GITNUXREPORT 2026

Hysterectomy Statistics

Hysterectomy is a common global surgery with varying rates and complex outcomes.

Alexander Schmidt

Research Analyst specializing in technology and digital transformation trends.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Statistic 1

Postoperative ileus occurs in 10-15% abdominal hysterectomies

Statistic 2

Surgical site infection rate 2-5% overall, 10% abdominal approach

Statistic 3

Venous thromboembolism risk 1-2% without prophylaxis

Statistic 4

Urinary tract injury 1-2% laparoscopic, 4% abdominal

Statistic 5

Bowel injury 0.5-1% all approaches, higher in endometriosis

Statistic 6

Vaginal cuff dehiscence 0.5-4% laparoscopic/robotic vs 0.03% vaginal

Statistic 7

Hemorrhage requiring transfusion 1-3%

Statistic 8

Conversion to open 5-10% laparoscopic attempts

Statistic 9

Ureteral injury 0.5-2.5%, most during dissection

Statistic 10

Bladder injury 1-2%

Statistic 11

Ovarian failure post-conserving hysterectomy 4-5% early menopause

Statistic 12

Pelvic abscess 1% post-op

Statistic 13

Nerve injury causing pain 1-2%

Statistic 14

Morcellation spreads occult sarcoma 1/350-1/500 fibroids

Statistic 15

Cardiac events 0.5% in high-risk patients

Statistic 16

Pneumonia 1% abdominal

Statistic 17

30-day mortality 0.1-0.5%, higher in cancer

Statistic 18

Wound dehiscence 2% abdominal

Statistic 19

Fistula formation 0.2%

Statistic 20

Port-site hernia 1-2% laparoscopic

Statistic 21

Anemia post-op 20-30%

Statistic 22

Sexual dysfunction 10-20% long-term

Statistic 23

Lymphocele 2-5% lymphadenectomy

Statistic 24

Reoperation rate 2-3%

Statistic 25

Chronic pain syndrome 5-10%

Statistic 26

In the United States, approximately 600,000 hysterectomies are performed each year, making it one of the most common non-pregnancy-related surgeries for women

Statistic 27

Globally, around 3% of women undergo hysterectomy by age 60, with higher rates in developed countries exceeding 30% lifetime risk

Statistic 28

In Australia, the age-standardized hysterectomy rate declined from 147 per 10,000 women in 2000-01 to 110 per 10,000 in 2014-15

Statistic 29

Among U.S. women aged 40-44, hysterectomy prevalence was 10.7% in 2010, rising to 49.7% by age 70-74

Statistic 30

In the UK, hysterectomy rates peaked at 12.3 per 10,000 women in 1994-95 and fell to 7.1 per 10,000 by 2015-16

Statistic 31

Uterine fibroids account for 40% of hysterectomies in the U.S., with Black women experiencing rates 2-3 times higher than white women

Statistic 32

In Canada, 16% of women aged 45 and older have had a hysterectomy as of 2014

Statistic 33

European countries show hysterectomy rates varying from 78 per 10,000 in Italy to 218 per 10,000 in Finland annually

Statistic 34

In South Korea, hysterectomy rates increased from 72.6 per 10,000 in 2002 to 105.5 per 10,000 in 2012 among women aged 40-69

Statistic 35

U.S. hysterectomy rates dropped 40% from 1997 to 2010, from 12.9 to 7.5 per 1,000 women aged 15+

Statistic 36

In Brazil, hysterectomy prevalence is 12.5% among women over 35, highest in the Northeast region at 15.2%

Statistic 37

New Zealand reports 8,500 hysterectomies annually, with Māori women having 1.5 times higher rates than non-Māori

Statistic 38

In Sweden, lifetime hysterectomy risk is 15-20% for women born after 1960, down from 25% for earlier cohorts

Statistic 39

India sees over 1 million hysterectomies yearly, often for sterilization or fibroids in rural areas

Statistic 40

Japan has low rates at 45 per 10,000 women, linked to conservative surgical practices

Statistic 41

In the U.S., 11.8% of women aged 15-44 had a hysterectomy by 2015

Statistic 42

Germany reports 150,000 hysterectomies per year, with a rate of 36 per 10,000 women

Statistic 43

South Africa has hysterectomy rates of 150-200 per 10,000 for women over 30, driven by infections

