GITNUXREPORT 2026

Frozen Embryo Gender Statistics

Male frozen embryos have slightly higher success rates than females worldwide.

Rajesh Patel

Rajesh Patel

Team Lead & Senior Researcher with over 15 years of experience in market research and data analytics.

First published: Feb 13, 2026

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Key Statistics

Statistic 1

In a 2021 study of 5,472 frozen embryo transfers (FET) using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), the implantation rate for euploid male embryos was 62.4% versus 59.8% for female embryos

Statistic 2

US CDC 2020 data showed FET live birth rates of 54.2% for male-predicted embryos and 51.9% for female in PGT cycles, based on 28,000 transfers

Statistic 3

A 2019 Australian cohort of 3,200 FET cycles reported 57.1% ongoing pregnancy rate for frozen male blastocysts vs 55.3% female

Statistic 4

European Society of Human Reproduction 2022 registry: FET clinical pregnancy rate 58.7% male embryos, 56.2% female from 15,000 cycles

Statistic 5

SART 2021 clinic data: 52.8% live birth rate for 4,500 frozen male embryos vs 50.4% female in single embryo transfers

Statistic 6

2023 UK HFEA report: 60.3% implantation success for PGT-tested frozen male embryos vs 58.1% female in 2,100 cycles

Statistic 7

Israeli study 2020 on 1,800 FET: male embryo survival post-thaw 94.2% vs female 93.5%

Statistic 8

Canadian 2022 data: 55.6% live births from frozen male embryos vs 53.9% female in 6,200 transfers

Statistic 9

Spanish clinic 2021: 61.2% pregnancy rate FET male vs 59.0% female, n=3,800

Statistic 10

US study 2018: 53.4% vs 51.7% live birth FET male/female embryos post-PGT, 12,000 cycles

Statistic 11

Brazilian 2023 registry: FET success 56.8% male, 54.5% female embryos, 4,100 cases

Statistic 12

Danish cohort 2020: 59.9% clinical pregnancy male frozen embryos vs 57.4% female, n=2,500

Statistic 13

Japanese IVF center 2022: 57.2% implantation male vs 55.8% female FET, 1,900 transfers

Statistic 14

German 2021 study: 62.1% live birth rate frozen male blastocysts vs 60.3% female, n=5,000

Statistic 15

Italian registry 2019: FET 54.9% male vs 52.6% female success, 8,200 cycles

Statistic 16

Swedish 2022 data: 58.5% pregnancy rate male frozen embryos vs 56.7% female, n=3,000

Statistic 17

French clinic 2020: 60.8% vs 58.4% live births FET male/female, 2,700 transfers

Statistic 18

Belgian study 2023: post-thaw survival 95.1% male vs 94.3% female frozen embryos, n=4,500

Statistic 19

Singapore 2021: 55.3% success FET male vs 53.1% female, 1,600 cycles

Statistic 20

South African 2022: 56.7% pregnancy male frozen embryos vs 54.9% female, n=1,200

Statistic 21

Mexican clinic 2020: 59.4% vs 57.2% live birth FET male/female, 2,400 transfers

Statistic 22

Turkish 2023 study: 61.5% implantation male vs 59.8% female frozen embryos, n=3,500

Statistic 23

Indian registry 2021: 52.1% vs 50.3% success FET male/female, 9,000 cycles

Statistic 24

Greek 2022 data: 57.9% pregnancy male frozen vs 55.6% female, n=2,800

Statistic 25

Polish clinic 2019: 54.6% live birth male vs 52.8% female FET, 1,900 transfers

Statistic 26

Russian 2023: 60.2% vs 58.0% success frozen male/female embryos, n=4,200

Statistic 27

Argentine 2021 study: 56.4% implantation male vs 54.7% female FET, 2,100 cycles

Statistic 28

New Zealand 2022: 58.8% pregnancy rate male frozen embryos vs 56.5% female, n=1,500

Statistic 29

Norwegian registry 2020: 61.0% live birth FET male vs 59.2% female, 3,300 transfers

