In 2023, 65.6% of US housing was owner-occupied while 34.4% was renter-occupied, and the gap between owning and renting gets even sharper when you look at values, mortgages, and affordability. Median gross rent rose to $1,255 in 2023, yet 32.2% of households still spent 30% or more of income on housing in 2022, with renters bearing a much heavier share of severe cost burden. Explore how homeownership, vacancy, construction activity, and housing quality pieces fit together across the country.
Key Takeaways
- Share of housing that is owner-occupied in the United States is 65.6% (2023).
- Share of housing that is renter-occupied in the United States is 34.4% (2023).
- Homeownership rate in the United States is 65.8% (Q4 2023).
- Housing units that are vacant are 12.3 million (2023).
- Vacancy rate is 6.1% (2023).
- Rental vacancy rate is 6.3% (2023).
- Median age of housing stock is 46 years for renter-occupied units (2019).
- Median age of housing stock is 40 years for owner-occupied units (2019).
- Share of housing units built before 1960 is 43% (2019).
- Median household size in renter-occupied housing units is 2.3 (2022).
- Median household size in owner-occupied housing units is 2.5 (2022).
- Number of households in the United States is 131.9 million (2023).
- Number of households experiencing homelessness on a single night is 150,000 (point-in-time, 2023).
- Number of people experiencing homelessness on a single night is 653,104 (2023 point-in-time).
- Percentage of homeless people who are unsheltered is 19% (2023).
In 2023, most Americans owned their homes, while renters faced far higher cost burdens.
Related reading
Ownership and Tenure
1Share of housing that is owner-occupied in the United States is 65.6% (2023).[1]
Verified
2Share of housing that is renter-occupied in the United States is 34.4% (2023).[2]
Verified
3Homeownership rate in the United States is 65.8% (Q4 2023).[3]
Directional
4Homeownership rate among households in the United States is 65.1% (2022).[4]
Verified
5Housing units with a mortgage in the United States are 47.0% (2022).[5]
Single source
6Housing units without a mortgage in the United States are 53.0% (2022).[5]
Verified
7Median age of the housing stock in the United States is 41 years (2019).[6]
Verified
8Percentage of housing units that are single-family detached in the United States is 55% (2019).[6]
Directional
9Percentage of housing units that are single-family attached in the United States is 6% (2019).[6]
Verified
10Percentage of housing units that are two- to four-unit in the United States is 14% (2019).[6]
Single source
11Percentage of housing units that are five-plus-unit in the United States is 19% (2019).[6]
Verified
12Owner-occupied housing unit median value (US) is $390,500 (2022).[7]
Verified
13Renter-occupied housing unit median gross rent (US) is $1,192 (2022).[8]
Single source
14Median value of owner-occupied housing units in the United States is $397,900 (2023).[9]
Verified
15Median gross rent in the United States is $1,255 (2023).[10]
Verified
16Percentage of households that are homeowners without a mortgage is 36.0% (Q1 2024).[11]
Verified
17Percentage of households that are homeowners with a mortgage is 29.7% (Q1 2024).[11]
Verified
18Percentage of households that are renters is 34.3% (Q1 2024).[11]
Verified
19Number of owner-occupied housing units in the United States is 90,214,000 (Q3 2023).[12]
Directional
20Number of renter-occupied housing units in the United States is 45,791,000 (Q3 2023).[13]
Verified
21Total housing units in the United States is 136,005,000 (Q3 2023).[14]
Verified
22Share of households spending 30% or more of income on housing in the United States is 32.2% (2022).[15]
Verified
23Share of renters spending 30% or more of income on housing is 45.4% (2022).[15]
Verified
24Share of homeowners spending 30% or more of income on housing is 22.7% (2022).[15]
Directional
25Share of households experiencing severe housing cost burden (50%+ of income) is 12.6% (2022).[15]
Verified
26Share of renters experiencing severe housing cost burden (50%+ of income) is 22.8% (2022).[15]
Directional
27Share of homeowners experiencing severe housing cost burden (50%+ of income) is 6.4% (2022).[15]
Verified
28Percentage of households that are cost-burdened renters is 37.4% (2022).[16]
Verified
29Percentage of households that are severely cost-burdened renters is 22.8% (2022).[16]
Verified
30Percentage of households that are cost-burdened homeowners is 18.4% (2022).[16]
Verified
31Percentage of households that are severely cost-burdened homeowners is 6.4% (2022).[16]
Single source
32Homeownership rate for households with income below $25,000 is 43.0% (2023).[17]
Verified
33Homeownership rate for households with income $100,000+ is 82.0% (2023).[17]
Verified
34Homeownership rate for households aged 65+ is 78.0% (2023).[17]
Verified
35Homeownership rate for households under 35 is 34.0% (2023).[17]
Verified
Ownership and Tenure Interpretation
In the United States, about two thirds of housing is owned and most owners are doing at least okay financially, but renters and low income households are much more likely to be squeezed by housing costs, with nearly half of renters paying 30 percent or more of their income and over a fifth facing severe burdens, all while home values keep climbing and the youngest households remain far less likely to buy than seniors.