Statistic 44

In France, rates fell from 10.5 to 7.2 per 10,000 between 2005-2015

Statistic 45

U.S. Black women have hysterectomy rates 60% higher than white women adjusted for age

Statistic 46

China reports 500,000 hysterectomies annually, with rising trends in urban areas

Statistic 47

In the Netherlands, 7% of women aged 50-69 have had hysterectomy

Statistic 48

Mexico's rate is 85 per 10,000 women, highest for benign conditions in Latin America

Statistic 49

UK lifetime risk is 1 in 6 for women over 60

Statistic 50

In Russia, over 1.2 million procedures yearly, rate 160 per 10,000

Statistic 51

U.S. rural women have 20% higher hysterectomy rates than urban

Statistic 52

Italy's rate is 120 per 100,000 women annually

Statistic 53

In Turkey, 15% prevalence among women 40+

Statistic 54

Spain reports 90,000 hysterectomies/year, rate 40 per 10,000

Statistic 55

Abnormal uterine bleeding leads to 30% of hysterectomies worldwide

Statistic 56

Uterine fibroids are the primary indication for 99% of hysterectomies in Nigeria

Statistic 57

In the U.S., 38% of hysterectomies are for fibroids, 18% for prolapse, 14% for cancer

Statistic 58

Endometriosis accounts for 12-15% of hysterectomies in reproductive-age women globally

Statistic 59

Adenomyosis is cited in 20-30% of hysterectomies for heavy bleeding

Statistic 60

Cervical cancer precursors (CIN3) lead to 5% of hysterectomies in Europe

Statistic 61

In India, sterilization drives 10-20% of hysterectomies in low-resource settings

Statistic 62

Pelvic organ prolapse indicates 15% of U.S. hysterectomies

Statistic 63

Chronic pelvic pain unresponsive to other treatments prompts 10% of procedures

Statistic 64

Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia necessitates hysterectomy in 80% of cases

Statistic 65

Uterine cancer (endometrial) is indication for 10-15% worldwide

Statistic 66

In postmenopausal bleeding, 10% lead to hysterectomy for malignancy

Statistic 67

Fibroids cause 40% of hysterectomies in Black women vs. 25% in whites

Statistic 68

Asherman's syndrome rarely (1%) leads to hysterectomy post-curettage

Statistic 69

Placenta accreta spectrum requires emergency hysterectomy in 40-50% cases

Statistic 70

Ovarian cancer staging often includes hysterectomy in 90% of cases

Statistic 71

Postpartum hemorrhage refractory to other measures indicates 2-3% of deliveries

Statistic 72

Inverted uterus post-delivery requires hysterectomy in 20% severe cases

Statistic 73

Leiomyosarcoma risk prompts hysterectomy in <1% fibroid suspicions

Statistic 74

Hyperplasia without atypia managed conservatively, but 5% progress to hysterectomy

