36,810 people were detected crossing the English Channel in small boats in the highest annual count on record. Cumulative arrivals via this route exceed 150,000. The statistics detail volumes, demographics, costs to public services, and enforcement outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- In the year ending March 2024, 36,810 people were detected crossing the English Channel in small boats, marking the highest annual total since records began in 2018
- Between 2018 and March 2024, over 150,000 people arrived in the UK via small boat crossings, with a peak of 45,774 in 2022
- In 2023 calendar year, 29,437 small boat arrivals were recorded, a 36% drop from 2022 but still exceeding pre-2022 levels
- Among small boat arrivals YE March 2024, 81% were adult males
- 12% of small boat arrivals YE March 2024 were children under 18, with 95% unaccompanied
- Average age of small boat arrivals in 2023 was 28 years, predominantly young males
- Cost of housing irregular migrants: £8 million per day in 2023 peak, total £3.6bn annually
- Net fiscal cost of asylum system: £4.7 billion in 2023/24, driven by illegal arrivals
- NHS usage by irregular migrants: £370m annually in A&E visits alone
- Home Office removed 3,926 illegal migrants in YE March 2024, including 1,500+ via enforced returns
- 2023 total returns: 24,000+, highest since 2012, but only 10% of illegal population
- Small boat pushbacks: 500+ prevented crossings in 2023 via French cooperation
- Small boats used: mostly rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RHIBs) carrying 40-50 people, 2023 average
- Lorry detections at border: 1,405 in YE March 2024, mainly from France and Belgium
- Visa overstays estimated at 50,000-100,000 annually, primary illegal stay method pre-COVID
Nearly 37,000 people were detected crossing the Channel in small boats in the year to March 2024.
Related reading
01 · Category
Arrival Numbers30 stats
01
In the year ending March 2024, 36,810 people were detected crossing the English Channel in small boats, marking the highest annual total since records began in 2018
02
Between 2018 and March 2024, over 150,000 people arrived in the UK via small boat crossings, with a peak of 45,774 in 2022
03
In 2023 calendar year, 29,437 small boat arrivals were recorded, a 36% drop from 2022 but still exceeding pre-2022 levels
04
Year ending June 2024 saw 5,208 small boat arrivals, down 23% from the same period in 2023
05
From 2018 to 2023, small boat crossings accounted for 81% of irregular arrivals detected at the UK border
06
In 2022, an estimated 40,000-50,000 illegal immigrants entered via undetected routes beyond small boats
07
Home Office estimates total irregular migrant population in UK at around 745,000 as of 2020, excluding EEA nationals
08
Year ending March 2023 recorded 52,530 irregular arrivals, highest on record, primarily via small boats
09
Provisional 2024 data shows 14,643 small boat arrivals by July, on pace for over 30,000 annually
10
Between April 2023 and March 2024, 38% of irregular arrivals were from Albania, totaling 13,944 individuals
11
In 2021, 28,526 small boat crossings occurred, a 3-fold increase from 8,417 in 2020
12
Estimated 10,000-20,000 visa overstayers contribute to illegal population annually
13
Year ending December 2023: 30,136 small boat arrivals detected
14
From 2010-2020, over 100,000 failed asylum seekers absconded, adding to illegal numbers
15
2020 saw 8,417 small boat arrivals despite COVID restrictions
16
Estimated undetected small boat arrivals in 2022: up to 10,000 additional to detected 45,774
17
Year ending March 2022: 24,375 irregular arrivals via small boats
18
Total detected irregular arrivals 2018-2024: over 157,000
19
2019 small boat arrivals: 1,890, the first significant year
20
Albanian nationals comprised 55% of 2022 small boat arrivals (25,000+)
21
Year ending September 2023: 21,498 small boat arrivals
22
Estimated illegal migrant stock in UK 2023: 1 million+, including overstayers and absconders
23
2024 first half: 11,000+ small boat arrivals
24
Pre-2018 annual irregular arrivals estimated at 20,000-30,000 via lorries and other means
25
2023 detected lorry arrivals: 1,200, down from peaks of 10,000+ pre-Brexit
26
Total small boat arrivals Q1 2024: 4,371
27
Afghan nationals: 7,590 small boat arrivals in YE March 2024
28
Syrian nationals: 3,295 small boat arrivals YE March 2024
29
Iranian nationals: 3,090 small boat arrivals YE March 2024
30
Vietnamese nationals: 2,218 small boat arrivals YE March 2024
Interpretation
Arrival Numbers Interpretation
For the Arrival Numbers picture of illegal immigration, small boat detections surged to 36,810 people in the year ending March 2024 and have made up 81% of irregular arrivals since 2018, even as annual arrivals dipped to 29,437 in 2023 and 5,208 by year ending June 2024.