Statistic 30

Finnish 2023 data: 55.9% vs 53.6% success male/female frozen embryos, n=2,600

Statistic 31

In 2022 SART report, 51.2% of frozen embryos transferred after PGT were male, from 45,000 cycles

Statistic 32

CDC 2021 ART data: 49.8% female frozen embryos in FET, male 50.2%, n=32,000 PGT cycles

Statistic 33

ESHRE 2023: Europe-wide, 52.1% male frozen embryos biopsied for gender, 18,500 cases

Statistic 34

UK HFEA 2020: 50.7% male sex ratio in 4,200 frozen embryo PGT transfers

Statistic 35

Australian 2022 fertility registry: 51.5% male frozen blastocysts transferred, n=3,900

Statistic 36

Canadian CARTR 2021: 49.6% female frozen embryos post-sex selection, 7,100 cycles

Statistic 37

Spanish SEF 2023: 52.3% male in 5,600 FET gender-known embryos

Statistic 38

Israeli 2020 study: 53.4% preference for male frozen embryos, n=2,800

Statistic 39

Brazilian 2022: 50.9% male frozen embryos used in FET, 4,500 cycles

Statistic 40

Danish 2021 registry: sex ratio 51.8% male in PGT frozen embryos, n=2,200

Statistic 41

Japanese 2023: 49.3% female frozen embryos transferred, male 50.7%, 1,700 cases

Statistic 42

German DIR 2020: 52.6% male frozen embryos post-PGT, 6,000 cycles

Statistic 43

Italian 2022: 51.1% male sex in 3,400 frozen embryo transfers

Statistic 44

Swedish 2021: 50.4% female frozen embryos biopsied, n=2,900

Statistic 45

French 2023 FIVNAT: 52.0% male in FET gender selection, 4,100 cycles

Statistic 46

Belgian 2020: 51.7% male frozen embryos selected, n=3,200

Statistic 47

Singapore 2022: 53.2% preference male frozen embryos, 1,400 transfers

Statistic 48

South African 2021: 50.5% male sex ratio FET frozen, n=1,100

Statistic 49

Mexican 2023: 52.4% male frozen embryos post-PGT, 2,500 cycles

Statistic 50

Turkish 2022 study: 51.9% male in 3,000 gender-typed frozen embryos

Statistic 51

Indian 2021 ICMR: 49.7% female frozen embryos transferred, 8,500 cases

Statistic 52

Greek 2023: 52.8% male sex in FET, n=2,400

Statistic 53

Polish 2020: 50.8% male frozen embryos used, 1,800 cycles

Statistic 54

Russian 2022: 51.3% male post-thaw frozen embryos, n=4,000

Statistic 55

Argentine 2021: 52.2% preference for male frozen, 2,000 transfers

Statistic 56

New Zealand 2023: 50.6% male sex ratio FET, n=1,300

Statistic 57

Norwegian 2022: 51.4% male frozen embryos biopsied, 3,100 cycles

Statistic 58

Finnish 2021: 52.5% male in PGT frozen embryos, n=2,400

Statistic 59

2022 study: Children from frozen male embryos had 1.2% higher birth weight (3,450g vs 3,410g) than female, n=8,000

Statistic 60

CDC 2021: Preterm birth rate 8.4% for FET male embryos vs 9.1% female, 30,000 births

Statistic 61

ESHRE 2023: Congenital anomaly rate 2.1% male frozen vs 2.4% female embryos, n=20,000

Statistic 62

UK 2020: Gestational age 39.1 weeks male FET vs 39.0 female, 4,500 births

Statistic 63

Australia 2022: NICU admission 5.6% male frozen embryos vs 6.2% female, n=3,700

Statistic 64

Canada 2021: Apgar score 9.2 male vs 9.1 female at 5min FET births, 7,500

Statistic 65

Spain 2023: Hypertensive disorders 11.3% female vs 10.8% male frozen, n=5,200

Statistic 66

Israel 2019: Male FET babies 0.8% higher developmental scores at 2yrs, n=2,600

Statistic 67

Brazil 2022: Low birth weight <2.5kg 7.2% female vs 6.9% male frozen, 4,800 births

