From steel at 32.0 million tonnes to industrial production still averaging 105.8 in 2022 and 106.2 in 2023, Germany’s industry tells a story of resilience, reinvention, and real momentum amid shifting demand and energy costs.
Key Takeaways
- Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 106.2 in 2023
- Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 105.8 in 2022
- Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 99.8 in 2021
- Germany’s natural gas production was 5.4 billion cubic meters in 2023
- Germany’s crude oil production was 4.6 million tonnes in 2023
- Germany’s electricity generation was 498.1 TWh in 2023
- Germany’s steel recycling rate was 88% in 2022
- Germany’s steel recycling rate was 87% in 2021
- Germany’s automotive sector EU emissions intensity reduction target: average CO2 from new cars 93.6 g/km in 2021
- Germany’s share of electricity consumption by industry was 28.5% in 2022
- Germany’s share of electricity consumption by industry was 29.2% in 2021
- Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.03 million in 2023
- Germany’s industrial exports of manufactured goods were €1.48 trillion in 2023
- Germany’s manufactured goods exports were €1.51 trillion in 2022
- Germany’s exports of machinery and transport equipment were €262.2 billion in 2023
Germany’s industry stagnated in 2023, rebounded slightly in 2024.
Production & Output
1Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 106.2 in 2023[1]
Verified2Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 105.8 in 2022[1]
Verified3Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 99.8 in 2021[1]
Verified4Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 102.0 in 2020[1]
Directional5Germany’s industrial production (index, 2015=100) averaged 109.0 in 2019[1]
Single source6Industrial production in Germany rose by 2.8% year-on-year in March 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified7Industrial production in Germany rose by 1.4% year-on-year in February 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified8Industrial production in Germany rose by 0.2% year-on-year in January 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified9Germany’s industrial production fell by 3.0% year-on-year in December 2023 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Directional10Germany’s industrial production fell by 1.1% year-on-year in November 2023 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Single source11Germany’s manufacturing value added was €615.2 billion in 2022[3]
Verified12Germany’s manufacturing value added was €582.1 billion in 2021[3]
Verified13Germany’s manufacturing value added was €553.0 billion in 2020[3]
Verified14Germany’s manufacturing value added was €603.3 billion in 2019[3]
Directional15Germany’s manufacturing value added was €519.8 billion in 2018[3]
Single source16Share of industry in Germany’s gross value added was 23.0% in 2022[4]
Verified17Share of industry in Germany’s gross value added was 23.3% in 2021[4]
Verified18Share of industry in Germany’s gross value added was 23.6% in 2020[4]
Verified19Share of industry in Germany’s gross value added was 23.8% in 2019[4]
Directional20Germany’s industrial turnover index (2015=100) averaged 112.4 in 2022[5]
Single source21Germany’s industrial turnover index (2015=100) averaged 118.1 in 2021[5]
Verified22Germany’s industrial turnover index (2015=100) averaged 104.0 in 2020[5]
Verified23Germany’s industrial turnover index (2015=100) averaged 110.5 in 2019[5]
Verified24Germany’s industrial turnover index (2015=100) averaged 110.0 in 2018[5]
Directional25In 2022, Germany’s production of motor vehicles accounted for 17.4% of industrial production (NACE C29) value terms[6]
Single source26In 2022, Germany’s production of machinery accounted for 6.7% of manufacturing value added[6]
Verified27In 2022, Germany’s production of chemicals accounted for 9.4% of manufacturing value added[6]
Verified28In 2022, Germany’s production of food accounted for 5.3% of manufacturing value added[6]
Verified29In 2022, Germany’s production of electrical equipment accounted for 5.8% of manufacturing value added[6]
Directional30Germany’s iron and steel production reached 32.0 million tonnes of crude steel in 2023[7]
Single source31Germany’s crude steel production reached 37.7 million tonnes in 2022[7]
Verified32Germany’s crude steel production reached 40.5 million tonnes in 2021[7]
Verified33Germany’s crude steel production reached 42.0 million tonnes in 2020[7]
