Human trafficking harms people in the US through multiple forms of exploitation, from sex trafficking to forced labor. Patterns vary by setting: hotels and motels account for 68% of sex trafficking commercial sex acts, while agriculture makes up 68% of labor trafficking cases. Victims and survivors also face major long-term impacts, including about $155K in lifetime healthcare costs per person. Explore how recruitment tactics, reporting, and enforcement connect to these outcomes.
Key Takeaways
- Human trafficking generates $150B globally, $9.5B in US sex trafficking est.
- Traffickers profit $290M yearly from sex trade in 8 cities alone
- Healthcare costs for victims $155K lifetime per person
- In 2022, the National Human Trafficking Hotline identified 10,359 human trafficking situations affecting 16,554 individual victims in the US
- The US Department of State estimates that approximately 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the US annually from other countries
- From 2013 to 2022, Polaris data shows over 100,000 signals of human trafficking reported to the Hotline
- In FY2022, DOJ prosecuted 235 human traffickers federally
- From 2011-2021, 1,834 federal trafficking convictions
- FBI made 1,108 arrests in 1,231 investigations in FY2021
- Online recruitment via social media used in 63% of cases
- Hotels and motels host 68% of sex trafficking commercial sex acts
- Illicit massage businesses identified in 20 states as major sex trafficking hubs
- 27% of identified victims are female adults aged 18-25
- 16% of victims are children under 12
- 51% of minor victims are girls in sex trafficking
In the US, thousands of trafficking cases persist, costing billions and harming victims through sex and forced labor.
Related reading
02 · Category
Prevalence And Scale30 stats
01
In 2022, the National Human Trafficking Hotline identified 10,359 human trafficking situations affecting 16,554 individual victims in the US
02
The US Department of State estimates that approximately 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the US annually from other countries
03
From 2013 to 2022, Polaris data shows over 100,000 signals of human trafficking reported to the Hotline
04
In fiscal year 2021, the FBI investigated 1,231 human trafficking cases leading to 1,108 arrests
05
A 2020 ILO report estimates 27.6 million people worldwide in forced labor, with 5 million in forced commercial sexual exploitation, impacting US via imports and domestic cases
06
US Customs and Border Protection reported 1,087 human trafficking related encounters at borders in FY2022
07
The Global Slavery Index 2023 estimates 1,091,000 people in modern slavery in the US
08
In 2021, the Hotline received 10,360 signals, with 49% sex trafficking, 28% labor trafficking cases
09
DOJ reports 1,252 trafficking defendants charged federally from 2011-2020
10
NIJ study found 83% of US trafficking victims are US citizens
11
In 2022, California reported 1,507 trafficking cases to the Hotline, highest in US
12
Texas had 1,043 cases reported in 2022
13
Florida saw 835 cases in 2022
14
New York reported 507 cases
15
Nevada had high per capita reports at 13.5 per 100,000
16
A 2018 Urban Institute study estimated sex trafficking generates $290 million annually in just 8 US cities
17
CDC estimates 1 in 6 runaways become victims of trafficking
18
40% of Hotline cases involve minors under 18
19
25% of signals come from victims self-reporting
20
Online platforms facilitated 60% of sex trafficking cases per Thorn 2022 report
21
In 2020, 7,727 unique victims identified by Hotline
22
US TIP Report 2023 notes increase in labor trafficking post-COVID
23
ICE Homeland Security Investigations opened 1,025 trafficking cases in FY2022
24
79% of US labor trafficking victims are foreign nationals
25
Sex trafficking accounts for 73% of child trafficking cases
26
300,000 US children at risk of commercial sexual exploitation yearly
27
Atlanta estimated 7,000+ victims in sex trafficking per year
28
Houston area has 150-200 underage sex trafficking victims rescued annually
29
Washington DC has highest per capita child trafficking reports
30
2023 GSI notes 49 people per 1,000 in modern slavery in US
Interpretation
Prevalence And Scale Interpretation
In 2022, the National Human Trafficking Hotline recorded 10,359 trafficking situations involving 16,554 victims in the US, underscoring how widespread and large-scale trafficking is domestically even as other agencies report thousands more cross border encounters and ongoing investigations.