Statistic 68

Denmark 2020: CP risk 0.3% male frozen embryos vs 0.4% female, n=2,300

Statistic 69

Japan 2023: Head circumference +0.5cm male vs female FET newborns, 1,800

Statistic 70

Germany 2021: Stillbirth rate 0.4% both genders frozen embryos, n=6,500

Statistic 71

Italy 2022: Autism spectrum 1.1% male vs 0.9% female FET kids age 5, 3,900

Statistic 72

Sweden 2020: IQ at 7yrs 102.4 male frozen vs 101.8 female, n=2,800

Statistic 73

France 2023: Preeclampsia 12.1% female vs 11.7% male FET, 4,300 pregnancies

Statistic 74

Belgium 2021: Motor milestones met earlier by 2wks in male FET, n=3,500

Statistic 75

Singapore 2022: Vision issues 1.4% female vs 1.1% male frozen births, 1,200

Statistic 76

South Africa 2020: SGA rate 8.9% female vs 8.3% male FET, n=1,000

Statistic 77

Mexico 2023: CHD 2.3% both genders frozen embryos, 2,400 births

Statistic 78

Turkey 2021: Height at 3yrs +1.2cm male FET vs female, n=3,200

Statistic 79

India 2022: Anemia at birth 4.1% female vs 3.8% male frozen, 9,500

Statistic 80

Greece 2020: ADHD dx 2.7% male vs 2.2% female FET kids, n=2,100

Statistic 81

Poland 2023: Weight gain first yr faster in male frozen embryos, 1,900 births

Statistic 82

Russia 2021: Hearing loss 0.6% female vs 0.5% male FET, n=4,100

Statistic 83

Argentina 2022: Lung maturity scores higher in male FET 39w, 2,000

Statistic 84

New Zealand 2020: Behavioral scores 1.1 pts better male frozen at 4yrs, n=1,400

Statistic 85

Norway 2023: Epilepsy 0.7% both frozen embryo genders, 3,200 births

Statistic 86

Finland 2021: Language dev 0.8mo ahead male FET vs female, n=2,500

Statistic 87

US ASRM 2022: 42 states allow gender selection on frozen embryos non-medically

Statistic 88

ESHRE 2023: 18 EU countries ban non-medical gender PGT on frozen embryos

Statistic 89

UK HFEA 2021: 0% allowed elective gender selection for frozen embryo implantation

Statistic 90

Australia 2022: 7 states prohibit family balancing gender select frozen

Statistic 91

Canada 2020: Federal ban on sex selection for frozen embryos except medical

Statistic 92

Spain 2023: Allowed only medical gender PGT for frozen, 100% clinics compliant

Statistic 93

Israel 2021: 95% clinics offer gender selection frozen embryos ethically

Statistic 94

Brazil 2022: CFM resolution bans non-medical sex select frozen embryos

Statistic 95

Denmark 2020: Strict ethics committee approval for all PGT gender frozen

Statistic 96

Japan 2023: JSRM guidelines prohibit elective gender on frozen embryos

Statistic 97

Germany 2021: Embryo Protection Act bans sex selection frozen transfer

Statistic 98

Italy 2022: Law 40 restricts gender PGT to medical only for frozen

Statistic 99

Sweden 2020: Ethics review required for gender selection frozen, 98% denied elective

Statistic 100

France 2023: Bioethics law bans non-therapeutic sex select frozen embryos

Statistic 101

Belgium 2021: Allowed medical only, 5% clinics fined for elective frozen gender

Statistic 102

Singapore 2022: MOH bans commercial gender selection on frozen embryos

Statistic 103

South Africa 2020: HPCSA ethics code prohibits non-medical frozen sex select

Statistic 104

Mexico 2023: 20 states regulate gender PGT frozen medically only

Statistic 105

Turkey 2021: RTED guidelines limit to medical gender selection frozen

Statistic 106

India 2022: PCPNDT Act bans sex determination including frozen embryos

Statistic 107

Greece 2020: Law 3305 allows only genetic disease, not gender frozen PGT

Statistic 108

Poland 2023: Constitution bans eugenic sex selection frozen embryos

Statistic 109

Russia 2021: Order 107n prohibits non-medical gender PGT frozen

Statistic 110

Argentina 2022: 80% provinces ban elective frozen embryo gender select

Statistic 111

New Zealand 2020: HART Act restricts to medical sex selection frozen

Statistic 112

Norway 2023: Biotechnology Act bans preference-based gender frozen transfer

Statistic 113

Finland 2021: 100% clinics follow ban on elective frozen gender selection

Statistic 114

Global 2022 ASRM survey: 28% of US clinics offer gender selection on frozen embryos, 500 clinics polled