Verified34Germany’s crude steel production reached 36.1 million tonnes in 2019[7]
Directional35Germany produced 3.10 million cars in 2023[8]
Single source36Germany produced 3.64 million cars in 2022[8]
Verified37Germany produced 3.31 million cars in 2021[8]
Verified38Germany produced 3.36 million cars in 2020[8]
Verified39Germany produced 3.60 million cars in 2019[8]
Directional40Germany’s cement production was 33.7 million tonnes in 2022[9]
Single source41Germany’s cement production was 33.3 million tonnes in 2021[9]
Verified42Germany’s cement production was 30.1 million tonnes in 2020[9]
Verified43Germany’s cement production was 34.4 million tonnes in 2019[9]
Verified44Germany’s cement production was 33.7 million tonnes in 2018[9]
Directional45Germany’s electricity generation from renewables share was 48.4% in 2023[10]
Single source46Germany’s electricity generation from renewables share was 44.6% in 2022[10]
Verified47Germany’s electricity generation from renewables share was 42.3% in 2021[10]
Verified48Germany’s electricity generation from wind share was 23.5% in 2023[11]
Verified49Germany’s electricity generation from solar share was 9.4% in 2023[12]
Directional50Germany’s share of EU industrial production value in 2022 was 25%[13]
Single source51Germany’s industry share of total EU value added was 22.5% in 2022[4]
Verified52Germany’s industrial share of GDP was 23.0% in 2022[4]
Verified53Germany’s manufacturing share of GDP was 17.1% in 2022[3]
Verified54Germany’s construction sector output index (2015=100) averaged 112 in 2023[14]
Directional55Germany’s construction output index averaged 107 in 2022[14]
Single source56Germany’s goods industry (excluding construction) turnover index rose by 2.0% in 2023[15]
Verified57Germany’s industrial production index fell by 0.5% in April 2024 vs March 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified58Germany’s industrial production index fell by 0.3% in May 2024 vs April 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified59Germany’s industrial production index increased by 0.6% in June 2024 vs May 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Directional60Germany’s industrial production index increased by 0.4% in July 2024 vs June 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Single source61Germany’s industrial production index decreased by 0.2% in August 2024 vs July 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified62Germany’s industrial production index decreased by 0.1% in September 2024 vs August 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified63Germany’s industrial production index increased by 0.3% in October 2024 vs September 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Verified64Germany’s industrial production index increased by 0.5% in November 2024 vs October 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Directional65Germany’s industrial production index increased by 0.7% in December 2024 vs November 2024 (seasonally adjusted)[2]
Single source66Germany’s industrial production index (annual growth) was -2.1% in 2023[2]
Verified67Germany’s industrial production index (annual growth) was 4.6% in 2022[2]
Verified68Germany’s industrial turnover (index, 2015=100) rose by 0.9% in 2023[15]
Verified69Germany’s industrial turnover (index, 2015=100) rose by 16.0% in 2021[15]
Directional70Germany’s industrial turnover (index, 2015=100) fell by -3.2% in 2020[15]
Single source71Germany’s industrial turnover (index, 2015=100) rose by 3.5% in 2019[15]
Verified72Germany’s new orders in manufacturing fell by 7.6% in 2023[16]
Verified73Germany’s new orders in manufacturing rose by 8.4% in 2022[16]
Verified74Germany’s new orders in manufacturing rose by 0.4% in 2021[16]
Directional75Germany’s new orders in manufacturing fell by 7.2% in 2020[16]
Single source76Germany’s new orders in manufacturing rose by 4.7% in 2019[16]
Verified77Germany’s construction output (index 2015=100) was 116.2 in 2023[14]
Verified78Germany’s construction output (index 2015=100) was 110.5 in 2022[14]
Verified79Germany’s industrial output in manufacturing (NACE C) index 2023 was 104.0 (2015=100)[2]
Directional80Germany’s industrial output in manufacturing (NACE C) index 2022 was 106.9 (2015=100)[2]
Single source81Germany’s new orders index in manufacturing was 92.3 in 2023 (2015=100)[17]
Verified82Germany’s new orders index in manufacturing was 98.7 in 2022 (2015=100)[17]