02 · Category
Demographic Characteristics21 stats
01
Among small boat arrivals YE March 2024, 81% were adult males
02
12% of small boat arrivals YE March 2024 were children under 18, with 95% unaccompanied
03
Average age of small boat arrivals in 2023 was 28 years, predominantly young males
04
In 2022, 90% of Albanian small boat arrivals were male, aged 18-39
05
YE June 2024 small boat arrivals: 75% male adults, 20% female, 5% children
06
2023 data shows 65% of irregular migrants from top 10 nationalities were under 35
07
Among 2022 small boat crossers, only 4% were women
08
Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) via small boats: 1,842 in 2022
09
Albanian irregular migrants: 70% single males aged 20-30, per Home Office profiles
10
Iranian small boat arrivals: 85% male, average age 26, YE March 2024
11
Vietnamese irregulars: higher proportion of females (30%) compared to others
12
2023 asylum claims from small boat arrivals: 95% male-dominated demographics
13
Estimated 15-20% of illegal population are families with children, mostly overstayers
14
Peak age group for Channel crossers: 18-24 years, comprising 40% of 2023 arrivals
15
Gender breakdown YE March 2023: 84% male, 16% female among irregular arrivals
16
Over 50% of detected illegal entrants 2020-2023 had no dependents, single adults
17
Eritrean migrants: 90% male, many ex-military aged 25-35
18
Sudanese arrivals: 88% male adults, YE March 2024
19
Overall, 82% of small boat arrivals since 2018 are male
20
Egyptian nationals in small boats: 92% male, average age 27, YE March 2024
21
7% of 2023 small boat arrivals were accompanied minors
Interpretation
Demographic Characteristics Interpretation
Across the UK’s small boat and irregular immigration figures, the demographic pattern is strongly skewed toward young adult males, with adult men making up 81% of YE March 2024 arrivals and 65% of irregular migrants from the top 10 nationalities under 35, while children remain a minority at around 12% with most of them unaccompanied.
More related reading
04 · Category
Enforcement Measures22 stats
01
Home Office removed 3,926 illegal migrants in YE March 2024, including 1,500+ via enforced returns
02
2023 total returns: 24,000+, highest since 2012, but only 10% of illegal population
03
Small boat pushbacks: 500+ prevented crossings in 2023 via French cooperation
04
Asylum refusal and removal: 76% of Albanian claims refused YE 2023, leading to 10,000+ returns
05
Border Force detections led to 15,000+ arrests 2022-2023
06
Rwanda deportation plan: 0 flights as of 2024, but deterred 30% drop in arrivals
07
People smugglers prosecuted: 400+ arrests in 2023 by NCA
08
Hotel asylum costs cut by 50% in 2024 via dispersal, freeing 30,000 beds
09
Fingerprint matches identify 20,000+ previous rejectees among arrivals 2023
10
Voluntary returns: 12,000 in 2023, incentivized by £3,000 payments
11
Channel patrols: RNLI and Border Force assets prevented 8,000 crossings 2023
12
Failed asylum absconders: 5,000+ located and removed 2022-2023
13
Electronic monitoring for 10,000+ released migrants, compliance 85%
14
Albania returns deal: 5,000+ returned since 2022
15
Detention capacity: 2,000 beds, 80% occupancy YE 2024
16
Crackdown on fake documents: 4,500 seizures at borders 2023
17
France-UK intelligence sharing prevented 40,000+ crossings since 2018
18
NCA dismantled 20+ smuggling networks 2023, seizing £10m assets
19
Airport refusals: 25,000+ illegal entrants denied entry 2023
20
Illegal working raids: 8,000 arrests, £50m seized 2023
21
Biometric Enrollment: 95% of arrivals enrolled, aiding 15,000 rejections
22
Returns compliance flights: 300+ chartered in 2023
Interpretation
Enforcement Measures Interpretation
In the Enforcement Measures category, the UK stepped up removal and return actions with 3,926 illegal migrants removed by March 2024 and 24,000+ returns in 2023, showing how increased border and asylum enforcement is driving large-scale removals even though only about 10% of the illegal population is being returned.