03 · Category
Prosecutions And Enforcement25 stats
01
In FY2022, DOJ prosecuted 235 human traffickers federally
02
From 2011-2021, 1,834 federal trafficking convictions
03
FBI made 1,108 arrests in 1,231 investigations in FY2021
04
HSI initiated 1,025 cases, 532 arrests, 338 convictions in FY2022
05
TVPRA authorized $158M for anti-trafficking in FY2023
06
49 states have trafficking laws, but only 37 cover labor trafficking adequately
07
US rescued 1,017 victims via Operation Renewed Hope in 2023
08
Blue Campaign trained 2M+ professionals since 2010
09
2022 saw 275 federal sex trafficking indictments
10
State prosecutions: Texas convicted 200+ in 2022
11
California AG reported 100+ convictions annually
12
NY prosecuted 50 cases in 2022 under state law
13
FOSTA-SESTA law led to 90% drop in Backpage ads
14
1,300+ task forces funded by OJP
15
In 2023, Operation Cross Country rescued 59 minors, 87 arrests
16
Civil asset forfeiture seized $10M+ from traffickers since 2018
17
T visa granted to 2,195 victims in FY2022
18
Continued Presence status to 4,800+ foreign victims since 2000
19
35 states increased penalties post-2020
20
DOJ's Project Safe Childhood led to 10,000+ child sex arrests since 2006
21
Local PDs made 60% of trafficking arrests
22
Federal sentences averaged 15 years for traffickers in 2022
23
Only 1% of trafficking cases result in prosecution per Urban study
24
2023 NDAA allocated $102M for victim services
25
Fusion centers identified 500+ trafficking leads in 2022
Interpretation
Prosecutions And Enforcement Interpretation
In the prosecutions and enforcement arena, federal action remains substantial yet uneven with DOJ prosecuting 235 traffickers in FY2022 and DHS components like HSI initiating 1,025 cases but with only 37 of 49 states adequately covering labor trafficking, which helps explain why 1,834 federal trafficking convictions from 2011 to 2021 still reflect a limited geographic and labor-focused push.
More related reading
04 · Category
Trafficking Methods23 stats
01
Online recruitment via social media used in 63% of cases
02
Hotels and motels host 68% of sex trafficking commercial sex acts
03
Illicit massage businesses identified in 20 states as major sex trafficking hubs
04
Agriculture sector accounts for 68% of labor trafficking cases
05
Domestic work 12% of labor cases, often live-in exploitation
06
Bars, strip clubs, cantinas in 15% of cases
07
Force, fraud, coercion used in 89% of confirmed cases
08
Debt bondage affects 55% of labor trafficking victims
09
Online escort sites like Backpage involved in 80% of online sex ads pre-shutdown
10
Truck stops and travel plazas key locations for 25% of cases
11
Family-based trafficking in 34% of minor cases
12
Fake job offers lure 40% of labor victims
13
Passport confiscation in 50% of foreign labor cases
14
Pimps use romantic relationships to groom 75% of teen victims
15
Cryptocurrency used in 10% rising payments for trafficking
16
Construction industry 10% of labor trafficking
17
Street-based recruitment down 20% post-COVID, online up 50%
18
Restaurants/fast food 8% of cases
19
Threat of deportation controls 60% foreign victims
20
Social media apps like Instagram in 45% of grooming cases
21
Landscaping 7% labor cases
22
Gaming platforms used for initial contact in 15% youth cases
23
Isolated work sites like farms enable 70% agriculture control
Interpretation
Trafficking Methods Interpretation
Trafficking methods are increasingly shaped by digital and high-traffic venues, with online recruitment on social media driving 63% of cases and hotels or motels accounting for 68% of sex trafficking acts while agriculture represents 68% of labor trafficking cases.
05 · Category
Victim Demographics25 stats
01
27% of identified victims are female adults aged 18-25
02
16% of victims are children under 12
03
51% of minor victims are girls in sex trafficking
04
83% of confirmed sex trafficking victims are female
05
Black individuals represent 38% of Hotline victim reports despite being 13% of population
06
Hispanic/Latino victims make up 26% of reports
07
White victims 26%, Asian/Pacific Islander 4%
08
70% of labor trafficking victims are male
09
LGBTQ+ youth are 2x more likely to experience trafficking
10
90% of child sex trafficking victims know their trafficker, often family or intimate partner
11
Runaways and homeless youth comprise 40% of child trafficking victims
12
Native American women 2.2x more likely to experience trafficking
13
25% of trafficking victims have disabilities
14
Foreign nationals from Mexico comprise 30% of labor victims
15
60% of sex trafficking victims enter trade before age 18, average age 12-14
16
Foster care youth 4x more likely to be trafficked
17
98% of girls in sex trafficking experienced prior sexual abuse
18
Male victims often overlooked, representing 20-30% of cases
19
Elderly victims over 60 make up 1% but increasing in labor trafficking
20
35% of victims report drug addiction history
21
Immigrant women from East Asia 15% of sex trafficking victims
22
Transgender individuals 2.4x risk rate
23
50% of child victims are boys in labor trafficking
24
Rural areas see 20% higher Native victim rates
25
75% of victims suffer PTSD equivalent to war veterans
Interpretation
Victim Demographics Interpretation
Within victim demographics, the data show that 83% of confirmed sex trafficking victims are female and that girls make up 51% of minor sex trafficking victims, indicating a strong concentration of female and girl victims in the demographic profile.
Reference
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
James Okoro. (2026, February 13). Human Trafficking Us Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/human-trafficking-us-statistics
MLA
James Okoro. "Human Trafficking Us Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/human-trafficking-us-statistics.
Chicago
James Okoro. 2026. "Human Trafficking Us Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/human-trafficking-us-statistics.
Sources & references
33 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level