From the morning rush in Finland, where people drink more coffee than anywhere else on earth, to the booming cafes of China where consumption has doubled in just five years, the journey of the humble coffee bean fuels a staggering global industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars, all beginning with the 170 million bags produced last year by over 125 million people farming on five continents.
Key Takeaways
- Global coffee production reached 170.0 million 60-kg bags in the 2022/23 coffee year, up 7.9% from the previous year.
- Brazil led global coffee production with 66.3 million bags in 2022/23, representing 39.0% of the world total.
- Vietnam produced 29.1 million bags of coffee in 2022/23, primarily robusta, making it the second-largest producer.
- World coffee consumption grew to 171.4 million bags in 2022/23, up 2.1%.
- The EU consumed 52.0 million bags in 2022/23, 30% of global total.
- United States coffee consumption reached 26.4 million bags in 2022/23.
- Global coffee exports totaled 118.0 million bags in 2022/23.
- Brazil exported 44.9 million bags in 2022/23, 38% of world exports.
- Vietnam exports reached 27.7 million bags, mostly robusta.
- The global coffee market was valued at $263.7 billion in 2023.
- Retail coffee market size projected to reach $155 billion by 2025.
- At-home coffee preparation segment $100 billion in 2023.
- 88% of coffee production certified sustainable by 2030 goal.
- Climate change projected to reduce arabica suitability by 88% by 2050.
- 50% of coffee farms vulnerable to drought by 2030.
The global coffee industry is growing but faces climate change and price challenges.
Consumption
- World coffee consumption grew to 171.4 million bags in 2022/23, up 2.1%.
- The EU consumed 52.0 million bags in 2022/23, 30% of global total.
- United States coffee consumption reached 26.4 million bags in 2022/23.
- Brazil consumed 22.0 million bags domestically in 2022/23.
- Japan imported coffee equivalent to 8.5 million bags consumed in 2022/23.
- Germany's per capita consumption was 8.9 kg in 2022.
- Instant coffee accounted for 27% of global consumption in 2023.
- Roasted coffee represented 44% of consumption, ready-to-drink 29% in 2023.
- Out-of-home consumption grew 4.5% annually to 2025 forecast.
- Finland has the highest per capita coffee consumption at 12.1 kg/year in 2022.
- US per capita coffee consumption was 4.2 kg in 2022.
- 62% of Americans drink coffee daily, averaging 3 cups per day.
- Specialty coffee consumption in US grew 10% YoY in 2023.
- China coffee consumption doubled to 4 million bags from 2018-2023.
- Millennials consume 44% more coffee than previous generations.
- Ready-to-drink coffee sales up 15% globally in 2022.
- Cold brew coffee market grew 25% CAGR 2018-2023.
- Organic coffee consumption rose 12% YoY in Europe 2022.
- 70% of coffee consumed in US is roasted at home or offices.
- Espresso-based drinks make up 50% of coffee shop sales globally.
- Women aged 25-34 consume 20% more coffee than average.
- Decaf coffee is 10% of total US consumption.
- Coffee consumption peaks at 8-9 AM globally.
- Single-serve pods grew to 40% of at-home consumption in 2023.
Consumption Interpretation
As the world collectively chugs 171.4 million bags of coffee annually, fueled by Europe's dominant third, America's steady brew, and China's explosive growth, our global identity is increasingly becoming a single organism that runs on caffeine and convenience.
Market Value
- The global coffee market was valued at $263.7 billion in 2023.
- Retail coffee market size projected to reach $155 billion by 2025.
- At-home coffee preparation segment $100 billion in 2023.
- Coffee shop industry revenue $500 billion globally in 2023.
- Instant coffee market $50 billion in 2023, CAGR 4.5%.
- Specialty coffee market $85 billion in 2023.
- Nespresso capsules sales $6.5 billion in 2022.
- Starbucks global revenue $32 billion from coffee in FY2023.
- Coffee futures market turnover $50 billion annually.
- Brazil coffee sector contributes 3.5% to GDP, $10 billion exports.
- US coffee imports value $10 billion in 2022.
- Premium coffee segment growing at 6% CAGR to 2030.
- Single-serve coffee market $30 billion in 2023.
- Organic coffee market $15 billion globally 2023.
- Cold brew market valued at $1.2 billion in 2023.
- Coffee vending machines revenue $20 billion.
- E-commerce coffee sales up 25% to $25 billion in 2023.
- Fairtrade coffee premium payments $200 million annually.
- ICO composite price averaged 150 US cents/lb in 2023.
- Coffee contributes $500 billion to global economy indirectly.
- Roaster margins average 20-30% on retail prices.
- Farmer share of retail price is 10-20% typically.
- Global coffee retail price inflation 15% in 2022.
- 60 million households buy coffee monthly worldwide.
- Coffee RTD beverages market $25 billion in 2023.
Market Value Interpretation
The next time you sip your brew, know you’re part of a $500 billion global engine that runs on a caffeine-fueled paradox—where billions are made from your daily ritual while the farmers who grew those beans see less than a dime of your five-dollar latte.
Production
- Global coffee production reached 170.0 million 60-kg bags in the 2022/23 coffee year, up 7.9% from the previous year.
- Brazil led global coffee production with 66.3 million bags in 2022/23, representing 39.0% of the world total.
- Vietnam produced 29.1 million bags of coffee in 2022/23, primarily robusta, making it the second-largest producer.
- Colombia's coffee production totaled 12.4 million bags in 2022/23, with arabica dominating at 95% of output.
- Indonesia produced 9.2 million bags in 2022/23, with robusta accounting for 60% of its production.
- Ethiopia's coffee output was 8.3 million bags in 2022/23, mostly arabica from smallholder farms.
- Honduras produced 5.7 million bags in 2022/23, facing challenges from leaf rust disease.