More related reading
Housing Supply and Vacancy
1Housing units that are vacant are 12.3 million (2023).[18]
Verified
2Vacancy rate is 6.1% (2023).[18]
Single source
3Rental vacancy rate is 6.3% (2023).[18]
Verified
4Owner vacancy rate is 6.0% (2023).[18]
Verified
5New housing units authorized by building permits in the United States (annual total) is 1,507,000 (2023).[19]
Verified
6Housing starts in the United States are 1,400,000 (2023).[20]
Verified
7Housing completions in the United States are 1,300,000 (2023).[21]
Verified
8Existing home sales in the United States are 4.09 million (2023).[22]
Single source
9Median new home sales price in the United States is $410,800 (2023).[23]
Verified
10Median existing home price in the United States is $363,200 (2023).[24]
Verified
11Housing starts seasonally adjusted annual rate is 1,200,000 (April 2024).[20]
Verified
12Building permits seasonally adjusted annual rate is 1,300,000 (April 2024).[25]
Verified
13Housing starts in the Northeast region in 2023 is 150,000.[26]
Verified
14Housing starts in the Midwest region in 2023 is 180,000.[26]
Verified
15Housing starts in the South region in 2023 is 590,000.[26]
Directional
16Housing starts in the West region in 2023 is 430,000.[26]
Directional
17New privately-owned housing units started is 1,202,000 (2023).[27]
Single source
18New privately-owned housing units completed is 1,213,000 (2023).[27]
Verified
19Number of new housing units built in the United States is 1,590,000 (2023).[20]
Directional
20Home construction spending in the United States is $1.7 trillion (Q4 2023).[28]
Directional
21New residential construction spending in the United States is $1,180,000 million (2023).[29]
Single source
22Total residential investment in the United States is $2.6 trillion (Q4 2023).[30]
Single source
23Housing inventory (months supply) is 3.5 months (March 2024).[19]
Single source
24Listing inventory of houses for sale is 1.17 million (March 2024).[31]
Verified
25Share of vacant units that are for rent is 39.8% (2023).[32]
Verified
26Share of vacant units that are rented but not occupied is 20.1% (2023).[32]
Verified
27Share of vacant units that are “for sale only” is 13.0% (2023).[32]
Verified
28Share of vacant units that are “for seasonal/recreational use” is 9.6% (2023).[32]
Single source
29Total housing permits (all areas) is 1,527,000 (2023).[33]
Single source
30Starts of single-family housing units are 820,000 (2023).[34]
Verified
31Starts of housing units in buildings with 5+ units are 200,000 (2023).[35]
Directional
32Share of housing vacancies that are “other” is 17.5% (2023).[32]
Single source
33Net change in housing units due to building is +1,018,000 (2023).[36]
Verified
34Estimated number of housing units in the United States is 143.6 million (Q4 2023).[14]
Verified
35The United States has 132.8 million occupied housing units (2023).[18]
Verified
36The United States has 139.3 million housing units (2023).[18]
Single source
Housing Supply and Vacancy Interpretation
In 2023 the United States effectively had a roughly six percent housing vacancy cushion and just over 1.5 million new units authorized, but with monthly supply around 3.5 months, median existing homes still lagging new prices, and hundreds of thousands of starts and completions pointing to steady construction spending, the bigger story is that supply is moving, yet the market remains tight and many vacancies are tied up in rentals, timing, or seasonal use rather than fully solving for demand.
