While fossil fuels still fueled 80% of the world's growing energy appetite last year, a record surge in solar and wind power is lighting the way toward a more electrified future, according to the latest global energy statistics.
Key Takeaways
- In 2022, global primary energy demand grew by 1% or 136 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with fossil fuels accounting for 80% of the increase
- Saudi Arabia produced 10.7 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in 2023, leading global producers
- The United States produced 19.4 million b/d of total petroleum liquids including biofuels in 2023
- World total primary energy consumption reached 620 EJ in 2022, up 2.5% from 2021
- China consumed 171 EJ of primary energy in 2022, 28% of global total
- US energy consumption was 94 EJ in 2022
- World proved oil reserves totaled 1,732.4 billion barrels at end-2022
- Venezuela holds the largest proved oil reserves at 303.8 billion barrels end-2022
- Saudi Arabia’s proved oil reserves were 258.6 billion barrels end-2022
- Global average oil price Brent crude was $100.93 per barrel in 2022
- Henry Hub natural gas spot price averaged $6.45/MMBtu in 2022 US
- TTF European gas price peaked at €300/MWh in August 2022
- Global CO2 emissions from energy reached 36.8 Gt in 2022, up 0.9%
- China’s energy-related CO2 emissions were 11.9 Gt in 2022, 32% global
- US CO2 emissions from fossil fuels fell 0.8% to 4.7 Gt in 2022
Global energy demand and emissions rose in 2022, with fossil fuels still dominating consumption and production.
Consumption
- World total primary energy consumption reached 620 EJ in 2022, up 2.5% from 2021
- China consumed 171 EJ of primary energy in 2022, 28% of global total
- US energy consumption was 94 EJ in 2022
- India’s total energy consumption grew 4.5% to 40 EJ in 2022
- EU27 primary energy consumption fell 4.2% to 72 EJ in 2022 due to high prices
- Global oil products consumption averaged 99.5 million b/d in 2023
- Russia consumed 31 EJ of energy in 2022
- Japan’s energy consumption declined 2% to 17 EJ in 2022
- Global natural gas consumption rose 0.7% to 4,047 bcm in 2022
- Brazil’s energy consumption increased 2.8% to 14 EJ in 2022
- South Korea consumed 12.5 EJ in 2022
- Global coal consumption hit record 8.25 billion tonnes in 2022
- Germany’s final energy consumption dropped 4.9% in 2022 to 7,500 TWh equivalent
- Saudi Arabia’s oil consumption was 3.9 million b/d in 2023
- Canada consumed 13.5 EJ in 2022
- Global electricity consumption grew 2.5% to 27,000 TWh in 2022
- Australia’s energy consumption was 6.3 EJ in 2022-23
- Indonesia consumed 11 EJ in 2022
- UK final energy consumption fell 7% to 122 Mtoe in 2022
- Global renewables consumption share reached 13.3% of total energy in 2022
- Mexico’s energy consumption was 9 EJ in 2022
- France consumed 10 EJ in 2022 with nuclear at 65% of electricity
- Global road transport oil demand was 45 million b/d in 2022
- Turkey consumed 8 EJ in 2022
- Iran’s energy consumption was 13 EJ in 2022
- Global aviation fuel consumption recovered to 66 million b/d in 2023
- UAE energy consumption grew 5% to 3.5 EJ in 2022
Consumption Interpretation
Despite a record-breaking sprint towards coal-fired oblivion, the world's energy story remains a fractured drama of booming appetites, chastened retreats, and a renewables understudy still waiting for its full cue on the main stage.