- Uganda's production reached 5.9 million bags in 2022/23, largely robusta for instant coffee markets.
- Peru output 4.6 million bags in 2022/23, with certified sustainable coffee growing rapidly.
- India produced 3.7 million bags in 2022/23, split between arabica and robusta varieties.
- Arabica production globally was 95.4 million bags in 2022/23, up from 89.1 million the prior year.
- Robusta production hit 74.6 million bags in 2022/23, driven by Vietnam's recovery.
- Coffee yields in Brazil averaged 28.5 bags per hectare in 2022/23 for arabica.
- Vietnam's coffee area harvested was 680,000 hectares in 2022/23, yielding 42.8 bags/ha.
- Climate change reduced potential coffee areas by 50% in Latin America by 2050 projections.
- Smallholder farmers produce 80% of the world's coffee on less than 5 hectares each.
- Global coffee plantings increased by 2.5% to 11.2 million hectares in 2022.
- Mexico's production fell to 4.0 million bags in 2022/23 due to roya disease.
- Guatemala produced 3.5 million bags in 2022/23, with high-quality arabica from volcanic soils.
- Costa Rica's output was 1.8 million bags in 2022/23, 100% arabica.
- Tanzania produced 1.5 million bags in 2022/23, mostly arabica washed coffees.
- Papua New Guinea output reached 1.1 million bags in 2022/23.
- Global arabica yields averaged 0.9 tonnes per hectare in 2022.
- Robusta yields globally were 1.2 tonnes/ha in major producers like Vietnam.
- Brazil's conilon robusta production surged 20% to 21 million bags in 2022/23.
- Over 125 million people worldwide are involved in coffee production.
- Coffee is grown in over 70 countries, with top 10 accounting for 80% output.
- Average farm size for coffee is 2.5 hectares globally.
- Mechanized harvesting covers 40% of Brazilian coffee fields.
- Global coffee production costs averaged $1.50 per kg for arabica in 2022.
Production Interpretation
The global coffee industry is a tale of robust resilience and arabica anxieties, where a record harvest brews in the shadow of leaf rust, climate forecasts, and the stark reality that the world's 125 million coffee farmers, mostly tending tiny plots, carry the weight of our collective caffeine addiction on their shoulders.
Sustainability
- 88% of coffee production certified sustainable by 2030 goal.
- Climate change projected to reduce arabica suitability by 88% by 2050.
- 50% of coffee farms vulnerable to drought by 2030.
- Rainforest Alliance certifies 15% of global coffee production.
- Fairtrade certified coffee volume 500,000 tons annually.
- Water usage for coffee production averages 140 liters per cup.
- Deforestation linked to coffee: 2.5 million hectares since 1990.
- Organic coffee covers 1.5% of global production area.
- Carbon footprint of coffee: 15 kg CO2 per kg roasted.
- Women comprise 30% of coffee workforce but own 15% farms.
- Leaf rust affects 40% of arabica fields annually.
- Regenerative agriculture adopted on 10% of farms by 2023.
- Plastic waste from pods: 100 billion units yearly potential.
- Shade-grown coffee preserves 80% more biodiversity.
- 4C certified coffee: 500,000 tons traded annually.
- UTZ program merged into Rainforest, covering 800,000 farmers.
- Coffee price volatility impacts 25 million smallholders.
- Agroforestry systems increase yields 30% sustainably.
- Recyclable pods introduced by 70% of major brands by 2025.
- Biodiversity credits for coffee farms piloted in 5 countries.
- Zero-deforestation commitments by 40% of roasters.
- Farmer training reaches 2 million via sustainability programs.
- Mycotoxins contamination reduced 50% via better drying.
Sustainability Interpretation
We are racing to certify coffee as sustainable on a planet that seems determined to make growing it nearly impossible, a beautifully tragic irony where our ambition is constantly checked by the harsh reality of a changing climate and the immense challenge of actual farming.
Trade
- Global coffee exports totaled 118.0 million bags in 2022/23.
- Brazil exported 44.9 million bags in 2022/23, 38% of world exports.
- Vietnam exports reached 27.7 million bags, mostly robusta.
- Colombia exported 12.6 million bags of arabica in 2022/23.
- Indonesia shipped 7.2 million bags in 2022/23.
- Honduras exports totaled 5.3 million bags in 2022/23.
- Uganda exported 5.8 million bags, mainly to Europe.
- EU imported 49.5 million bags in 2022/23, largest importer.
- US imports were 25.5 million bags in 2022/23.
- Japan imported 7.8 million bags in 2022/23.
- Germany imported 22.1 million bags, top EU nation.
- Coffee trade value exceeded $30 billion in 2022.
- Green coffee exports from Africa totaled 13.5 million bags in 2022/23.
- Direct trade agreements grew 15% in specialty coffee sector 2023.
- Container shortages delayed 10% of coffee shipments in 2021-22.
- Robusta export prices averaged $2,100 per ton in 2023.
- Arabica futures traded at 150-200 cents/lb in 2023.
- 75% of coffee trade is through intermediaries.
- C-market differential for specialty averaged 50 cents/lb.
- Brazil to US exports: 8 million bags annually average.
- Vietnam-EU trade hit 12 million bags in 2022.
- Coffee re-exports from Germany: 5 million bags.
- Blockchain-tracked coffee shipments up 20% in 2023.
- Tariff barriers affect 15% of global coffee trade.
- Intra-regional Latin America trade: 4 million bags.
- Global green coffee imports: 115 million bags in 2022/23.
Trade Interpretation
While Brazil and Vietnam brew up nearly two-thirds of the world's exports, it is Europe that sips the lion's share, proving the global coffee trade is a masterclass in how some nations grow the beans and others grow the profits.
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