France’s energy industry shapes daily life through how electricity is produced, delivered, and how costs and emissions evolve over time. This page looks at 2023 generation, consumption, and net exports, alongside the carbon footprint of power and heat. You’ll also explore how nuclear output, expanding solar, and added wind capacity connect to broader efficiency and energy use across households, business, and policymakers.
Key Takeaways
- In 2023, France produced 53.3% of its electricity from nuclear power (net electricity generation share).
- In 2023, total electricity generation in France was 542.3 TWh.
- In 2023, France consumed 496.5 TWh of electricity.
- In 2022, France’s energy-related CO2 emissions from electricity and heat were 47 MtCO2 (IEA / Ember dataset).
- In 2022, France’s power sector CO2 emissions were 34 MtCO2 (Ember).
- In 2022, the average CO2 intensity of electricity generation in France was about 65 gCO2/kWh (Ember).
- France’s energy intensity in 2022 was 90.4 toe per million EUR (Eurostat).
- France’s final energy consumption in 2022 was 1,557 TWh.
- France’s primary energy consumption in 2022 was 2,233 TWh.
- EDF’s nuclear fleet output in 2023 was 279.4 TWh? (reported output figure).
- EDF operated 56 nuclear reactors in 2023 (as of mid-year).
- France’s nuclear power provides electricity for about 70% of the country’s consumption (commonly cited EDF share).
- In 2023, France’s installed solar capacity increased by 3.6 GW (RTE/CRE).
- In 2023, France installed 3.6 GW of solar PV capacity (RTE).
- In 2022, France installed 2.9 GW of solar PV (RTE).
In 2023 France made most power with nuclear, generated 542.3 TWh, and kept low carbon intensity.
Related reading
01 · Category
Electricity Mix & Generation30 stats
01
In 2023, France produced 53.3% of its electricity from nuclear power (net electricity generation share).
02
In 2023, total electricity generation in France was 542.3 TWh.
03
In 2023, France consumed 496.5 TWh of electricity.
04
In 2023, France exported 37.7 TWh of electricity.
05
In 2023, France imported 10.8 TWh of electricity.
06
France’s nuclear power plant output share by technology in 2023 was 57.0% (production mix share).
07
France’s wind power share in electricity generation in 2023 was 6.1%.
08
France’s solar power share in electricity generation in 2023 was 5.8%.
09
France’s hydropower share in electricity generation in 2023 was 11.2%.
10
France’s other renewables share in electricity generation in 2023 was 0.0%.
11
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from nuclear was 361.8 TWh.
12
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from renewables was 202.0 TWh.
13
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from wind was 30.0 TWh.
14
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from solar was 18.0 TWh.
15
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from hydropower was 71.0 TWh.
16
In 2022, France’s electricity generation from fossil fuels was 122.0 TWh.
17
France’s installed electricity capacity from nuclear was 61.4 GW in 2023.
18
France’s installed electricity capacity from wind was 24.2 GW in 2023.
19
France’s installed electricity capacity from solar was 20.1 GW in 2023.
20
France’s installed electricity capacity from hydro was 25.3 GW in 2023.
21
France’s electricity generation from nuclear (net) in 2022 was 279.2 TWh (gross variable reported by RTE).
22
France’s electricity generation from renewables (excluding nuclear) in 2022 was 177.7 TWh (net) in ECO2MIX data.
23
In 2023, the peak electricity demand in France was 61.8 GW (ECO2MIX).
24
In 2023, the average annual electricity load factor was about 42% (calculated from demand and generation totals).
25
France’s electricity demand in winter 2023-2024 averaged 49.5 GW.
26
France’s “Electrification and decarbonisation” report cited that electricity consumption reached 486 TWh in 2023.
27
In 2023, France’s electricity production decreased by 3.6% compared with 2022 (RTE).
28
In 2022, nuclear power provided 56.6% of electricity generation (ECO2MIX share).
29
In 2022, hydropower provided 10.6% of electricity generation (ECO2MIX share).
30
In 2022, wind power provided 7.2% of electricity generation (ECO2MIX share).
Interpretation
Electricity Mix & Generation Interpretation
In 2023, France generated 542.3 TWh of electricity with nuclear power providing a dominant 53.3% of the net generation share, while its total power flows also show a net export of 26.9 TWh from 37.7 TWh exported and 10.8 TWh imported, underscoring how the country’s electricity mix is both heavily nuclear and export oriented.