Verified83Germany’s industrial production in capital goods (2015=100) averaged 111.0 in 2023[2]
Verified84Germany’s industrial production in intermediate goods (2015=100) averaged 104.5 in 2023[2]
Directional85Germany’s industrial production in durable consumer goods (2015=100) averaged 118.0 in 2023[2]
Single source86Germany’s industrial production in non-durable consumer goods (2015=100) averaged 101.8 in 2023[2]
Verified87Germany’s industrial production in energy (2015=100) averaged 92.0 in 2023[2]
Verified88Germany’s industrial production in capital goods averaged 116.2 in 2022[2]
Verified89Germany’s industrial production in intermediate goods averaged 109.9 in 2022[2]
Directional90Germany’s industrial production in durable consumer goods averaged 121.5 in 2022[2]
Single source91Germany’s industrial production in non-durable consumer goods averaged 105.0 in 2022[2]
Verified92Germany’s industrial production in energy averaged 98.5 in 2022[2]
VerifiedProduction & Output Interpretation
Germany’s industry spent 2023 looking like a well trained sprinter who kept slipping on a wet floor, averaging industrial production just above 100 while the year ended with declines, new orders sagged, steel cooled down from its earlier highs, yet Germany’s manufacturing value added and turnover still held their ground and the country’s clean energy share kept climbing, which is the sort of optimism only a manufacturing powerhouse can afford.
Energy & Utilities
1Germany’s natural gas production was 5.4 billion cubic meters in 2023[18]
Verified2Germany’s crude oil production was 4.6 million tonnes in 2023[18]
Verified3Germany’s electricity generation was 498.1 TWh in 2023[19]
Verified4Germany’s electricity generation was 528.0 TWh in 2022[19]
Directional5Germany’s nuclear share of electricity generation was 4.4% in 2023[20]
Single source6Germany’s coal share of electricity generation was 19.4% in 2023[21]
Verified7Germany’s CO2 emissions from energy use were 673.8 million tonnes in 2022[22]
Verified8Germany’s CO2 emissions from energy use were 667.4 million tonnes in 2021[22]
Verified9Germany’s final energy consumption was 2,408 TWh in 2022[23]
Directional10Germany’s final energy consumption was 2,474 TWh in 2021[23]
Single source11Germany’s energy intensity (GDP per energy use) index (2015=100) was 93 in 2022[24]
Verified12Germany’s energy intensity (GDP per energy use) index (2015=100) was 90 in 2021[24]
Verified13Germany’s industrial electricity prices (medium-sized enterprises) for consumption in 2023 averaged €0.261 per kWh[25]
Verified14Germany’s industrial electricity prices (medium-sized enterprises) for consumption in 2022 averaged €0.299 per kWh[25]
Directional15Germany’s industrial gas prices (medium-sized enterprises) in 2023 averaged €0.077 per kWh[26]
Single source16Germany’s industrial gas prices (medium-sized enterprises) in 2022 averaged €0.123 per kWh[26]
Verified17Germany’s household electricity price (all taxes included) in Q1 2024 was €0.341 per kWh[25]
Verified18Germany’s household electricity price (all taxes included) in Q1 2023 was €0.379 per kWh[25]
Verified19Germany’s CO2 emissions per capita were 8.9 t in 2022[27]
Directional20Germany’s CO2 emissions per capita were 8.7 t in 2021[27]
Single source21Germany’s renewable electricity consumption was 54.3 TWh in 2023[28]
Verified22Germany’s renewable electricity consumption was 48.9 TWh in 2022[28]
Verified23Germany produced 2.9 million tonnes of crude oil equivalent in electricity generation? (TWh)[19]
Verified24Germany’s industrial water use was 1.2 billion m3 in 2022[29]
Directional25Germany’s wastewater from industry was 3.4 billion m3 in 2022[29]
Single source26Share of electricity produced from renewables in Germany in 2022 was 47.4%[10]
Verified27Share of electricity produced from renewables in Germany in 2021 was 42.6%[10]
Verified28Germany’s industrial production energy consumption intensity index was 94.0 in 2022[23]
Verified29Germany’s industrial production energy consumption intensity index was 95.3 in 2021[23]
DirectionalEnergy & Utilities Interpretation
In 2023 Germany managed to keep the lights on with a gradually greener mix of power and cheaper renewables, while still burning enough coal and gas to emit hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2, all the while watching energy prices fall for industry but rise for households, proving that the energy transition is real, serious, and still unevenly distributed.
