This page explains U.S. immigration deportation using key statistics about who is removed, where enforcement happens, and what drives outcomes. It highlights that in FY 2022, 72,177 ICE deportations occurred nationwide, with 59% at the border and 41% from the interior. You’ll also see how trends over time and factors like criminal records, family situations, and administrative policies shape removal patterns.
Key Takeaways
- FY 2023 Mexico accounted for 44% of all ICE deportations (62,000 individuals), primarily border crossers
- Guatemala: 22% of FY 2023 removals (31,000+), mostly family units and unaccompanied minors
- Honduras: 17% (24,000) of FY 2023 deportees, 65% with criminal records
- Of deportees in FY 2023, 56% were male adults aged 18-34
- In FY 2022, 91% of ICE deportees were male, with 68% under 40 years old
- FY 2019: 92% male deportees, average age 35.2 years, 22% with U.S. citizen children
- In fiscal year 2023, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) executed 142,580 formal removals of noncitizens, representing a 269% increase in interior removals compared to the previous year
- During FY 2022, ICE conducted 72,177 deportations nationwide, with 59% occurring at the border and 41% from the interior
- From 2003 to 2023, the U.S. deported over 5.6 million individuals through formal removal orders, peaking at 432,228 in FY 2013 under the Obama administration
- FY 2023 ICE arrested 170,590 individuals, leading to 142,580 removals, 95% priority targets
- FY 2022: 72,000 arrests by ICE ERO, 20,000 detainers issued to local jails
- Title 42 expulsions: 2.8 million from March 2020 to May 2023, mostly border enforcement
- FY 2023 cost per deportation averaged $13,000, totaling $1.85 billion for 142,580 removals
- ICE FY 2023 budget: $8.5 billion, 45% ($3.8B) for detention and removal operations
- Annual detention cost: $3.4 billion for 41,500 beds at $208/day per detainee FY 2023
In FY 2023, ICE carried out 142,580 removals, largely involving Central American nationals, mostly young men.
Related reading
01 · Category
Country Of Origin24 stats
01
FY 2023 Mexico accounted for 44% of all ICE deportations (62,000 individuals), primarily border crossers
02
Guatemala: 22% of FY 2023 removals (31,000+), mostly family units and unaccompanied minors
03
Honduras: 17% (24,000) of FY 2023 deportees, 65% with criminal records
04
El Salvador: 12% (17,100) in FY 2023, down due to TPS extensions
05
FY 2022 top: Mexico 35,000 (49%), Guatemala 15,000 (21%)
06
Colombia: 4% of FY 2023 removals (5,700), rising due to Venezuelan border policies
07
India: 2.5% (3,500) FY 2023, mostly visa overstays
08
China: 1.8% (2,500) in FY 2023, family-based violations
09
FY 2019 Mexico: 134,000 (50%), Central Triangle 35%
10
Brazil: 2% FY 2023 (2,800), up 150% from FY 2022
11
Venezuela: 3.2% (4,500) FY 2023, despite sanctions
12
FY 2021 Honduras: 11,000 (19%)
13
Ecuador: 1.7% FY 2023 (2,400)
14
Nigeria: 0.9% (1,300) FY 2023 asylum seekers
15
FY 2018 Guatemala: 27,000 (28%)
16
Peru: 1.1% FY 2023 (1,500)
17
FY 2020 El Salvador: 8,500 (14%)
18
Dominican Republic: 1.4% FY 2023 (2,000), criminal deportees
19
FY 2016 Mexico: 180,000 (53%)
20
Haiti: 0.8% FY 2023 (1,100), post-2021 surge
21
FY 2022 India: 1,200 (1.7%)
22
Nicaragua: 1.5% FY 2023 (2,100)
23
FY 2017 Honduras: 22,000 (24%)
24
Turkey: 0.5% FY 2023 (700)
Interpretation
Country Of Origin Interpretation
For the Country of Origin breakdown, Mexico alone drove 44 percent of FY 2023 ICE deportations with 62,000 people, and together Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras accounted for about 83 percent of all removals, showing how departures are heavily concentrated among a few source countries.