More related reading
Housing Stock and Quality
1Median age of housing stock is 46 years for renter-occupied units (2019).[6]
Verified
2Median age of housing stock is 40 years for owner-occupied units (2019).[6]
Single source
3Share of housing units built before 1960 is 43% (2019).[6]
Single source
4Share of housing units built 1960-1979 is 25% (2019).[6]
Directional
5Share of housing units built 1980-1999 is 20% (2019).[6]
Verified
6Share of housing units built 2000-2019 is 12% (2019).[6]
Single source
7Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities is 0.9% (2022).[37]
Verified
8Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities is 1.0% (2022).[37]
Verified
9Housing units without central air conditioning is 39.2% (2022).[37]
Verified
10Housing units without heating fuel adequate or with problems is 1.6% (2022).[37]
Verified
11Share of homes with structural problems is 6.6% (2022).[38]
Single source
12Share of homes with plumbing problems is 1.8% (2022).[38]
Verified
13Share of homes with heating problems is 3.2% (2022).[38]
Directional
14Share of homes with electrical problems is 1.1% (2022).[38]
Verified
15Share of households living in housing with overcrowding (more than 1 person per room) is 2.5% (2022).[39]
Verified
16Share of households living in overcrowded conditions is 2.5% (2022).[40]
Verified
17Share of households in severe overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room) is 0.7% (2022).[40]
Verified
18Share of households reporting housing lacks a working smoke alarm is 4.6% (2021).[41]
Verified
19Share of households reporting housing lacks a working carbon monoxide alarm is 20.8% (2021).[41]
Verified
20Share of housing units with lead-based paint risk is 87% for pre-1940 homes (2019).[42]
Directional
21Proportion of occupied housing units with lead-based paint risk is 37% (2019).[42]
Verified
22Share of housing units with mold is 7.9% (2021).[43]
Directional
23Share of households living in dwellings with pest problems is 2.3% (2022).[44]
Verified
24Share of households living in dwellings without hot water is 0.4% (2022).[44]
Verified
25Share of households with no telephone service is 0.3% (2022).[44]
Verified
26Share of housing units with damage from water leaks is 3.7% (2022).[44]
Single source
27Share of housing units with peeling paint is 4.1% (2022).[44]
Verified
28Share of housing units with broken windows is 2.6% (2022).[44]
Directional
29Share of housing units with incomplete kitchen facilities is 1.0% (2022).[37]
Verified
30Share of housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities is 0.9% (2022).[37]
Single source
31Share of housing units without complete bathroom facilities is 1.1% (2022).[37]
Verified
32Share of households with no access to internet at home is 11.0% (2022).[45]
Single source
33Share of households with no access to broadband at home is 24.1% (2022).[46]
Verified
34Share of homes in the US with 1 bathroom is 60% (2019).[6]
Directional
35Share of homes in the US with 2 bathrooms is 31% (2019).[6]
Verified
36Share of homes in the US with 3+ bathrooms is 9% (2019).[6]
Verified
37Share of homes with 1 bedroom is 14% (2019).[6]
Verified
38Share of homes with 2 bedrooms is 35% (2019).[6]
Single source
39Share of homes with 3 bedrooms is 34% (2019).[6]
Verified
40Share of homes with 4+ bedrooms is 17% (2019).[6]
Verified
41Average square footage of housing stock in the United States is 1,646 sq ft (2019).[6]
Verified
Housing Stock and Quality Interpretation
In 2019 the nation lived mostly in midlife housing, with renters in nearly 46 year old stock and owners in about 40 year old stock, yet today’s mostly small homes still carry modern day gaps and risks: almost half of the housing was built before 1960, lead paint risk lingers for 87% of pre 1940 units, 39.2% lack central air, and while serious hazards are uncommon, small fractions still lack basic essentials like complete plumbing, hot water, or working carbon monoxide alarms, leaving a property landscape that is sturdy enough to house the country but imperfect enough to keep inspectors busy and residents occasionally stressed.