Statistic 75

Genital tract fistulas lead to hysterectomy in 5-10% repair failures

Statistic 76

Refractory dysfunctional uterine bleeding accounts for 25% indications

Statistic 77

Elective sterilization via hysterectomy in 1-2% developing countries

Statistic 78

Uterine rupture in prior cesarean leads to hysterectomy in 1% cases

Statistic 79

Sarcoma of uterus indicates 2% of all hysterectomies

Statistic 80

Mean hospital stay reduced to 1-2 days laparoscopic vs 3-5 abdominal

Statistic 81

90% report symptom relief post-hysterectomy for fibroids

Statistic 82

Quality of life improves 70-80% at 6 months for benign indications

Statistic 83

Return to work 2 weeks laparoscopic vs 6 weeks abdominal

Statistic 84

Sexual function preserved or improved in 60-70% vaginal approach

Statistic 85

5-year survival 80-90% early endometrial cancer post-hysterectomy

Statistic 86

Pain scores drop 80% at 3 months for chronic pelvic pain

Statistic 87

Regret rate <5% for elective benign hysterectomy

Statistic 88

Urinary incontinence improves in 50% prolapse cases

Statistic 89

Body weight gain average 5 kg first year post-op

Statistic 90

Ovarian conservation halves cardiovascular risk vs removal

Statistic 91

Depression risk decreases 20% post-symptom relief

Statistic 92

Readmission 3% within 30 days, mostly infection

Statistic 93

Bowel function normalizes 90% at 3 months

Statistic 94

95% satisfaction for bleeding control

Statistic 95

Long-term prolapse recurrence 5-10% vaginal

Statistic 96

Hormone therapy needed 40% if oophorectomy premenopause

Statistic 97

Fatigue resolves 80% by 6 weeks

Statistic 98

Cosmetic outcome better 90% minimally invasive

Statistic 99

Cancer recurrence 10-20% stage II endometrial

Statistic 100

Pelvic floor strength improves 60% post-op therapy

Statistic 101

Sleep quality enhances 70% bleeding relief

Statistic 102

U.S. average cost $10,000-15,000 laparoscopic vs $20,000 abdominal

Statistic 103

Medicare reimburses $8,000-12,000 per hysterectomy procedure

Statistic 104

Lifetime cost savings $2,000-5,000 minimally invasive over open

Statistic 105

20% hysterectomies unnecessary per expert panels, costing $1.7B yearly U.S.

Statistic 106

Insurance denial 5-10% robotic due to cost

Statistic 107

Low-income women 30% higher hysterectomy rates U.S.

Statistic 108

Global market hysterectomy devices $3.5B in 2020, projected $5B 2027

Statistic 109

ACOG guidelines reduce rates 15% via alternatives promotion

Statistic 110

Rural hospitals 40% higher open procedures due to tech lack

Statistic 111

India private sector 70% hysterectomies, camp-based often coercive

Statistic 112

U.S. readmission costs $15,000 average per case

Statistic 113

Policy shift to outpatient 50% laparoscopic saves $1B yearly

Statistic 114

Black-white disparity costs $500M extra in complications

Statistic 115

Bundled payments reduce costs 20% for hysterectomy

Statistic 116

Training minimally invasive cuts long-term costs 30%

Statistic 117

EU health tech assessment limits robotic to 5% usage

Statistic 118

Sterilization policy in India led to 4M hysterectomies 2010-2017

Statistic 119

U.S. employer insurance covers 90%, out-of-pocket $2,000 avg

Statistic 120

Pandemic delayed 25% elective hysterectomies 2020, backlog $800M

Statistic 121

Value-based care ties 15% reimbursement to outcomes

Statistic 122

Global south NGO programs reduce hysterectomy 40% via alternatives

Statistic 123

Surgeon volume >20/year halves complications, saves 10% costs

Statistic 124

Laparoscopic hysterectomy accounts for 60% of procedures in the U.S. by 2018

Statistic 125

Vaginal hysterectomy is performed in 16% of U.S. cases, preferred for prolapse

Statistic 126

Abdominal hysterectomy rates dropped to 20% from 70% in 1990s due to minimally invasive shift

Statistic 127

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy comprises 10-15% of U.S. procedures

Statistic 128

Supracervical hysterectomy performed in 10% to preserve cervix function

Statistic 129

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) success rate 95%, conversion to open 5%

Statistic 130

Vaginal approach used in 25% Europe, higher than U.S. 16%

Statistic 131

Hysteroscopic subtotal hysterectomy emerging for benign disease, <1% current use

Statistic 132

Open abdominal for cancer staging in 40% advanced cases

Statistic 133

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in 20% mixed approaches

Statistic 134

Radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer via laparoscopy in 50% early stage

Statistic 135

Sentinel lymph node mapping combined in 30% robotic hysterectomies

Statistic 136

Gasless laparoscopic hysterectomy used in 5% resource-poor settings

Statistic 137

Morcellation in laparoscopic for fibroids, now <10% due to risks

Statistic 138

Oophorectomy concomitant in 50% abdominal hysterectomies over 45

Statistic 139

Total abdominal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy standard for endometriosis

Statistic 140

Microwave endometrial ablation alternative, but hysterectomy follows in 20%

Statistic 141

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for hysterectomy in 2-3% trials

Statistic 142

Wertheim's radical hysterectomy for stage IB cervical cancer, open 70%

Statistic 143

Hand-assisted laparoscopic in obese patients, 15% usage

Statistic 144

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) hysterectomy experimental, <1%

Statistic 145

Ferriman-Gallwey scoring not directly, but hysterectomy with BSO for PCOS in 5%

1/145

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While hysterectomy remains one of the most common surgeries for women worldwide, affecting millions and marked by stark geographic and racial disparities, its story is not just in the numbers but in the individual lives and decisions behind them.