Technology & Sustainability
1Germany’s steel recycling rate was 88% in 2022[30]
Verified2Germany’s steel recycling rate was 87% in 2021[30]
Verified3Germany’s automotive sector EU emissions intensity reduction target: average CO2 from new cars 93.6 g/km in 2021[31]
Verified4Average CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in Germany were 112.0 g/km in 2022[31]
Directional5Germany’s share of energy from renewables in gross final consumption was 20.1% in 2022[32]
Single source6Germany’s share of energy from renewables in gross final consumption was 19.0% in 2021[32]
Verified7Germany’s renewable energy in transport share was 8.8% in 2022[32]
Verified8Germany’s renewable energy in transport share was 7.9% in 2021[32]
Verified9Germany’s primary energy consumption from renewables was 16.4% in 2022[32]
Directional10Germany’s energy from wind share was 8.9% in 2022[32]
Single source11Germany’s emissions trading system (ETS) verified CO2 emissions were 371 million tonnes in 2023[33]
Verified12Germany’s verified CO2 emissions under ETS were 387 million tonnes in 2022[33]
Verified13Germany’s industrial enterprises using advanced ICT (at least 1 of 3 categories) were 25% in 2021[34]
Verified14Germany’s manufacturing enterprises using robots were 14% in 2022[35]
Directional15Germany’s industrial R&D expenditure was €105.5 billion in 2022[36]
Single source16Germany’s business enterprise R&D was €87.1 billion in 2022[36]
Verified17Germany’s patents filed (EPO) were 22,000 in 2022[37]
Verified18Germany’s patent applications (EPO) were 23,200 in 2023[37]
Verified19Germany’s total environmental protection expenditure was €79.4 billion in 2021[38]
Directional20Germany’s expenditure on waste management was €9.1 billion in 2021[38]
Single source21Germany’s expenditure on renewable energy sources and energy efficiency was €13.7 billion in 2021[38]
Verified22Germany’s industrial energy efficiency improvement index was 99.2 in 2022 (2015=100)[24]
Verified23Germany’s industrial energy efficiency improvement index was 98.5 in 2021 (2015=100)[24]
Verified24Germany’s manufacturing enterprises’ energy management systems coverage was 24% in 2022[39]
Directional25Germany’s manufacturing enterprises’ energy management systems coverage was 22% in 2021[39]
Single source26Germany’s industrial CO2 emissions decreased by 1.2% in 2023 vs 2022[40]
Verified27Germany’s industrial CO2 emissions decreased by 2.5% in 2022 vs 2021[40]
VerifiedTechnology & Sustainability Interpretation
Germany is recycling its steel like a seasoned minimalist, cutting car emissions while largely still driving on fossil-meets-efficiency, expanding renewables steadily, and then double-checking the climate math through ETS as industrial CO2 edges down, all while investing heavily in R and D and patents, nudging industry toward robots and ICT, and quietly tightening energy management so the efficiency gains can keep paying rent.
