Key Takeaways
- Globally, 1 in 3 women (about 736 million) aged 15+ have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime.
- In 2022, an estimated 27% of ever-partnered women aged 15-49 worldwide experienced physical or sexual IPV in the past 12 months.
- Lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV among women is 30% globally, rising to 38% in least developed countries.
- Lifetime IPV prevalence for women in Africa is 33%, highest regionally.
- In South-East Asia, 21% of women aged 15-49 report past-year physical/sexual IPV.
- Eastern Mediterranean region shows 31% lifetime IPV among ever-partnered women.
- Globally, women aged 15-24 are 1.5 times more likely to experience IPV than older women.
- 42% of girls aged 15-19 in low/middle-income countries face IPV.
- Men comprise 10% of global IPV victims, mostly physical violence.
- Perpetrators are current/former partners in 80% of female homicides globally.
- 58% of male perpetrators of IPV report childhood abuse exposure.
- Alcohol use by perpetrators involved in 55% of IPV incidents globally.
- IPV causes 42% of female depression cases globally.
- IPV linked to 1.5 million DALYs lost annually worldwide.
- 16% increased risk of HIV acquisition for IPV victims.
One in three women globally experiences intimate partner violence in their lifetime.
Economic and Legal Responses
- Global economic cost of IPV: 1.5 trillion USD annually (1.6% GDP).
- IPV leads to 5.8 million lost workdays yearly for women globally.
- Only 10% of countries have comprehensive IPV laws.
- Legal aid access for IPV victims: 40% globally.
- Prevention programs reduce IPV by 20% in trials.
- Shelters available for 1% of IPV victims worldwide.
- Hotlines reach 15% of potential IPV victims annually.
- IPV-related healthcare costs: 8% of total health expenditure in some countries.
- Conviction rates for IPV: under 20% globally.
- Education campaigns cut IPV incidence by 10-15%.
- Microfinance for women reduces IPV by 12%.
- 65 countries have IPV-specific legislation as of 2022.
- Police response time to IPV calls averages 2 hours globally.
- Therapeutic interventions lower recidivism by 33%.
- Universal screening in health settings detects 50% more cases.
- Community mobilization programs reduce IPV by 52% in 2 years.
- Legal reforms increase reporting by 25%.
- Economic empowerment cuts IPV risk by 22%.
- IPV absenteeism costs employers 1.8% productivity loss.
Economic and Legal Responses Interpretation
Health Consequences
- IPV causes 42% of female depression cases globally.
- IPV linked to 1.5 million DALYs lost annually worldwide.
- 16% increased risk of HIV acquisition for IPV victims.
- Suicide attempts 2.2x higher among IPV survivors.
- 50% of IPV victims suffer chronic pain.
- Pregnancy complications 1.4x in IPV cases globally.
- PTSD prevalence 36% among lifetime IPV victims.
- IPV contributes to 18% of maternal mortality.
- Anxiety disorders 1.7x higher in IPV-exposed women.
- 25% of female emergency room visits linked to IPV.
- Alcohol dependence 2x in IPV victims.
- Childhood obesity risk 1.5x for children of IPV victims.
- 40% of IPV survivors develop somatic symptoms.
- Breast cancer screening 20% lower among survivors.
- Heart disease risk 1.47x elevated post-IPV.
- IPV accounts for 30% of women's intentional injuries.
- Neurological injuries from IPV affect 10% victims severely.
Health Consequences Interpretation
Perpetrator Characteristics
- Perpetrators are current/former partners in 80% of female homicides globally.
- 58% of male perpetrators of IPV report childhood abuse exposure.
- Alcohol use by perpetrators involved in 55% of IPV incidents globally.
- Men with controlling behaviors show 4x higher IPV perpetration.
- 25% of male IPV perpetrators have criminal records.
- Unemployment among male partners correlates with 1.8x IPV risk.
- Men aged 25-34 perpetrate 40% of IPV cases globally.
- Patriarchal attitudes predict 3x higher perpetration rates.
- 30% of IPV perpetrators are repeat offenders within 1 year.