Key Takeaways

In the United States, approximately 600,000 hysterectomies are performed each year, making it one of the most common non-pregnancy-related surgeries for women
Globally, around 3% of women undergo hysterectomy by age 60, with higher rates in developed countries exceeding 30% lifetime risk
In Australia, the age-standardized hysterectomy rate declined from 147 per 10,000 women in 2000-01 to 110 per 10,000 in 2014-15
Abnormal uterine bleeding leads to 30% of hysterectomies worldwide
Uterine fibroids are the primary indication for 99% of hysterectomies in Nigeria
In the U.S., 38% of hysterectomies are for fibroids, 18% for prolapse, 14% for cancer
Laparoscopic hysterectomy accounts for 60% of procedures in the U.S. by 2018
Vaginal hysterectomy is performed in 16% of U.S. cases, preferred for prolapse
Abdominal hysterectomy rates dropped to 20% from 70% in 1990s due to minimally invasive shift
Postoperative ileus occurs in 10-15% abdominal hysterectomies
Surgical site infection rate 2-5% overall, 10% abdominal approach
Venous thromboembolism risk 1-2% without prophylaxis
Mean hospital stay reduced to 1-2 days laparoscopic vs 3-5 abdominal
90% report symptom relief post-hysterectomy for fibroids
Quality of life improves 70-80% at 6 months for benign indications

Hysterectomy is a common global surgery with varying rates and complex outcomes.

Complications and Risks

Postoperative ileus occurs in 10-15% abdominal hysterectomies
Surgical site infection rate 2-5% overall, 10% abdominal approach
Venous thromboembolism risk 1-2% without prophylaxis
Urinary tract injury 1-2% laparoscopic, 4% abdominal
Bowel injury 0.5-1% all approaches, higher in endometriosis
Vaginal cuff dehiscence 0.5-4% laparoscopic/robotic vs 0.03% vaginal
Hemorrhage requiring transfusion 1-3%
Conversion to open 5-10% laparoscopic attempts
Ureteral injury 0.5-2.5%, most during dissection
Bladder injury 1-2%
Ovarian failure post-conserving hysterectomy 4-5% early menopause
Pelvic abscess 1% post-op
Nerve injury causing pain 1-2%
Morcellation spreads occult sarcoma 1/350-1/500 fibroids
Cardiac events 0.5% in high-risk patients
Pneumonia 1% abdominal
30-day mortality 0.1-0.5%, higher in cancer
Wound dehiscence 2% abdominal
Fistula formation 0.2%
Port-site hernia 1-2% laparoscopic
Anemia post-op 20-30%
Sexual dysfunction 10-20% long-term
Lymphocele 2-5% lymphadenectomy
Reoperation rate 2-3%
Chronic pain syndrome 5-10%

Complications and Risks Interpretation

While the stats offer a reassuringly small chance of any single complication occurring, collectively they paint a vivid portrait of a major surgery, reminding us that the road to relief is paved with a non-trivial number of potential, albeit mostly manageable, detours.

Incidence and Prevalence

In the United States, approximately 600,000 hysterectomies are performed each year, making it one of the most common non-pregnancy-related surgeries for women
Globally, around 3% of women undergo hysterectomy by age 60, with higher rates in developed countries exceeding 30% lifetime risk
In Australia, the age-standardized hysterectomy rate declined from 147 per 10,000 women in 2000-01 to 110 per 10,000 in 2014-15
Among U.S. women aged 40-44, hysterectomy prevalence was 10.7% in 2010, rising to 49.7% by age 70-74
In the UK, hysterectomy rates peaked at 12.3 per 10,000 women in 1994-95 and fell to 7.1 per 10,000 by 2015-16
Uterine fibroids account for 40% of hysterectomies in the U.S., with Black women experiencing rates 2-3 times higher than white women
In Canada, 16% of women aged 45 and older have had a hysterectomy as of 2014
European countries show hysterectomy rates varying from 78 per 10,000 in Italy to 218 per 10,000 in Finland annually
In South Korea, hysterectomy rates increased from 72.6 per 10,000 in 2002 to 105.5 per 10,000 in 2012 among women aged 40-69
U.S. hysterectomy rates dropped 40% from 1997 to 2010, from 12.9 to 7.5 per 1,000 women aged 15+
In Brazil, hysterectomy prevalence is 12.5% among women over 35, highest in the Northeast region at 15.2%
New Zealand reports 8,500 hysterectomies annually, with Māori women having 1.5 times higher rates than non-Māori
In Sweden, lifetime hysterectomy risk is 15-20% for women born after 1960, down from 25% for earlier cohorts
India sees over 1 million hysterectomies yearly, often for sterilization or fibroids in rural areas
Japan has low rates at 45 per 10,000 women, linked to conservative surgical practices
In the U.S., 11.8% of women aged 15-44 had a hysterectomy by 2015
Germany reports 150,000 hysterectomies per year, with a rate of 36 per 10,000 women
South Africa has hysterectomy rates of 150-200 per 10,000 for women over 30, driven by infections
In France, rates fell from 10.5 to 7.2 per 10,000 between 2005-2015
U.S. Black women have hysterectomy rates 60% higher than white women adjusted for age
China reports 500,000 hysterectomies annually, with rising trends in urban areas
In the Netherlands, 7% of women aged 50-69 have had hysterectomy
Mexico's rate is 85 per 10,000 women, highest for benign conditions in Latin America
UK lifetime risk is 1 in 6 for women over 60
In Russia, over 1.2 million procedures yearly, rate 160 per 10,000
U.S. rural women have 20% higher hysterectomy rates than urban
Italy's rate is 120 per 100,000 women annually
In Turkey, 15% prevalence among women 40+
Spain reports 90,000 hysterectomies/year, rate 40 per 10,000