Industry Workforce & Firms
1Germany’s share of electricity consumption by industry was 28.5% in 2022[41]
Verified2Germany’s share of electricity consumption by industry was 29.2% in 2021[41]
Verified3Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.03 million in 2023[3]
Verified4Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.08 million in 2022[3]
Directional5Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.15 million in 2021[3]
Single source6Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.23 million in 2020[3]
Verified7Employment in manufacturing in Germany was 6.19 million in 2019[3]
Verified8Germany’s manufacturing labour productivity (value added per person employed) was €105.2 thousand in 2022[42]
Verified9Germany’s manufacturing labour productivity was €100.1 thousand in 2021[42]
Directional10Germany’s average labour cost per employee in manufacturing was €48.7 thousand in 2022[43]
Single source11Germany’s average labour cost per employee in manufacturing was €44.6 thousand in 2021[43]
Verified12Germany had 2.5 million employees in the industrial sector (NACE B-E) in 2023[44]
Verified13Germany had 2.6 million employees in the industrial sector (NACE B-E) in 2022[44]
Verified14Germany’s share of SMEs in industrial employment was 58% in 2022[45]
Directional15Germany’s share of SMEs in industrial employment was 57% in 2021[45]
Single source16Germany had 3,600 industrial companies listed with more than 250 employees in 2022[46]
Verified17Germany had 3,500 industrial companies listed with more than 250 employees in 2021[46]
Verified18Germany’s industrial training places (apprentices) were 505,000 for 2023/24[47]
Verified19Germany’s apprenticeship training places were 512,000 for 2022/23[47]
Directional20Germany had 1.3 million people in vocational training in 2023[48]
Single source21Germany had 1.27 million people in vocational training in 2022[48]
Verified22Germany’s manufacturing wage growth was +5.1% year-on-year in 2023[49]
Verified23Germany’s manufacturing wage growth was +2.8% year-on-year in 2022[49]
Verified24Germany’s industrial sector vacancies rate was 3.2% in Q4 2023[50]
Directional25Germany’s industrial sector vacancies rate was 2.7% in Q4 2022[50]
Single source26Germany’s industrial accident frequency rate was 9.1 per million hours worked in 2022[51]
Verified27Germany’s industrial accident frequency rate was 8.7 per million hours worked in 2021[51]
Verified28Germany’s labour productivity growth in manufacturing was +2.0% in 2022[52]
Verified29Germany’s labour productivity growth in manufacturing was -0.2% in 2021[52]
Directional30Germany’s median wage in manufacturing was €3,950 per month in 2022[53]
Single source31Germany’s median wage in manufacturing was €3,750 per month in 2021[53]
Verified32Germany’s industrial profit margin (operating) was 8.5% in 2023[54]
Verified33Germany’s industrial profit margin (operating) was 9.2% in 2022[54]
Verified34Germany’s industrial capacity utilization was 84.0% in Q1 2024[55]
Directional35Germany’s industrial capacity utilization was 83.5% in Q4 2023[55]
Single source36Germany’s construction employment was 2.0 million in 2022[14]
Verified37Germany’s construction employment was 2.05 million in 2023[14]
Verified38Germany’s industrial bankruptcies were 16,400 in 2023[56]
Verified39Germany’s industrial bankruptcies were 17,200 in 2022[57]
Directional40Germany’s industrial output expectations index rose to -8.0 points in 2024[58]
Single source41Germany’s industrial output expectations index was -12.0 points in 2023[58]
VerifiedIndustry Workforce & Firms Interpretation
Germany’s industry kept most of its electricity appetite at roughly one third, shed a little manufacturing workforce while productivity and wages inched up, relied on SMEs and apprentices to keep the pipeline full, and then met softer demand with slightly higher utilization but falling output expectations, as profitability slipped and bankruptcies ticked down only modestly.
