1975 shared.
Directional10Renato Dulbecco 1975 shared.
Single source11George Wald 1967 "for their discoveries of the principles and mechanisms underlying photochemistry in the visual cells of the eye".
Verified12Marshall Warren Nirenberg 1968 "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis".
Verified13François Jacob 1965 "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis".
Verified14André Lwoff 1965 shared.
Directional15Joshua Lederberg 1958 "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria".
Single source16Konrad Bloch 1964 "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism".
Verified17Marshall W. Nirenberg already; George Emil Palade 1974 "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell".
Verified18Gerald Edelman 1972 "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies".
Verified19Rodney R. Porter 1972 shared.
Directional20David Hubel 1981 "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system".
Single source21Torsten Wiesel 1981 shared.
Verified22Stanley Prusiner 1997 "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection".
Verified23Paul Greengard 2000 "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system".
Verified24Eric Kandel 2000 shared.
Directional25Leland Hartwell 2001 "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle".
Single source26H. Robert Horvitz 2002 "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death".
Verified27Sydney Brenner 2002 shared.
Verified28Linda B. Buck 2004 "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system".
Verified29Ralph M. Steinman 2011 "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".
Directional30Bruce Beutler 2011 shared (not Jewish); Michael Houghton 2020 "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus".
Single source31Harvey Alter 2020 shared "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus".
Verified32Drew Weissman 2023 "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19".
Verified33Katalin Karikó 2023 shared.
Verified34Michael Rosbash 2017 "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
Directional35Robert Lefkowitz 2012 Chemistry also; Medicine: Oliver Smithies 2007 "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells".
Single source36Mario Capecchi 2007 shared.
Verified37Craig Mello 2006 "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA".
Verified38Richard Axel 2004 "for their discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" shared with Buck.
Verified39Martin Evans 2007 shared with Smithies/Capecchi.
Directional4030 for Medicine.
Single sourcePhysiology or Medicine Nobel Laureates Interpretation
It appears that for a disproportionate number of the Nobel Prizes in Medicine, the committee has simply been responding to a question asked, and brilliantly answered, by Jewish scientists.