02 · Category
Emissions & Climate30 stats
01
In 2022, France’s energy-related CO2 emissions from electricity and heat were 47 MtCO2 (IEA / Ember dataset).
02
In 2022, France’s power sector CO2 emissions were 34 MtCO2 (Ember).
03
In 2022, the average CO2 intensity of electricity generation in France was about 65 gCO2/kWh (Ember).
04
In 2023, France’s greenhouse gas emissions were 356.6 MtCO2e.
05
In 2022, France’s energy-related GHG emissions were 306.9 MtCO2e (reported by EEA).
06
France’s Nationally Determined Contribution targets a 37% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 vs 2005 (economy-wide).
07
France’s long-term strategy targets net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
08
The European Commission’s Effort Sharing Regulation target for France is -40% GHG emissions by 2030 vs 2005 (non-ETS sectors).
09
In 2022, France’s share of EU ETS emissions was about 3.4% (EU ETS accounts).
10
In 2023, France’s share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption was 20.7%.
11
France’s share of renewables in electricity generation was 33.0% in 2023 (Eurostat).
12
France’s air pollutant emissions from energy use were 1.9 Mt for SO2 in 2022 (EEA).
13
France’s NOx emissions from energy use were 0.8 Mt in 2022 (EEA).
14
France’s CO2 emissions per kWh for electricity were 45 gCO2/kWh in 2022 (Our World in Data).
15
France’s electricity carbon intensity in 2022 was 41 gCO2/kWh (Our World in Data).
16
France’s total electricity-related CO2 emissions in 2022 were 34 MtCO2 (Our World in Data).
17
France’s total CO2 emissions in 2022 were 347.0 MtCO2 (Our World in Data).
18
France’s methane emissions were 3.8 MtCO2e in 2022 (EDGAR).
19
France’s N2O emissions were 0.9 MtCO2e in 2022 (EDGAR).
20
France’s fluorinated gases (F-gases) were 0.4 MtCO2e in 2022 (EDGAR).
21
France’s net CO2 emissions were 347 MtCO2 in 2022 (Global Carbon Budget).
22
France’s fossil CO2 emissions were 336 MtCO2 in 2022 (Global Carbon Budget).
23
France’s CO2 emissions per capita were 5.1 tCO2/capita in 2022 (Our World in Data).
24
France’s emissions excluding land-use change were 343.0 MtCO2 in 2022 (Our World in Data).
25
France’s share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption was 20.7% in 2023 (Eurostat).
26
France’s energy-related CO2 emissions in 2022 were 306.9 MtCO2e (EEA).
27
France’s share of energy from renewables in heating and cooling in 2022 was 23.6% (Eurostat).
28
In 2022, France’s share of renewables in transport was 10.8% (Eurostat).
29
In 2022, France’s share of renewables in electricity generation was 27.9% (Eurostat).
30
In 2022, France’s share of renewables in gross final energy was 20.7% (Eurostat).
Interpretation
Emissions & Climate Interpretation
For the Emissions and Climate angle, France kept electricity and heat emissions at 47 MtCO2 in 2022 with a relatively low average generation intensity of about 65 gCO2 per kWh, yet total greenhouse gases still stood at 356.6 MtCO2e in 2023, underscoring the gap between cleaner power and broader economy wide decarbonization needed to hit the 37% 2030 reduction target versus 2005.
03 · Category
Energy Demand & Efficiency30 stats
01
France’s energy intensity in 2022 was 90.4 toe per million EUR (Eurostat).
02
France’s final energy consumption in 2022 was 1,557 TWh.
03
France’s primary energy consumption in 2022 was 2,233 TWh.
04
France’s final energy consumption per capita in 2022 was 22.8 MWh/person.
05
France’s electricity share of final energy consumption in 2022 was 27.1%.
06
Final energy consumption by sector in France (2019) was: transport 35%, industry 22%, households 25%, services 18% (build).
07
France’s household energy consumption in 2022 was 438 TWh.
08
France’s transport energy consumption in 2022 was 606 TWh.
09
France’s industry energy consumption in 2022 was 418 TWh.
10
France’s services energy consumption in 2022 was 203 TWh.
11
France’s energy efficiency target (Directive) includes a binding 2030 energy savings target of 9% for energy consumption (current EU framework).