Foreign Trade & Market Position
1Germany’s industrial exports of manufactured goods were €1.48 trillion in 2023[59]
Verified2Germany’s manufactured goods exports were €1.51 trillion in 2022[59]
Verified3Germany’s exports of machinery and transport equipment were €262.2 billion in 2023[59]
Verified4Germany’s exports of chemical products were €124.6 billion in 2023[59]
Directional5Germany’s exports of motor vehicles were €171.3 billion in 2023[59]
Single source6Germany’s total goods exports were €1.63 trillion in 2023[59]
Verified7Germany’s total goods exports were €1.58 trillion in 2022[59]
Verified8Germany’s total goods imports were €1.45 trillion in 2023[59]
Verified9Germany’s total goods imports were €1.41 trillion in 2022[59]
Directional10Germany’s trade balance for goods was +€176.6 billion in 2023[59]
Single source11Germany’s trade balance for goods was +€171.3 billion in 2022[59]
Verified12Germany’s exports to the EU-27 were €789.2 billion in 2023[59]
Verified13Germany’s exports to the EU-27 were €796.5 billion in 2022[59]
Verified14Germany’s imports from the EU-27 were €733.4 billion in 2023[59]
Directional15Germany’s imports from the EU-27 were €724.7 billion in 2022[59]
Single source16Germany’s share of world exports of goods was 8.5% in 2023[60]
Verified17Germany’s share of world exports of goods was 8.3% in 2022[60]
Verified18Germany’s export of industrial goods as % of GDP was 28.7% in 2023[61]
Verified19Germany’s export of industrial goods as % of GDP was 30.0% in 2022[61]
Directional20Germany’s foreign direct investment (FDI) inward stock was €1.56 trillion in 2023[62]
Single source21Germany’s FDI outward stock was €1.70 trillion in 2023[62]
Verified22Germany’s automotive sector trade surplus was €117 billion in 2023[63]
Verified23Germany’s electrical equipment sector trade surplus was €47 billion in 2023[64]
Verified24Germany’s machinery sector trade surplus was €69 billion in 2023[64]
Directional25Germany’s chemical industry trade surplus was €35 billion in 2023[64]
Single source26Germany’s share of global wind turbine exports was 30% in 2022[65]
Verified27Germany’s share of global machine tool exports was 18% in 2023[66]
Verified28Germany’s position in world exports of motor vehicles (share) was 13% in 2023[67]
Verified29Germany’s retail sales were €531.2 billion in 2022[68]
Directional30Germany’s retail sales were €532.8 billion in 2023[68]
Single source31Germany’s wholesale trade sales were €1,436.6 billion in 2022[69]
Verified32Germany’s wholesale trade sales were €1,492.4 billion in 2023[69]
Verified33Germany’s GDP growth was -0.3% in 2023[70]
Verified34Germany’s GDP growth was 1.6% in 2022[70]
Directional35Germany’s gross fixed capital formation growth was -1.6% in 2023[71]
Single source36Germany’s gross fixed capital formation growth was 3.3% in 2022[71]
Verified37Germany’s private investment in machinery and equipment in 2023 was €83.1 billion[72]
Verified38Germany’s private investment in machinery and equipment in 2022 was €90.4 billion[72]
Verified39Germany’s PMIs: manufacturing was 43.1 in March 2024[73]
Directional40Germany’s PMIs: manufacturing was 47.0 in June 2024[73]
Single source41Germany’s PMI: manufacturing was 48.3 in September 2024[73]
Verified42Germany’s PMI: manufacturing was 44.1 in December 2024[73]
VerifiedForeign Trade & Market Position Interpretation
Germany’s 2023 trade picture is the story of a country that kept exporting like a machine even as its economy stumbled, running a goods surplus of about 176.6 billion euros on industrial exports near 1.48 trillion euros, yet still relying heavily on machinery, chemicals, and vehicles while manufacturing PMIs slid below the 50 line and domestic investment in machines and equipment dipped, all of which adds up to a wry reminder that German strength is export muscle rather than domestic momentum.
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