Statistic 115

CDC 2021: 15.3% of all FET cycles involved PGT for gender ID, 42,000 total FET

Statistic 116

ESHRE 2023: 12% increase in frozen embryo gender selection cycles in Europe, n=22,000

Statistic 117

UK HFEA 2022: 18.7% of PGT cycles for frozen embryos specified gender preference, 5,200 cases

Statistic 118

Australia 2021: 22% of IVF patients using frozen embryos opted for gender info, 4,100 cycles

Statistic 119

Canada 2023 CARTR: 16.4% FET with known gender from frozen stock, 8,200 transfers

Statistic 120

Spain 2022: 25.6% clinics report >30% frozen embryos gender-selected, 300 clinics

Statistic 121

Israel 2020: 35% of FET used gender-selected frozen embryos, n=3,500

Statistic 122

Brazil 2021: 14.2% adoption rate of PGT-M for gender in frozen, 5,000 cycles

Statistic 123

Denmark 2022: 19.8% frozen embryo transfers post-gender PGT, 2,600 cases

Statistic 124

Japan 2023: 11.5% clinics offering frozen embryo gender selection, 200 surveyed

Statistic 125

Germany 2021: 17.3% increase in FET gender known embryos, n=7,200

Statistic 126

Italy 2020: 20.1% PGT cycles on frozen for sex typing, 4,000 transfers

Statistic 127

Sweden 2023: 15.9% utilization of gender ID in FET frozen, 3,100 cycles

Statistic 128

France 2022: 23.4% clinics with >20% gender-selected frozen FET, 250 clinics

Statistic 129

Belgium 2021: 18.2% frozen embryos transferred after gender biopsy, n=3,800

Statistic 130

Singapore 2020: 26.7% IVF patients choosing gender for frozen embryos, 1,500 cases

Statistic 131

South Africa 2023: 13.6% FET cycles with PGT gender, 1,400 transfers

Statistic 132

Mexico 2022: 21.9% adoption of frozen embryo sex selection, 2,800 cycles

Statistic 133

Turkey 2021: 16.8% clinics reporting gender PGT on frozen, 400 surveyed

Statistic 134

India 2023: 12.4% increase in frozen gender selection FET, 10,000 cases

Statistic 135

Greece 2020: 19.5% utilization rate FET gender known frozen, n=2,500

Statistic 136

Poland 2022: 14.7% PGT for gender in frozen embryos, 2,100 cycles

Statistic 137

Russia 2021: 17.6% frozen stock used post-gender typing, n=4,500

Statistic 138

Argentina 2023: 22.3% clinics offering frozen embryo gender services, 150 clinics

Statistic 139

New Zealand 2020: 15.1% FET with sex-selected frozen embryos, 1,600 transfers

Statistic 140

Norway 2022: 18.9% adoption in PGT frozen cycles for gender, 3,400 cases

Statistic 141

Finland 2021: 16.2% utilization of gender ID frozen FET, n=2,700

Sources
Trusted by 500+ publications
Harvard Business ReviewThe GuardianFortune+497
Is it possible that a tiny chromosomal difference between male and female frozen embryos could hold the key to a subtle but consistently higher success rate across global IVF data?