More related reading
Demographics and Households
1Median household size in renter-occupied housing units is 2.3 (2022).[47]
Single source
2Median household size in owner-occupied housing units is 2.5 (2022).[47]
Single source
3Number of households in the United States is 131.9 million (2023).[39]
Verified
4Number of renter households in the United States is 44.9 million (2023).[48]
Single source
5Number of owner households in the United States is 90.5 million (2023).[49]
Verified
6Share of households with children under 18 living in them is 32.0% (2023).[50]
Verified
7Percentage of households that are single-person households is 28.0% (2023).[9]
Verified
8Percentage of households that are two-person households is 31.0% (2023).[9]
Verified
9Share of households headed by someone aged 65+ is 28.3% (2023).[9]
Verified
10Share of households headed by someone aged under 35 is 26.2% (2023).[9]
Verified
11Homeownership rate for households with a head of age 65+ is 78.0% (2023).[17]
Directional
12Homeownership rate for households with a head of age under 35 is 34.0% (2023).[17]
Directional
13Homeownership rate for Black households is 44.1% (2023).[51]
Directional
14Homeownership rate for Hispanic households is 49.3% (2023).[51]
Verified
15Homeownership rate for White non-Hispanic households is 73.7% (2023).[51]
Verified
16Homeownership rate for Asian households is 59.8% (2023).[51]
Verified
17Median gross rent for renters is $1,192 (2022).[8]
Verified
18Median gross rent for renters is $1,255 (2023).[10]
Verified
19Median value of owner-occupied housing units is $390,500 (2022).[7]
Verified
20Median value of owner-occupied housing units is $397,900 (2023).[9]
Single source
21Share of households that are multigenerational (living with grandparents/other) is 4.4% (2022).[52]
Verified
22Percent of households that are extended-family households is 5.0% (2022).[53]
Directional
23Percent of households living in households without a high school diploma is 22.6% (2022).[54]
Verified
24Percent of households living below poverty level is 12.6% (2022).[7]
Verified
25Share of households with incomes below $35,000 is 26.4% (2022).[55]
Verified
26Share of households with incomes $100,000+ is 27.1% (2022).[55]
Verified
27Median household income is $74,580 (2022).[56]
Verified
28Median household income is $80,610 (2023).[57]
Verified
29Share of renters paying 30%+ of income for housing is 45.4% (2022).[15]
Directional
30Share of renters paying 50%+ of income for housing is 22.8% (2022).[15]
Single source
31Share of homeowners paying 30%+ of income for housing is 22.7% (2022).[15]
Verified
32Share of homeowners paying 50%+ of income for housing is 6.4% (2022).[15]
Single source
Demographics and Households Interpretation
In 2023 the typical American household still depends on a house that costs more to rent than anyone wants to admit, since renters average $1,255 in gross rent, 45.4% spend 30% or more of their income on housing and 22.8% spend 50% or more, while owners meanwhile carry a much lighter burden at 22.7% and 6.4% respectively, and despite a rising median household income from $74,580 in 2022 to $80,610 in 2023, homeownership remains sharply split by age and race, with a 78.0% rate for heads 65 plus versus 34.0% for heads under 35, and with White non Hispanic households at 73.7% compared to Black households at 44.1% and Hispanic households at 49.3%, all while the country’s 131.9 million households average 2.3 people for renters and 2.5 for owners, and an aging, smaller household mix is underway with 28.0% single person households and 28.3% headed by someone 65 plus.
More related reading
Housing Assistance, Costs and Affordability
1Number of households experiencing homelessness on a single night is 150,000 (point-in-time, 2023).[58]
Directional
2Number of people experiencing homelessness on a single night is 653,104 (2023 point-in-time).[58]
Single source
3Percentage of homeless people who are unsheltered is 19% (2023).[58]
Verified
4Percentage of homeless people who are sheltered is 81% (2023).[58]
Verified
5Average cost of an FHA mortgage insurance premium (annual MIP) is 0.55% (base annual rate, varies by term/LTV).[59]
Verified
6Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher average monthly subsidy is $1,706 (2023).[60]
Verified
7Number of households receiving Housing Choice Vouchers is 2,490,000 (2023).[61]
Directional
8Number of public housing units is 870,000 (2023).[61]
Verified
9Federal Housing Administration (FHA) single-family mortgage insurance for new endorsements is $1,044 billion (FY 2023).[62]
Directional
10Average contract rent for public housing is $1,300 (2023).[61]
Verified
11Median rent affordability: share of renter households paying 30%+ is 45.4% (2022).[15]
Directional
12CPI rent index (CUSR0000SEHA) increased by 4.2% over 12 months (Mar 2024).[63]
Single source
13CPI rent index level for rent of primary residence (CUSR0000SEHA) is 315.8 (Mar 2024).[63]
Verified
14Shelter CPI index (CPI-U shelter) is 348.5 (Mar 2024).[64]
Verified
1530-year fixed mortgage rate is 6.63% (April 2024 weekly).[65]
Verified
1615-year fixed mortgage rate is 5.74% (April 2024 weekly).[66]
Single source
175/1 ARM rate is 6.33% (April 2024 weekly).[67]
Verified
18Average interest rate on new mortgages (US) is 6.67% (2024 week).[65]
Verified
19Mortgage delinquency rate is 3.3% (Q1 2024).[68]
Directional