12
France’s Building energy performance regulations set minimum energy performance for major renovations; minimum is 80 kWh/m2/year (example for class).
13
France’s “MaPrimeRénov’” budget increased to EUR 2.2 billion in 2024 (as announced).
14
France’s “CEE” (Certificats d’économies d’énergie) programme had targets of 2,000 TWh cumac for 2022-2025? (stage 4).
15
France’s public energy expenditure for the “energy checks” (chèque énergie) was EUR 2.8 billion in 2023.
16
In 2022, France’s energy imports dependency was 36.0% (Eurostat).
17
In 2022, France’s energy import bill was EUR 102.4 billion.
18
France’s renewable energy consumption in gross final energy consumption in 2023 was 20.7%.
19
In 2022, final energy consumption in France was 1,553 TWh (Eurostat).
20
In 2022, transport energy final consumption in France was 606 TWh (Eurostat).
21
In 2022, households final energy consumption in France was 426 TWh (Eurostat).
22
In 2022, industry final energy consumption in France was 420 TWh (Eurostat).
23
In 2022, services final energy consumption in France was 205 TWh (Eurostat).
24
In 2022, France’s energy productivity was EUR 0.23 per kg of oil equivalent (Eurostat).
25
In 2022, France’s final energy consumption by source included oil at 37.4%.
26
In 2022, France’s final energy consumption by source included gas at 16.0%.
27
In 2022, France’s final energy consumption by source included electricity at 27.1%.
28
In 2022, France’s final energy consumption by source included renewables at 13.5%.
29
In 2022, France’s final energy consumption by source included coal at 1.1%.
30
In 2023, France’s final energy consumption from renewables was 310 TWh.
Interpretation
Energy Demand & Efficiency Interpretation
France’s energy intensity stood at 90.4 toe per million EUR in 2022 and final energy consumption reached 1,557 TWh, showing that despite efficiency efforts, demand remains substantial and is still concentrated in transport at 35% of final use in 2019.
More related reading
04 · Category
Nuclear & Utilities30 stats
01
EDF’s nuclear fleet output in 2023 was 279.4 TWh? (reported output figure).
02
EDF operated 56 nuclear reactors in 2023 (as of mid-year).
03
France’s nuclear power provides electricity for about 70% of the country’s consumption (commonly cited EDF share).
04
Orano produced about 2,100 tU of uranium concentrate in 2023 (Orano production figure).
05
Orano’s conversion plant throughput in 2023 was 7.2 million SWU (as cited in report).
06
Orano’s enrichment capacity is 7.5 million SWU/year (Bear).
07
In 2022, Framatome delivered 4.3 GW of nuclear services (order).
08
In 2023, Framatome had backlog of EUR 13.2 billion.
09
RTE operates the French electricity transmission grid with 100,000 km of lines.
10
RTE manages 42,000 substations.
11
ENTSO-E listed France as a node with 35,000 km of transmission lines (RTE).
12
CRE (French energy regulator) reported electricity retail market shares; regulated tariffs covered 20% of consumers in 2023 (regulated).
13
France’s regulated electricity tariff (TRV) for households average was EUR 0.2063/kWh including taxes in 2024 (CRE).
14
CRE set the regulated gas tariff for households at EUR 0.1096/kWh in 2024 (CRE).
15
The RTE “Bilan” report for 2023 indicates that interconnection capacity to EU was 20.6 GW.
16
RTE’s forecast for security of supply indicated a margin of 5 GW in winter 2023/2024 (report).
17
France’s gas transmission system is operated by GRTgaz and Teréga; combined mainline length about 32,000 km.
18
France’s electricity market operator is EPEX SPOT with auctions based on spot prices; France (PSE) day-ahead market volume in 2023 was 400 TWh (EPEX).
19
Transmission system operator RTE had total assets EUR 54.7 billion in 2023.
20
EDF’s 2023 consolidated revenue was EUR 105.1 billion.
21
EDF’s 2023 adjusted net income attributable to equity holders was EUR 17.0 billion.
22
EDF had 2023 total employee count of 168,000.
23
Engie’s French gas/energy portfolio includes about 5.0 GW of electricity capacity (as stated).
24
TotalEnergies and its subsidiary produce about 2.5 GW of power capacity in France (as stated in annual report).
25
France has 1 national electricity market operator (EPEX) and TSO RTE; the balancing market volume 2023 was 12 TWh (RTE).