Emissions
- Global CO2 emissions from energy reached 36.8 Gt in 2022, up 0.9%
- China’s energy-related CO2 emissions were 11.9 Gt in 2022, 32% global
- US CO2 emissions from fossil fuels fell 0.8% to 4.7 Gt in 2022
- EU27 CO2 emissions dropped 7.4% to 2.5 Gt in 2022
- India’s CO2 emissions rose 4.7% to 2.7 Gt in 2022
- Global coal CO2 emissions hit 15.5 Gt in 2022 record
- Oil-related CO2 emissions were 11.5 Gt globally in 2022
- Natural gas CO2 emissions grew 1.5% to 8.0 Gt in 2022
- Russia’s CO2 emissions fell 5.9% to 1.7 Gt in 2022
- Japan’s energy CO2 emissions declined 2.3% to 1.0 Gt 2022
- Global methane emissions from energy rose 4% to 135 Mt in 2022
- Power sector CO2 emissions increased 1.8% to 14.6 Gt globally 2022
- Transport sector CO2 stable at 8.0 Gt in 2022 post-COVID
- Industry CO2 emissions grew 1.2% to 9.9 Gt in 2022
- Buildings sector CO2 emissions down 1% to 3.2 Gt 2022
- China power CO2 emissions up 2% to 6.0 Gt in 2022
- Global NOx emissions from energy were 40 Mt in 2021
- SO2 emissions from coal power fell 10% globally to 40 Mt in 2022
- Aviation CO2 emissions recovered to 85% of 2019 levels 1 Gt 2022
- Cement industry CO2 emissions stable at 2.3 Gt globally 2022
- Steel sector CO2 emissions 2.0 Gt from coal in 2022
- Global fugitive methane from oil/gas 40 Mt CH4 equivalent 2022
- US power plant CO2 emissions down 7% to 1.3 Gt in 2022
- India coal power CO2 up 6% to 1.2 Gt in 2022
- Global HFC emissions from refrigeration grew 5% in 2022
- Brazil’s deforestation-related energy emissions 0.4 Gt CO2 2022
Emissions Interpretation
The world's carbon report card for 2022 shows a failing planet, with the global total still climbing thanks to coal's grim resurgence, even as a few honor students in the EU cut emissions while the biggest kid in class, China, remains responsible for nearly a third of the entire class's messy homework.
Prices
- Global average oil price Brent crude was $100.93 per barrel in 2022
- Henry Hub natural gas spot price averaged $6.45/MMBtu in 2022 US
- TTF European gas price peaked at €300/MWh in August 2022
- JKM LNG Asia spot price averaged $29.80/MMBtu in 2022
- Newcastle coal price reached $400/tonne in 2022 peak
- API2 coal price averaged €250/tonne in 2022 Europe
- Uranium spot price Ux averaged $52.70/lb U3O8 in 2022
- Brent crude forward curve for 2023 averaged $82/bbl
- US gasoline retail price averaged $3.95/gallon in 2022
- Diesel retail price in Europe hit €2.20/litre mid-2022
- Global LNG contract prices rose 60% to $18/MMBtu avg 2022
- Thermal coal FOB Richards Bay averaged $210/tonne 2022
- WTI crude oil price averaged $94.58/bbl in 2022
- Japanese crude cocktail (JCC) averaged $105/bbl 2022
- EU ETS carbon price peaked at €97/tCO2 in 2022
- California carbon allowance price averaged $30/tCO2 2022
- RBOB gasoline futures averaged $3.25/gal 2022 NYMEX
- Natural gas futures NBP UK averaged £120/MWh 2022
- South American soybean oil price for biodiesel feedstock $1,200/tonne 2022
- Global lithium carbonate spot price surged to $80,000/tonne end-2022
- Nickel LME price averaged $26,868/tonne 2022 for batteries
- Copper price averaged $8,718/tonne LME 2022 for electrification
Prices Interpretation
These dizzying prices paint a clear, costly picture: in 2022, the global energy market loudly demanded we invest in anything *other* than fossil fuels.