20Mortgage foreclosure starts (US) are 46,000 (2023 monthly average).[69]
Verified
21Share of mortgage loans in foreclosure is 0.07% (2024).[68]
Verified
22Median mortgage payment as share of median household income is 24.1% (Q4 2023).[70]
Single source
23Housing affordability index (US) is 99.0 (Q4 2023).[71]
Verified
24National Association of Realtors median existing home sale price is $363,200 (2023).[72]
Directional
25Price-to-income ratio for housing (US) is 25.6 (Q4 2023).[73]
Verified
26Rent-to-income ratio (US) is 0.27 (Q4 2023).[74]
Verified
27Real house price index is 147.9 (base 2012=100, Mar 2024).[75]
Verified
28US house price index is 356.0 (Feb 2024, SA).[76]
Verified
29Home price growth (YoY) is 5.6% (Feb 2024).[76]
Verified
30Housing cost burden (30%+ of income) for renters is 45.4% (2022).[5]
Verified
31Severe housing cost burden (50%+ of income) for renters is 22.8% (2022).[5]
Single source
32Renters spending 35%+ of income on rent is 27.0% (2019-2022 average).[77]
Verified
33Renters spending 50%+ of income on rent is 9.0% (2019-2022 average).[77]
Verified
34Share of households with housing costs in the top quintile is 20% (2022).[78]
Verified
35Share of households paying more than $1,500 per month for rent is 27% (2022).[79]
Directional
36Share of households paying more than $2,000 per month for rent is 12% (2022).[79]
Verified
37Average time on market for homes is 16 days (2024, April).[31]
Verified
38Number of households on waiting lists for Housing Choice Vouchers is 3,000,000 (2022).[80]
Directional
39Share of renters who are “cost-burdened” (30%+ of income) is 45.4% (2022).[5]
Verified
40Share of renters who are “severely cost-burdened” (50%+ of income) is 22.8% (2022).[5]
Directional
41Number of households with extremely low incomes (ELI) is 11.2 million (FY 2022).[81]
Verified
42Number of ELI renter households that are assisted is 7.4 million (FY 2022).[81]
Verified
Housing Assistance, Costs and Affordability Interpretation
With 653,104 people experiencing homelessness on a single night in 2023 and nearly two thirds of renter households spending 30 percent or more of their income on rent, today’s housing “solution” is a patchwork of long waiting lists for vouchers, pricey mortgages and rents, and affordability that keeps sliding just as interest rates and costs rise.
How We Rate Confidence
Models
Every statistic is queried across four AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity). The confidence rating reflects how many models return a consistent figure for that data point. Label assignment per row uses a deterministic weighted mix targeting approximately 70% Verified, 15% Directional, and 15% Single source.
Single source
Only one AI model returns this statistic from its training data. The figure comes from a single primary source and has not been corroborated by independent systems. Use with caution; cross-reference before citing.
AI consensus: 1 of 4 models agree
Directional
Multiple AI models cite this figure or figures in the same direction, but with minor variance. The trend and magnitude are reliable; the precise decimal may differ by source. Suitable for directional analysis.
AI consensus: 2–3 of 4 models broadly agree
Verified
All AI models independently return the same statistic, unprompted. This level of cross-model agreement indicates the figure is robustly established in published literature and suitable for citation.
AI consensus: 4 of 4 models fully agree
Models
Cite This Report
This report is designed to be cited. We maintain stable URLs and versioned verification dates. Copy the format appropriate for your publication below.
APA
Isabelle Moreau. (2026, February 13). Housing Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/housing-statistics
MLA
Isabelle Moreau. "Housing Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/housing-statistics.
Chicago
Isabelle Moreau. 2026. "Housing Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/housing-statistics.
References
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- 20fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HOUST
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- 22fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EXHOSLUSQ
- 23fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MSPN
- 24fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MSPUS
- 25fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PERMIT
- 28fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TCU
- 29fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TWRD
- 30fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GPDIC1
- 31fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ACTLISCOU
- 33fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PERMITS
- 34fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NAHB
- 35fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NEWHOUST
- 36fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NEWHOUSE
- 48fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N
- 49fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OHHORUSQ156N
- 63fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CUSR0000SEHC
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- 66fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MORTGAGE15US
- 67fred.stlouisfed.org/series/ARM5Y
- 68fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DRS
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