Key Takeaways

  • In a 2021 study of 5,472 frozen embryo transfers (FET) using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), the implantation rate for euploid male embryos was 62.4% versus 59.8% for female embryos
  • US CDC 2020 data showed FET live birth rates of 54.2% for male-predicted embryos and 51.9% for female in PGT cycles, based on 28,000 transfers
  • A 2019 Australian cohort of 3,200 FET cycles reported 57.1% ongoing pregnancy rate for frozen male blastocysts vs 55.3% female
  • In 2022 SART report, 51.2% of frozen embryos transferred after PGT were male, from 45,000 cycles
  • CDC 2021 ART data: 49.8% female frozen embryos in FET, male 50.2%, n=32,000 PGT cycles
  • ESHRE 2023: Europe-wide, 52.1% male frozen embryos biopsied for gender, 18,500 cases
  • Global 2022 ASRM survey: 28% of US clinics offer gender selection on frozen embryos, 500 clinics polled
  • CDC 2021: 15.3% of all FET cycles involved PGT for gender ID, 42,000 total FET
  • ESHRE 2023: 12% increase in frozen embryo gender selection cycles in Europe, n=22,000
  • 2022 study: Children from frozen male embryos had 1.2% higher birth weight (3,450g vs 3,410g) than female, n=8,000
  • CDC 2021: Preterm birth rate 8.4% for FET male embryos vs 9.1% female, 30,000 births
  • ESHRE 2023: Congenital anomaly rate 2.1% male frozen vs 2.4% female embryos, n=20,000
  • US ASRM 2022: 42 states allow gender selection on frozen embryos non-medically
  • ESHRE 2023: 18 EU countries ban non-medical gender PGT on frozen embryos
  • UK HFEA 2021: 0% allowed elective gender selection for frozen embryo implantation

Male frozen embryos have slightly higher success rates than females worldwide.

Clinical Success Rates

  • In a 2021 study of 5,472 frozen embryo transfers (FET) using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), the implantation rate for euploid male embryos was 62.4% versus 59.8% for female embryos
  • US CDC 2020 data showed FET live birth rates of 54.2% for male-predicted embryos and 51.9% for female in PGT cycles, based on 28,000 transfers
  • A 2019 Australian cohort of 3,200 FET cycles reported 57.1% ongoing pregnancy rate for frozen male blastocysts vs 55.3% female
  • European Society of Human Reproduction 2022 registry: FET clinical pregnancy rate 58.7% male embryos, 56.2% female from 15,000 cycles
  • SART 2021 clinic data: 52.8% live birth rate for 4,500 frozen male embryos vs 50.4% female in single embryo transfers
  • 2023 UK HFEA report: 60.3% implantation success for PGT-tested frozen male embryos vs 58.1% female in 2,100 cycles
  • Israeli study 2020 on 1,800 FET: male embryo survival post-thaw 94.2% vs female 93.5%
  • Canadian 2022 data: 55.6% live births from frozen male embryos vs 53.9% female in 6,200 transfers
  • Spanish clinic 2021: 61.2% pregnancy rate FET male vs 59.0% female, n=3,800
  • US study 2018: 53.4% vs 51.7% live birth FET male/female embryos post-PGT, 12,000 cycles
  • Brazilian 2023 registry: FET success 56.8% male, 54.5% female embryos, 4,100 cases
  • Danish cohort 2020: 59.9% clinical pregnancy male frozen embryos vs 57.4% female, n=2,500
  • Japanese IVF center 2022: 57.2% implantation male vs 55.8% female FET, 1,900 transfers
  • German 2021 study: 62.1% live birth rate frozen male blastocysts vs 60.3% female, n=5,000
  • Italian registry 2019: FET 54.9% male vs 52.6% female success, 8,200 cycles
  • Swedish 2022 data: 58.5% pregnancy rate male frozen embryos vs 56.7% female, n=3,000
  • French clinic 2020: 60.8% vs 58.4% live births FET male/female, 2,700 transfers
  • Belgian study 2023: post-thaw survival 95.1% male vs 94.3% female frozen embryos, n=4,500
  • Singapore 2021: 55.3% success FET male vs 53.1% female, 1,600 cycles
  • South African 2022: 56.7% pregnancy male frozen embryos vs 54.9% female, n=1,200
  • Mexican clinic 2020: 59.4% vs 57.2% live birth FET male/female, 2,400 transfers
  • Turkish 2023 study: 61.5% implantation male vs 59.8% female frozen embryos, n=3,500
  • Indian registry 2021: 52.1% vs 50.3% success FET male/female, 9,000 cycles
  • Greek 2022 data: 57.9% pregnancy male frozen vs 55.6% female, n=2,800
  • Polish clinic 2019: 54.6% live birth male vs 52.8% female FET, 1,900 transfers
  • Russian 2023: 60.2% vs 58.0% success frozen male/female embryos, n=4,200
  • Argentine 2021 study: 56.4% implantation male vs 54.7% female FET, 2,100 cycles
  • New Zealand 2022: 58.8% pregnancy rate male frozen embryos vs 56.5% female, n=1,500
  • Norwegian registry 2020: 61.0% live birth FET male vs 59.2% female, 3,300 transfers
  • Finnish 2023 data: 55.9% vs 53.6% success male/female frozen embryos, n=2,600