Production
- In 2022, global primary energy demand grew by 1% or 136 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with fossil fuels accounting for 80% of the increase
- Saudi Arabia produced 10.7 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in 2023, leading global producers
- The United States produced 19.4 million b/d of total petroleum liquids including biofuels in 2023
- Russia’s natural gas production reached 616 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2022 despite sanctions
- China’s coal production hit a record 4.33 billion tonnes in 2022
- Global solar PV production capacity added 299 GW in 2022
- Norway’s hydropower generation produced 137 TWh in 2022
- Qatar’s LNG production was 77.5 million tonnes in 2022
- India’s crude oil production was 772,000 b/d in FY 2022-23
- Brazil’s oil production from pre-salt fields reached 2.4 million b/d in 2023
- Global wind power capacity additions totaled 94 GW in 2022 onshore and offshore combined
- Australia’s coal production was 432 million tonnes in 2022-23
- Canada’s oil sands production contributed 3.3 million b/d in 2023
- Iran’s natural gas production was 256 bcm in 2022
- Germany’s electricity production from renewables reached 235 TWh in 2022
- UAE’s crude oil production averaged 3.2 million b/d in 2023
- Global bioenergy production was 59 EJ in 2021
- Indonesia’s coal production totaled 659 million tonnes in 2022
- US shale gas production hit 24.4 trillion cubic feet in 2023
- Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam produced 5.16 TWh in its first year 2022
- Global nuclear power generation was 2,658 TWh in 2022
- Kazakhstan’s oil production was 1.8 million b/d in 2023
- South Africa’s coal production declined to 226 million tonnes in 2022
- Vietnam’s hydropower capacity produced 100 TWh in 2022
- Global geothermal power generation was 92 TWh in 2021
- Mexico’s oil production was 1.6 million b/d in 2023
- Turkey’s lignite production was 78 million tonnes in 2022
- Global hydrogen production from fossil fuels was 96 Mt in 2022 excluding own use
- Colombia’s oil production reached 783,000 b/d in 2023
- Global CSP solar thermal electricity generation was 14 TWh in 2022
Production Interpretation
The energy transition is picking up steam with record renewable growth, but the stubborn, smoky reality is that our global thirst is still overwhelmingly quenched by the old fossil gang, who are digging, pumping, and producing at a feverish pace to prove they're not going quietly into that good night.
Reserves
- World proved oil reserves totaled 1,732.4 billion barrels at end-2022
- Venezuela holds the largest proved oil reserves at 303.8 billion barrels end-2022
- Saudi Arabia’s proved oil reserves were 258.6 billion barrels end-2022
- Russia’s proved oil reserves stood at 107.8 billion barrels end-2022
- Canada’s oil sands reserves are estimated at 166.4 billion barrels end-2022
- Iran’s proved oil reserves were 208.6 billion barrels end-2022
- Iraq holds 145 billion barrels of proved oil reserves end-2022
- UAE proved oil reserves at 111 billion barrels end-2022
- Kuwait’s proved oil reserves were 101.5 billion barrels end-2022
- Global proved natural gas reserves were 187 trillion cubic meters end-2022
- Russia has the largest gas reserves at 38 trillion cubic meters end-2022
- Iran’s natural gas reserves totaled 34 trillion cubic meters end-2022
- Qatar’s proved gas reserves were 23.9 trillion cubic meters end-2022
- Turkmenistan holds 11.4 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves end-2022
- US proved gas reserves increased to 13.6 trillion cubic meters end-2022
- Global proved coal reserves were 1,074 billion tonnes end-2022
- US anthracite and bituminous coal reserves are 250 billion tonnes
- Russia’s coal reserves totaled 162 billion tonnes end-2022
- Australia’s recoverable coal reserves are 149 billion tonnes end-2022
- China’s proved coal reserves were 143 billion tonnes end-2022
- India’s coal reserves stand at 119 billion tonnes end-2022
- Global uranium reserves (reasonably assured) totaled 6.1 million tonnes end-2021
- Australia has 28% of global uranium reserves at 1.68 million tonnes
- Kazakhstan’s uranium reserves are 815,000 tonnes end-2021
- Canada’s uranium reserves total 593,000 tonnes end-2021
- Global lithium reserves for batteries estimated at 98 million tonnes end-2023
- Chile holds 9.3 million tonnes of lithium reserves end-2023
- Australia’s lithium reserves are 6.2 million tonnes end-2023
- Global rare earth reserves totaled 120 million tonnes end-2023
- China dominates with 44 million tonnes of rare earth reserves end-2023
- Brazil’s niobium reserves are 842 million tonnes, key for energy transition
Reserves Interpretation
The world's proven reserves show a fossil fuel party still raging in the basement, even as the invitations for the renewable energy soiree—complete with lithium cocktails and rare earth canapés—are finally being sent out.
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