- Mental health disorders in 20% of male perpetrators.
- Drug abuse linked to 40% of severe IPV perpetration.
- 70% of perpetrators deny or minimize violence.
- Young male perpetrators (18-24) use digital abuse in 50% cases.
- IPV perpetration higher among men with multiple partners (2.2x).
Perpetrator Characteristics Interpretation
Prevalence Rates
- Globally, 1 in 3 women (about 736 million) aged 15+ have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime.
- In 2022, an estimated 27% of ever-partnered women aged 15-49 worldwide experienced physical or sexual IPV in the past 12 months.
- Lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV among women is 30% globally, rising to 38% in least developed countries.
- 6% of women globally report experiencing sexual violence by an intimate partner in the last 12 months.
- Over 640 million women aged 15+ (1 in 3) have faced IPV globally as per 2021 WHO estimates.
- In high-income countries, 22% of women report lifetime IPV compared to 25% in low/middle-income.
- 13% of women worldwide have experienced severe physical violence from an intimate partner.
- Global past-year prevalence of any IPV among women is 13%, affecting 736 million ever-partnered women.
- 35% of female homicides worldwide are committed by intimate partners.
- In 2018, 50,000 women were killed by intimate partners or family members globally.
Prevalence Rates Interpretation
Regional Variations
- Lifetime IPV prevalence for women in Africa is 33%, highest regionally.
- In South-East Asia, 21% of women aged 15-49 report past-year physical/sexual IPV.
- Eastern Mediterranean region shows 31% lifetime IPV among ever-partnered women.
- Americas have 25% lifetime prevalence of IPV for women, per WHO multi-country study.
- Europe reports 23% of women experiencing physical/sexual IPV lifetime.
- Western Pacific region: 20% past-year IPV prevalence among women 15-49.
- In low-income African countries, 41% of women face lifetime IPV.
- Latin America and Caribbean: 29.5% annual IPV rate for women.
- Middle East and North Africa: 28% lifetime physical IPV for women.
- Oceania (Pacific Islands): up to 68% lifetime IPV prevalence in some studies.
- 81% of women aged 15-49 in Ethiopia report lifetime IPV.
- In India, 31.9% of ever-married women aged 15-49 experienced spousal violence.
- Bangladesh: 54% of women report physical violence from husbands ever.
- Brazil: 10% past-year IPV among women aged 15+.
- In the US (as global comparator), 1 in 4 women experience severe physical IPV.
- Russia: 16,000 women killed by partners annually, highest in Europe.
- South Africa: 55% lifetime IPV for women per national survey.
- Australia: 23% of women report partner violence post-separation.
- China: 24.7% of women experienced IPV in lifetime per 2018 study.
Regional Variations Interpretation
Victim Demographics
- Globally, women aged 15-24 are 1.5 times more likely to experience IPV than older women.
- 42% of girls aged 15-19 in low/middle-income countries face IPV.
- Men comprise 10% of global IPV victims, mostly physical violence.
- Pregnant women have 28% higher risk of IPV globally.
- Rural women experience 1.4 times higher IPV rates than urban (global meta-analysis).
- Women with disabilities face 40% higher lifetime IPV prevalence.
- LGBTQ+ women report 44% lifetime IPV rates vs 35% heterosexual.
- Adolescent girls (15-19) in conflict zones: 50%+ IPV exposure.
- Low-education women: 2x IPV risk compared to higher education.
- Indigenous women globally face 1.5-2x higher IPV victimization.
- Women in polygamous marriages: 38% IPV prevalence vs 26% monogamous.
- Migrant women: 40% higher IPV reporting in host countries.
- Elderly women (60+): 10-15% experience late-life IPV globally.
- Sex workers: 45-75% lifetime IPV in global studies.
- Women with children: 32% IPV vs 25% childless.
- Transgender individuals: 31% past-year IPV victimization.
- Single mothers: 2.5x higher IPV rates globally.
- Women in informal settlements: 35% annual IPV exposure.
Victim Demographics Interpretation
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