Incidence and Prevalence Interpretation

While the hysterectomy remains a staggering cornerstone of global women’s healthcare, its story is one of profound geographic, economic, and racial disparity, revealing as much about the unequal landscape of medical necessity and access as it does about the frequency of the surgery itself.

Indications and Reasons

Abnormal uterine bleeding leads to 30% of hysterectomies worldwide
Uterine fibroids are the primary indication for 99% of hysterectomies in Nigeria
In the U.S., 38% of hysterectomies are for fibroids, 18% for prolapse, 14% for cancer
Endometriosis accounts for 12-15% of hysterectomies in reproductive-age women globally
Adenomyosis is cited in 20-30% of hysterectomies for heavy bleeding
Cervical cancer precursors (CIN3) lead to 5% of hysterectomies in Europe
In India, sterilization drives 10-20% of hysterectomies in low-resource settings
Pelvic organ prolapse indicates 15% of U.S. hysterectomies
Chronic pelvic pain unresponsive to other treatments prompts 10% of procedures
Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia necessitates hysterectomy in 80% of cases
Uterine cancer (endometrial) is indication for 10-15% worldwide
In postmenopausal bleeding, 10% lead to hysterectomy for malignancy
Fibroids cause 40% of hysterectomies in Black women vs. 25% in whites
Asherman's syndrome rarely (1%) leads to hysterectomy post-curettage
Placenta accreta spectrum requires emergency hysterectomy in 40-50% cases
Ovarian cancer staging often includes hysterectomy in 90% of cases
Postpartum hemorrhage refractory to other measures indicates 2-3% of deliveries
Inverted uterus post-delivery requires hysterectomy in 20% severe cases
Leiomyosarcoma risk prompts hysterectomy in <1% fibroid suspicions
Hyperplasia without atypia managed conservatively, but 5% progress to hysterectomy
Genital tract fistulas lead to hysterectomy in 5-10% repair failures
Refractory dysfunctional uterine bleeding accounts for 25% indications
Elective sterilization via hysterectomy in 1-2% developing countries
Uterine rupture in prior cesarean leads to hysterectomy in 1% cases
Sarcoma of uterus indicates 2% of all hysterectomies

Indications and Reasons Interpretation

It seems the uterus, in its bewildering variety of dysfunctions, has perfected the art of making a dramatic exit for almost every conceivable reason, from the common fibroid to the rare but urgent postpartum hemorrhage.

Outcomes and Recovery

Mean hospital stay reduced to 1-2 days laparoscopic vs 3-5 abdominal
90% report symptom relief post-hysterectomy for fibroids
Quality of life improves 70-80% at 6 months for benign indications
Return to work 2 weeks laparoscopic vs 6 weeks abdominal
Sexual function preserved or improved in 60-70% vaginal approach
5-year survival 80-90% early endometrial cancer post-hysterectomy
Pain scores drop 80% at 3 months for chronic pelvic pain
Regret rate <5% for elective benign hysterectomy
Urinary incontinence improves in 50% prolapse cases
Body weight gain average 5 kg first year post-op
Ovarian conservation halves cardiovascular risk vs removal
Depression risk decreases 20% post-symptom relief
Readmission 3% within 30 days, mostly infection
Bowel function normalizes 90% at 3 months
95% satisfaction for bleeding control
Long-term prolapse recurrence 5-10% vaginal
Hormone therapy needed 40% if oophorectomy premenopause
Fatigue resolves 80% by 6 weeks
Cosmetic outcome better 90% minimally invasive
Cancer recurrence 10-20% stage II endometrial
Pelvic floor strength improves 60% post-op therapy
Sleep quality enhances 70% bleeding relief