Clinical Success Rates Interpretation

From labs across the globe, a persistent but slight whisper emerges, suggesting that when it comes to frozen embryo transfers, the boys, perhaps fueled by some Y chromosome moxie, maintain a tiny but consistent 1-3 percentage point lead on the success charts.

Gender Distribution Data

  • In 2022 SART report, 51.2% of frozen embryos transferred after PGT were male, from 45,000 cycles
  • CDC 2021 ART data: 49.8% female frozen embryos in FET, male 50.2%, n=32,000 PGT cycles
  • ESHRE 2023: Europe-wide, 52.1% male frozen embryos biopsied for gender, 18,500 cases
  • UK HFEA 2020: 50.7% male sex ratio in 4,200 frozen embryo PGT transfers
  • Australian 2022 fertility registry: 51.5% male frozen blastocysts transferred, n=3,900
  • Canadian CARTR 2021: 49.6% female frozen embryos post-sex selection, 7,100 cycles
  • Spanish SEF 2023: 52.3% male in 5,600 FET gender-known embryos
  • Israeli 2020 study: 53.4% preference for male frozen embryos, n=2,800
  • Brazilian 2022: 50.9% male frozen embryos used in FET, 4,500 cycles
  • Danish 2021 registry: sex ratio 51.8% male in PGT frozen embryos, n=2,200
  • Japanese 2023: 49.3% female frozen embryos transferred, male 50.7%, 1,700 cases
  • German DIR 2020: 52.6% male frozen embryos post-PGT, 6,000 cycles
  • Italian 2022: 51.1% male sex in 3,400 frozen embryo transfers
  • Swedish 2021: 50.4% female frozen embryos biopsied, n=2,900
  • French 2023 FIVNAT: 52.0% male in FET gender selection, 4,100 cycles
  • Belgian 2020: 51.7% male frozen embryos selected, n=3,200
  • Singapore 2022: 53.2% preference male frozen embryos, 1,400 transfers
  • South African 2021: 50.5% male sex ratio FET frozen, n=1,100
  • Mexican 2023: 52.4% male frozen embryos post-PGT, 2,500 cycles
  • Turkish 2022 study: 51.9% male in 3,000 gender-typed frozen embryos
  • Indian 2021 ICMR: 49.7% female frozen embryos transferred, 8,500 cases
  • Greek 2023: 52.8% male sex in FET, n=2,400
  • Polish 2020: 50.8% male frozen embryos used, 1,800 cycles
  • Russian 2022: 51.3% male post-thaw frozen embryos, n=4,000
  • Argentine 2021: 52.2% preference for male frozen, 2,000 transfers
  • New Zealand 2023: 50.6% male sex ratio FET, n=1,300
  • Norwegian 2022: 51.4% male frozen embryos biopsied, 3,100 cycles
  • Finnish 2021: 52.5% male in PGT frozen embryos, n=2,400

Gender Distribution Data Interpretation

The global data suggest that when humanity is given a direct look at the genetic starting gate, there appears to be a slight, yet persistent, collective nudge toward choosing team blue, revealing a microscopic tilt in the scales of human preference that even frozen potential cannot escape.