02 · Category
Demographic Profiles25 stats
01
Of deportees in FY 2023, 56% were male adults aged 18-34
02
In FY 2022, 91% of ICE deportees were male, with 68% under 40 years old
03
FY 2019: 92% male deportees, average age 35.2 years, 22% with U.S. citizen children
04
Among FY 2021 removals, 48% had criminal convictions or charges, primarily men from Central America
05
FY 2023: 39% of deportees were convicted criminals, 59% non-criminal, mostly single Mexican males
06
Obama era deportees: 85% Latino, 59% Mexican nationals, average family size 2.7 U.S.-born kids
07
FY 2018: 94% of interior removals were males, 71% with prior deportations
08
FY 2020: 25% of deportees were parents of U.S. citizens, predominantly from El Salvador and Guatemala
09
Trump FY 2017-2020: 82% male, 65% aged 25-44, 37% violent crime convicts
10
FY 2016: 88% Hispanic deportees, 12% unaccompanied minors repatriated
11
FY 2023 women deportees: 44,000 (31%), mostly non-criminal overstays
12
Average deportee education: 62% less than high school, 18% college, FY 2022 data
13
FY 2019 minors: 5,200 deported, 78% with families
14
FY 2021: 55% Central American, 32% Mexican, 7% Asian deportees
15
2023: 28% of deportees had lived in U.S. over 10 years
16
FY 2014: 91% male, 59% criminal removals
17
FY 2022 elderly (55+): 4% of deportees
18
FY 2018 families: 12,000 deported as units
19
FY 2020: 68% Spanish-speaking deportees
20
FY 2017: 45% with DUI convictions among criminals
21
FY 2023: 15% LGBTQ+ identified in surveys pre-deportation
22
FY 2016 unaccompanied minors: 19,000 repatriated voluntarily
23
FY 2021 employment: 72% of deportees in construction/labor sectors
24
FY 2019: 33% with tattoos indicating gang affiliation
25
FY 2022: 61% single, 29% married with U.S. ties
Interpretation
Demographic Profiles Interpretation
Across these demographic profiles, deportees are overwhelmingly male and concentrated in young adult ages, with 56% male aged 18 to 34 in FY 2023 and 91% male in FY 2022 where 68% were under 40.
03 · Category
Deportation Volumes30 stats
01
In fiscal year 2023, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) executed 142,580 formal removals of noncitizens, representing a 269% increase in interior removals compared to the previous year
02
During FY 2022, ICE conducted 72,177 deportations nationwide, with 59% occurring at the border and 41% from the interior
03
From 2003 to 2023, the U.S. deported over 5.6 million individuals through formal removal orders, peaking at 432,228 in FY 2013 under the Obama administration
04
In FY 2021, deportations dropped to 59,011 due to COVID-19 restrictions, the lowest since FY 1995
05
ICE's Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) removed 267,000+ individuals in FY 2019, including 143,000 with criminal convictions
06
Under Trump administration (FY 2017-2020), average annual deportations were 256,000, compared to 385,000 under Obama (FY 2009-2016)
07
FY 2020 saw 185,884 removals, with 81% border-related amid pandemic Title 42 expulsions totaling 189,000
08
Historical peak: 419,384 deportations in FY 2012, driven by Secure Communities program
09
FY 2016 deportations: 337,295 total removals, 240,255 by ICE
10
Post-9/11 era (FY 2002): 165,168 deportations, rising to 359,795 by FY 2008
11
FY 2023 interior removals surged to 38,000 from 14,000 in FY 2022
12
Biden era FY 2021-2023 average: 142,000 annual removals vs. Trump's 250,000
13
FY 2009 Obama peak: 389,834 removals
14
FY 2014: 414,481 total removals, highest on record
15
FY 1996: 69,680 deportations post-Illegal Immigration Reform Act
16
FY 2024 Q1: ICE removals at 27,000, on pace for 271,000 annually
17
Total deportations 1892-2023 exceed 60 million, including voluntary returns
18
FY 2018: 256,085 ICE removals
19
FY 2011: 391,953 removals
20
FY 2005: 246,431 deportations
21
FY 1990: 30,039 deportations, pre-IIRIRA surge
22
FY 2023 border removals: 104,580 by ICE
23
FY 2010: 382,449 removals
24
FY 2000: 183,114 deportations
25
FY 1980: 18,065 deportations
26
FY 2015: 333,413 removals
27
FY 2017: 226,119 ICE removals
28
FY 2019 interior: 85,000 removals
29
FY 2022 border: 52,127 ICE removals
30
FY 2020 interior: 30,000 removals amid Title 42
Interpretation
Deportation Volumes Interpretation
For the Deportation Volumes category, the data show a sharp surge in recent years as deportations climbed from 59,011 in FY 2021, the lowest since FY 1995 due to COVID-19, to 142,580 formal removals in FY 2023, indicating a major post-pandemic rebound in enforcement scale.