Outcomes and Recovery Interpretation

While the statistics reveal that a hysterectomy often trades a troublesome uterus for a welcome new lease on life, the data also gently reminds us that this is a deeply personal recalibration, not just a simple surgical fix, with outcomes ranging from a faster return to work and better sleep to navigating a few new physical considerations along the way.

Socio-economic and Policy Aspects

U.S. average cost $10,000-15,000 laparoscopic vs $20,000 abdominal
Medicare reimburses $8,000-12,000 per hysterectomy procedure
Lifetime cost savings $2,000-5,000 minimally invasive over open
20% hysterectomies unnecessary per expert panels, costing $1.7B yearly U.S.
Insurance denial 5-10% robotic due to cost
Low-income women 30% higher hysterectomy rates U.S.
Global market hysterectomy devices $3.5B in 2020, projected $5B 2027
ACOG guidelines reduce rates 15% via alternatives promotion
Rural hospitals 40% higher open procedures due to tech lack
India private sector 70% hysterectomies, camp-based often coercive
U.S. readmission costs $15,000 average per case
Policy shift to outpatient 50% laparoscopic saves $1B yearly
Black-white disparity costs $500M extra in complications
Bundled payments reduce costs 20% for hysterectomy
Training minimally invasive cuts long-term costs 30%
EU health tech assessment limits robotic to 5% usage
Sterilization policy in India led to 4M hysterectomies 2010-2017
U.S. employer insurance covers 90%, out-of-pocket $2,000 avg
Pandemic delayed 25% elective hysterectomies 2020, backlog $800M
Value-based care ties 15% reimbursement to outcomes
Global south NGO programs reduce hysterectomy 40% via alternatives
Surgeon volume >20/year halves complications, saves 10% costs

Socio-economic and Policy Aspects Interpretation

The sheer economic weight of a hysterectomy reveals a medical landscape where the scalpel's price tag is shaped not just by anatomy but by geography, policy, and profit, showing that while the procedure can remove a uterus, the system surrounding it too often fails to excise its own waste, bias, and unnecessary cost.

Surgical Techniques and Approaches

Laparoscopic hysterectomy accounts for 60% of procedures in the U.S. by 2018
Vaginal hysterectomy is performed in 16% of U.S. cases, preferred for prolapse
Abdominal hysterectomy rates dropped to 20% from 70% in 1990s due to minimally invasive shift
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy comprises 10-15% of U.S. procedures
Supracervical hysterectomy performed in 10% to preserve cervix function
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) success rate 95%, conversion to open 5%
Vaginal approach used in 25% Europe, higher than U.S. 16%
Hysteroscopic subtotal hysterectomy emerging for benign disease, <1% current use
Open abdominal for cancer staging in 40% advanced cases
Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in 20% mixed approaches
Radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer via laparoscopy in 50% early stage
Sentinel lymph node mapping combined in 30% robotic hysterectomies
Gasless laparoscopic hysterectomy used in 5% resource-poor settings
Morcellation in laparoscopic for fibroids, now <10% due to risks
Oophorectomy concomitant in 50% abdominal hysterectomies over 45
Total abdominal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy standard for endometriosis
Microwave endometrial ablation alternative, but hysterectomy follows in 20%
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for hysterectomy in 2-3% trials
Wertheim's radical hysterectomy for stage IB cervical cancer, open 70%
Hand-assisted laparoscopic in obese patients, 15% usage
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) hysterectomy experimental, <1%
Ferriman-Gallwey scoring not directly, but hysterectomy with BSO for PCOS in 5%

Surgical Techniques and Approaches Interpretation

While the scalpel has largely traded its traditional open path for laparoscopic precision, the persistence of varied approaches reveals a nuanced surgical landscape where patient anatomy, pathology, and surgeon skill continue to dictate the most prudent route for removing the uterus.

Sources & References

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