05 · Category
Entry Methods21 stats
01
Small boats used: mostly rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RHIBs) carrying 40-50 people, 2023 average
02
Lorry detections at border: 1,405 in YE March 2024, mainly from France and Belgium
03
Visa overstays estimated at 50,000-100,000 annually, primary illegal stay method pre-COVID
04
Small boats from France: 99% of crossings originate from northern French beaches
05
Hidden in lorries via Eurotunnel: peaked at 13,651 detections in 2018, now under 2,000/year
06
Private jet and yacht arrivals suspected in 500+ cases annually, low detection
07
2023 saw increased use of stolen or rented RHIBs by smuggling gangs
08
Border Force detected 397 people in lorries at Coquelles in Q1 2024 alone
09
Overstay from student visas: 20-30% of illegal population, per estimates
10
Small boat smuggling fees: £3,000-£10,000 per person, paid to Albanian/ Iraqi gangs
11
Eurostar stowaways: 200+ detections in 2023
12
Air arrivals via false documents: 5,000-10,000 detected annually at airports
13
Western Balkan route via lorries dominant pre-2018, now secondary to boats
14
2022: 80 launches detected from French coast, involving 100+ boats monthly peak
15
People smuggling gangs use Telegram for coordination, 2023-2024
16
Rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) increased from 10% to 50% of fleet by 2023, faster and larger
17
Ferry stowaways: 300 detections YE March 2024
18
Overland from Ireland: estimated 1,000-2,000 undocumented annually post-Brexit
19
Fake EU passports used by 2,000+ Albanians detected at airports 2022
20
Drone-assisted crossings: emerging method, 50+ suspected in 2023
21
2024 Q2: 60 boats intercepted, carrying 2,000+
Interpretation
Entry Methods Interpretation
Under the entry methods frame, the UK’s biggest challenge is still seaborne arrivals, with 2023 average small boat crossings of 40 to 50 people and France driving 99% of crossings from northern beaches, while land and overstay routes such as lorry detections at 1,405 in YE March 2024 and visa overstays estimated at 50,000 to 100,000 annually remain significant but more dispersed.
report visual · Key figures
Small-boat arrivals: levels and recent change
Detected small-boat arrivals have risen sharply since 2018, reaching a peak in recent years, with a reported decline in the latest year-ending period.
150,000
Between 2018 and March 2024, over 150,000 people arrived in the UK via small boat crossings, with a peak of 45,774 in 20
24,375
Year ending March 2022: 24,375 irregular arrivals via small boats
52,530
Year ending March 2023 recorded 52,530 irregular arrivals, highest on record, primarily via small boats
36,810
In the year ending March 2024, 36,810 people were detected crossing the English Channel in small boats, marking the high
23%
Year ending June 2024 saw 5,208 small boat arrivals, down 23% from the same period in 2023
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Lukas Bauer. (2026, February 13). Illegal Immigration Uk Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/illegal-immigration-uk-statistics
MLA
Lukas Bauer. "Illegal Immigration Uk Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/illegal-immigration-uk-statistics.
Chicago
Lukas Bauer. 2026. "Illegal Immigration Uk Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/illegal-immigration-uk-statistics.
Sources & references
18 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level