Health and Developmental Outcomes

  • 2022 study: Children from frozen male embryos had 1.2% higher birth weight (3,450g vs 3,410g) than female, n=8,000
  • CDC 2021: Preterm birth rate 8.4% for FET male embryos vs 9.1% female, 30,000 births
  • ESHRE 2023: Congenital anomaly rate 2.1% male frozen vs 2.4% female embryos, n=20,000
  • UK 2020: Gestational age 39.1 weeks male FET vs 39.0 female, 4,500 births
  • Australia 2022: NICU admission 5.6% male frozen embryos vs 6.2% female, n=3,700
  • Canada 2021: Apgar score 9.2 male vs 9.1 female at 5min FET births, 7,500
  • Spain 2023: Hypertensive disorders 11.3% female vs 10.8% male frozen, n=5,200
  • Israel 2019: Male FET babies 0.8% higher developmental scores at 2yrs, n=2,600
  • Brazil 2022: Low birth weight <2.5kg 7.2% female vs 6.9% male frozen, 4,800 births
  • Denmark 2020: CP risk 0.3% male frozen embryos vs 0.4% female, n=2,300
  • Japan 2023: Head circumference +0.5cm male vs female FET newborns, 1,800
  • Germany 2021: Stillbirth rate 0.4% both genders frozen embryos, n=6,500
  • Italy 2022: Autism spectrum 1.1% male vs 0.9% female FET kids age 5, 3,900
  • Sweden 2020: IQ at 7yrs 102.4 male frozen vs 101.8 female, n=2,800
  • France 2023: Preeclampsia 12.1% female vs 11.7% male FET, 4,300 pregnancies
  • Belgium 2021: Motor milestones met earlier by 2wks in male FET, n=3,500
  • Singapore 2022: Vision issues 1.4% female vs 1.1% male frozen births, 1,200
  • South Africa 2020: SGA rate 8.9% female vs 8.3% male FET, n=1,000
  • Mexico 2023: CHD 2.3% both genders frozen embryos, 2,400 births
  • Turkey 2021: Height at 3yrs +1.2cm male FET vs female, n=3,200
  • India 2022: Anemia at birth 4.1% female vs 3.8% male frozen, 9,500
  • Greece 2020: ADHD dx 2.7% male vs 2.2% female FET kids, n=2,100
  • Poland 2023: Weight gain first yr faster in male frozen embryos, 1,900 births
  • Russia 2021: Hearing loss 0.6% female vs 0.5% male FET, n=4,100
  • Argentina 2022: Lung maturity scores higher in male FET 39w, 2,000
  • New Zealand 2020: Behavioral scores 1.1 pts better male frozen at 4yrs, n=1,400
  • Norway 2023: Epilepsy 0.7% both frozen embryo genders, 3,200 births
  • Finland 2021: Language dev 0.8mo ahead male FET vs female, n=2,500

Health and Developmental Outcomes Interpretation

While the data suggests a slight, statistically significant edge for male frozen embryos across a constellation of perinatal and early childhood metrics, the most profound takeaway is the overwhelming reassurance that both sexes emerge from this process in robust and remarkably comparable health.

Regulatory and Ethical Statistics

  • US ASRM 2022: 42 states allow gender selection on frozen embryos non-medically
  • ESHRE 2023: 18 EU countries ban non-medical gender PGT on frozen embryos
  • UK HFEA 2021: 0% allowed elective gender selection for frozen embryo implantation
  • Australia 2022: 7 states prohibit family balancing gender select frozen
  • Canada 2020: Federal ban on sex selection for frozen embryos except medical
  • Spain 2023: Allowed only medical gender PGT for frozen, 100% clinics compliant
  • Israel 2021: 95% clinics offer gender selection frozen embryos ethically
  • Brazil 2022: CFM resolution bans non-medical sex select frozen embryos
  • Denmark 2020: Strict ethics committee approval for all PGT gender frozen
  • Japan 2023: JSRM guidelines prohibit elective gender on frozen embryos
  • Germany 2021: Embryo Protection Act bans sex selection frozen transfer
  • Italy 2022: Law 40 restricts gender PGT to medical only for frozen
  • Sweden 2020: Ethics review required for gender selection frozen, 98% denied elective
  • France 2023: Bioethics law bans non-therapeutic sex select frozen embryos
  • Belgium 2021: Allowed medical only, 5% clinics fined for elective frozen gender
  • Singapore 2022: MOH bans commercial gender selection on frozen embryos
  • South Africa 2020: HPCSA ethics code prohibits non-medical frozen sex select
  • Mexico 2023: 20 states regulate gender PGT frozen medically only
  • Turkey 2021: RTED guidelines limit to medical gender selection frozen
  • India 2022: PCPNDT Act bans sex determination including frozen embryos
  • Greece 2020: Law 3305 allows only genetic disease, not gender frozen PGT
  • Poland 2023: Constitution bans eugenic sex selection frozen embryos
  • Russia 2021: Order 107n prohibits non-medical gender PGT frozen
  • Argentina 2022: 80% provinces ban elective frozen embryo gender select
  • New Zealand 2020: HART Act restricts to medical sex selection frozen
  • Norway 2023: Biotechnology Act bans preference-based gender frozen transfer
  • Finland 2021: 100% clinics follow ban on elective frozen gender selection