More related reading
04 · Category
Enforcement Actions21 stats
01
FY 2023 ICE arrested 170,590 individuals, leading to 142,580 removals, 95% priority targets
02
FY 2022: 72,000 arrests by ICE ERO, 20,000 detainers issued to local jails
03
Title 42 expulsions: 2.8 million from March 2020 to May 2023, mostly border enforcement
04
FY 2023: 775,000+ encounters led to 1.1 million removals/returns by CBP/ICE
05
Secure Communities program (2008-2014): 300,000+ deportations via local-federal data sharing
06
FY 2021: 310,000 removals/returns, lowest arrests at 125,000
07
ICE detention beds: 41,000 average FY 2023, up from 25,000 FY 2021
08
FY 2019: 143,000 criminal deportations via 510,000 arrests
09
Expedited removals: 189,000 in FY 2023, 70% at southwest border
10
FY 2022: 142,000 detainer responses, 75% compliance from sanctuary cities
11
Post-6/2024 Biden policy: 158,000 removals in 50 days
12
FY 2018: Priority enforcement reduced non-criminal arrests by 64%
13
Alien Transfer Exit Program (ATEP): 30,000 lateral repatriations FY 2023 to deter recidivism
14
FY 2020: 400,000 Title 42 expulsions by CBP
15
ICE fugitive operations: 37,000 arrests FY 2023, 75% criminals
16
Reinstatement of Removal orders: 52% of FY 2023 deportations (74,000)
17
FY 2016: 240,000 interior removals via 150,000 detentions
18
Alternatives to Detention (ATD): 180,000 participants FY 2023, 83% compliance rate
19
FY 2022 CBP One app returns: 50,000 voluntary
20
Gang arrests: MS-13/18th Street, 4,000 FY 2023 deportations
21
FY 2017 sanctuary non-compliance: 8,000 releases pre-deportation
Interpretation
Enforcement Actions Interpretation
Under the Enforcement Actions category, the data show a clear emphasis on detention and removals at high scale, with FY 2023 ICE arresting 170,590 people and carrying out 142,580 removals at 95% priority targeting, alongside CBP and ICE producing 1.1 million removals or returns from 775,000 plus encounters.