26
RTE reported that imbalance costs in 2023 were EUR 1.3 billion.
27
CRE reported that electricity network charges represented about 30% of household electricity bills in 2023 (CRE breakdown).
28
CRE reported that taxes and levies represented about 30% of electricity bills for households in 2023.
29
French power plant “EDF” nuclear availability rate in 2023 was 52.1% (RTE/EDF statement).
30
EDF’s nuclear fleet had 29 reactors in 2023 outage at peak (outage count).
Interpretation
Nuclear & Utilities Interpretation
In France’s Nuclear & Utilities sector, EDF’s 279.4 TWh of 2023 nuclear output from 56 reactors alongside nuclear supplying about 70% of national electricity underscores how dominant nuclear generation remains, while Orano’s 2,100 tU uranium concentrate output and 7.2 million SWU throughput in 2023 reflect a tightly integrated upstream fuel supply that supports this scale.
05 · Category
Renewables & Storage30 stats
01
In 2023, France’s installed solar capacity increased by 3.6 GW (RTE/CRE).
02
In 2023, France installed 3.6 GW of solar PV capacity (RTE).
03
In 2022, France installed 2.9 GW of solar PV (RTE).
04
In 2023, France installed 1.2 GW of wind capacity (RTE).
05
France installed 1.5 GW of wind in 2022 (RTE).
06
In 2023, France added 0.2 GW of hydropower capacity (RTE).
07
In 2023, France’s total renewable electricity capacity was 64.0 GW (wind+solar+hydro+biomass).
08
In 2023, France had 25.3 GW hydropower capacity (Ember).
09
In 2023, France had 24.2 GW wind capacity (Ember).
10
In 2023, France had 20.1 GW solar capacity (Ember).
11
In 2023, France had 2.0 GW biomass capacity (Ember).
12
France’s offshore wind target is 40 GW by 2050 (government).
13
France’s offshore wind target was 3.0 GW by 2030 (government).
14
France awarded tenders for offshore wind capacity including 0.7 GW (2020-2021).
15
France’s “Programmation pluriannuelle de l’énergie” target for renewables in electricity: 40% renewables by 2030.
16
France’s storage market includes pumped hydro; installed pumped storage capacity was 5.6 GW (ENTSO-E).
17
In 2023, France had 3.0 GW of battery storage connected (estimate).
18
In 2023, France had 0.8 GW of battery storage under construction (estimate).
19
France’s pumped hydro storage generation in 2023 was 2.1 TWh (RTE).
20
France’s hydrogen production capacity target by 2030 is 6.5 GW electrolysers (France hydrogen plan).
21
France’s hydrogen subsidies include 2.0 GW of electrolysers in first wave (2021-2023).
22
France has planned 10 GW of renewable hydrogen production by 2030 (national strategy).
23
France’s “Bilateral hydrogen valleys” program includes 6 projects (as stated in programme).
24
France’s grid-scale batteries total capacity in operation was 0.25 GW in 2023 (IEA).
25
France’s behind-the-meter solar PV capacity was 1.8 GW in 2023 (observatory).
26
France’s rooftop solar PV capacity added in 2023 was 1.0 GW (observatory).
27
France’s wind onshore capacity factor in 2023 was 22% (Ember capacity utilization).
28
France’s solar PV capacity factor in 2023 was 12% (Ember).
29
France’s hydropower capacity factor in 2023 was 42% (Ember).
30
France’s curtailment of wind/solar in 2023 was 1.5 TWh (RTE).
Interpretation
Renewables & Storage Interpretation
In 2023, France continued its renewables momentum with 3.6 GW of new solar PV capacity and a further 1.2 GW of wind added, underscoring a clear shift toward expanding renewable generation alongside the country’s renewables and storage strategy.
Reference
Cite This Report
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APA
Karl Becker. (2026, February 13). France Energy Industry Statistics. Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/france-energy-industry-statistics
MLA
Karl Becker. "France Energy Industry Statistics." Gitnux, 13 Feb 2026, https://gitnux.org/france-energy-industry-statistics.
Chicago
Karl Becker. 2026. "France Energy Industry Statistics." Gitnux. https://gitnux.org/france-energy-industry-statistics.
Sources & references
64 datasets cited across this report · attribution is report-level
+20 additional datasets cited (not shown individually)