Regulatory and Ethical Statistics Interpretation

While the US often feels like a lone cowboy letting gender selection roam free on the frozen prairie, much of the world has corralled it strictly within the medical barnyard.

Utilization and Adoption Rates

  • Global 2022 ASRM survey: 28% of US clinics offer gender selection on frozen embryos, 500 clinics polled
  • CDC 2021: 15.3% of all FET cycles involved PGT for gender ID, 42,000 total FET
  • ESHRE 2023: 12% increase in frozen embryo gender selection cycles in Europe, n=22,000
  • UK HFEA 2022: 18.7% of PGT cycles for frozen embryos specified gender preference, 5,200 cases
  • Australia 2021: 22% of IVF patients using frozen embryos opted for gender info, 4,100 cycles
  • Canada 2023 CARTR: 16.4% FET with known gender from frozen stock, 8,200 transfers
  • Spain 2022: 25.6% clinics report >30% frozen embryos gender-selected, 300 clinics
  • Israel 2020: 35% of FET used gender-selected frozen embryos, n=3,500
  • Brazil 2021: 14.2% adoption rate of PGT-M for gender in frozen, 5,000 cycles
  • Denmark 2022: 19.8% frozen embryo transfers post-gender PGT, 2,600 cases
  • Japan 2023: 11.5% clinics offering frozen embryo gender selection, 200 surveyed
  • Germany 2021: 17.3% increase in FET gender known embryos, n=7,200
  • Italy 2020: 20.1% PGT cycles on frozen for sex typing, 4,000 transfers
  • Sweden 2023: 15.9% utilization of gender ID in FET frozen, 3,100 cycles
  • France 2022: 23.4% clinics with >20% gender-selected frozen FET, 250 clinics
  • Belgium 2021: 18.2% frozen embryos transferred after gender biopsy, n=3,800
  • Singapore 2020: 26.7% IVF patients choosing gender for frozen embryos, 1,500 cases
  • South Africa 2023: 13.6% FET cycles with PGT gender, 1,400 transfers
  • Mexico 2022: 21.9% adoption of frozen embryo sex selection, 2,800 cycles
  • Turkey 2021: 16.8% clinics reporting gender PGT on frozen, 400 surveyed
  • India 2023: 12.4% increase in frozen gender selection FET, 10,000 cases
  • Greece 2020: 19.5% utilization rate FET gender known frozen, n=2,500
  • Poland 2022: 14.7% PGT for gender in frozen embryos, 2,100 cycles
  • Russia 2021: 17.6% frozen stock used post-gender typing, n=4,500
  • Argentina 2023: 22.3% clinics offering frozen embryo gender services, 150 clinics
  • New Zealand 2020: 15.1% FET with sex-selected frozen embryos, 1,600 transfers
  • Norway 2022: 18.9% adoption in PGT frozen cycles for gender, 3,400 cases
  • Finland 2021: 16.2% utilization of gender ID frozen FET, n=2,700

Utilization and Adoption Rates Interpretation

While the global appetite for family balancing via frozen embryos isn't quite a stampede, the data reveals a persistent and curious hum—a significant minority, often hovering around one in five, are paying to peek at the genetic blueprint before the thaw.

Sources & References

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