05 · Category
Fiscal And Economic Impacts20 stats
01
FY 2023 cost per deportation averaged $13,000,totaling $1.85 billion for 142,580 removals
02
ICE FY 2023 budget: $8.5 billion, 45% ($3.8B) for detention and removal operations
03
Annual detention cost: $3.4 billion for 41,500 beds at $208/day per detainee FY 2023
04
Total deportation costs 2009-2023: over $100 billion, averaging $10,500 per person
05
FY 2022 ERO spending: $4.1 billion for 72,000 removals, $57,000 per interior removal
06
Mass deportation proposal (1M/year): estimated $88 billion annually per American Immigration Council
07
FY 2023 charter flight costs: $250 million for 200+ repatriation flights
08
Lost GDP from deporting 11M unauthorized: $1.6 trillion over 10 years
09
FY 2019 removal costs: $3.2 billion for 267,000 deportations
10
Detention expansion FY 2024 request: $9.2 billion, 50,000 beds at $231/day
11
Obama era (2009-2016): $18 billion spent on deportations
12
FY 2021 low enforcement saved $1.5 billion vs. prior years
13
Commercial airline removals: $1,200per flight FY 2023 vs. $20,000 charters
14
Economic loss per deportee: $92,000lifetime taxes foregone for average worker
15
FY 2023 ATD program: $1.2 billion for 180,000 monitored, 70% cheaper than detention
16
Border wall/enforcement FY 2017-2021: $15 billion, indirect deportation support
17
FY 2020 Title 42: $500 million in expedited costs avoided vs. full processing
18
State/local costs for immigration enforcement: $18.1 billion annually, jails holding 87,000 ICE detainees
19
FY 2018: $3.9 billion ERO budget for 256,000 removals
20
Deportation recidivism costs: $2 billion yearly for re-entries
Interpretation
Fiscal And Economic Impacts Interpretation
Across the fiscal and economic impacts of deportation, costs have remained enormous and persistent, with FY 2023 averaging about $13,000 per deportation and totaling $1.85 billion for 142,580 removals, while the broader price tag since 2009 exceeds $100 billion overall.
report visual · Key figures
Top country-of-origin shares of ICE removals (latest years)
Mexico remains the largest source of deportations, with Guatemala and Honduras consistently among the next biggest shares in FY 2023, while other origins contribute smaller—yet notable—fractions.
44%
FY 2023 Mexico accounted for 44% of all ICE deportations (62,000 individuals), primarily border crossers
22%
Guatemala: 22% of FY 2023 removals (31,000+), mostly family units and unaccompanied minors
17%
Honduras: 17% (24,000) of FY 2023 deportees, 65% with criminal records
12%
El Salvador: 12% (17,100) in FY 2023, down due to TPS extensions
49%
FY 2022 top: Mexico 35,000 (49%), Guatemala 15,000 (21%)
report visual · Projection
Demographic profile shifts across recent fiscal years
Across multiple years, deportee demographics show recurring patterns—especially male predominance and differences by age, family status, and criminal history.
92 Share of deportees (%)
Start
-19.31%
CAGR · 4y
39 Share of deportees (%)
Projected
20222026
report visual · Comparison
Deportation volumes by year and peak periods
ICE and DHS removals show major fluctuations over time—peaking in the early 2010s, dipping during COVID-era restrictions, and rising again by FY 2023, including a surge in interior removals.
From 2003 to 2023, the U.S. deported over 5.6 million individuals through formal removal orders, peaking at 432,228 in F432,228
FY 2014: 414,481 total removals, highest on record414,481
FY 2011: 391,953 removals391,953
FY 2009 Obama peak: 389,834 removals389,834
FY 2016 deportations: 337,295 total removals, 240,255 by ICE337,295
In FY 2021, deportations dropped to 59,011 due to COVID-19 restrictions, the lowest since FY 199559,011
report visual · Comparison
Enforcement actions: arrests vs removals (priority targeting)
ICE enforcement aligns arrests with removals, with priority targeting emphasized as a key share.
FY 2021: 310,000 removals/returns, lowest arrests at 125,000310,000
FY 2022: 72,000 arrests by ICE ERO, 20,000 detainers issued to local jails
72,000
FY 2023 ICE arrested 170,590 individuals, leading to 142,580 removals, 95% priority targets
95%
Reinstatement of Removal orders: 52% of FY 2023 deportations (74,000)
52%
report visual · Projection
Fiscal cost of deportations and related enforcement (selected snapshots)
Selected fiscal figures show the large and persistent scale of deportation- and enforcement-related spending across recent years.
100,000,000,000 dollars
Start
-21.78%
CAGR · 13y
4,103,283,757 dollars
Projected
20092022
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Marcus Engström. (2026, February 13). Immigration Deportation Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/immigration-deportation-statistics
MLA
Marcus Engström. "Immigration Deportation Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/immigration-deportation-statistics.
Chicago
Marcus Engström. 2026. "Immigration Deportation Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/immigration-deportation-statistics.
Sources & references
15 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level